unit 4: rome. 20empire.jpg
Post on 18-Dec-2015
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
When: 387 A.D.
Story behind It: When St. Augustine arrived in Milan, he observed that the Church did not fast on Saturday as did the Church at Rome. He consulted St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan, who replied: "When I am at Rome, I fast on a Saturday; when I am at Milan, I do not. Follow the custom of the Church where you are.”
The comment was changed to "When they are at Rome, they do there as they see done" by Robert Burton in his Anatomy of Melancholy.
Eventually it became "When in Rome, do as the Romans do."
Geography
Built on the 7 rolling hills
Located near the center of the Italian peninsula
Peninsula is located in the Mediterranean Sea Ideal location for trade
Area had very good soil
Few natural barriers
Helped unite the people The Apennine mountains run down
the center of the peninsula and the Alps are located to the north
Neither mountain range prevented invasion or migration
First Inhabitants of Rome
Rome was founded circa 750 BC on seven hills overlooking the Tiber River
Legend states that Rome was founded by the twins Romulus and Remus
The people that originally occupied the area were the Etruscans Flourished
from 900 BC- 509 BC
Driven out by the Latins
Rise of the Roman Republic
509 BC -27 BC
The Romans established a new form of government called a Republic
Officials are chosen by the people (Roman Citizens)
Roman government under the republic can be seen as combining monarchial, aristocratic, and democratic types of government
Two Major Social Classes
Patricians Land owning upper class
Able to hold political office
Able to become senator, judge, consul
Plebeians Farmers, merchants,
artisans, and traders
Majority of the population but possessed little power
Able to vote, but not hold office
Senate Aristocratic portion
Most powerful governing body in Rome
300 members chosen from the upper class
(only much later would plebeians be represented)
Influenced foreign and domestic policies
Tribunes Democratic
portion
Plebeian formed assemblies run by all plebeians
Protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials
Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian
Council
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wpcontent.answers.com/
wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People.jpg/
450px-Gaius_Gracchus_Tribune_of_the_People.jpg&i
mgrefurl=http://www.answers.com/topic/comitia&usg=__U-nDq1-
DupdYZAGn1nWu01Lb9YA=&h=285&w=450&sz=55&hl=en&start=4&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=pk0sPlNwwTcZNM:&tbnh=80&tbnw=12
7&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Btribune%2Bplebeian%2Bgovenment%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um
%3D1
Consuls Monarchial portion
Elected by the senate, 2 in total
One looked after the business of government while the other commanded the armies
Had 1 year terms and were not eligible for reelection for 10 years
Dictator Appointed by
Consuls
Elected by senate
Assumed position during times of emergency only
Was only allowed to serve for 6 months
Twelve Tables (451 BC)
Became the basis for Roman
Law Established the
ideas that all free citizens
had a right to the protection
of the law
Punic WarsSeries of 3 wars fought
between Rome and Carthage
1st Punic War (264 BC- 241 BC)• Romans
defeat Carthage
• Gain control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean
2nd Punic War(218 BC- 202 BC)
• Carthage general Hannibal takes large army through Spain, across France, and through the Alps
• Hannibal dominates until Romans attack Carthage, and force Hannibal to return home
• Rome wins
3rd Punic War(149 BC- 146 BC)• Romans laid
siege to Carthage
• Fields of Carthage are salted = inability to grow crops = forced servitude to Rome
RISE and fall of the Roman Republic
By 246 BC Rome had conquered all of Italy and the following surrounding areas;
Carthage Macedonia Greece Egypt And areas of Asia Minor
Rome has taken over many areas of the empire of Alexander the Great
Reasons for Rome’s success
Very powerful military- the Roman legions
Strong and efficient government
Proper treatment of conquered people
Fall of the Republic
The major expansion created a large economic gap between the rich and poor.
It also led to government corruption
Several attempts of reform led to civil war
The First Triumvirate Powerful military leaders
and officials established power during the civil wars
The First Triumvirate consisted of
Julius Caesar Pompey Crassus
Julius Caesar was the most charismatic and came to power in 48 BC
Julius Caesar
Made several new conquests of other areas around the Mediterranean Sea
Reforms
Public works to provide jobs for the unemployed
Granted citizenship to people in the properties
Increased pay for soldiers
On March 15,th 44BC Julius Caesar was assassinated
This day is referred to as the Ides of March
top related