unit 3 chapter 9: launching a new republic 1789 - 1800 this presentation follows materials presented...
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Unit 3 Chapter 9: Launching a New Republic 1789 - 1800
This presentation follows materials presented in Unit 3 of the McDougal Littell textbook: Creating America
I. Washington’s Presidency
A. Washington Takes Office1. Inaugurated in NYC in
17892. Received ALL electoral
votes with John Adams as his vice-president
3. Precedents set by Washingtona. What to call the Presidentb. Presidential Cabinet (not in
Cons.)c. Number of terms servedd. Neutrality: don’t align to any
country
a. Advisors to the President, chosen by the Pres. & approved by the senate
b. 1st Cabineti. Department of State: Thomas
Jefferson• In charge of relations w/ other
countries
ii. Depart. Of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton• In charge of gov’t/country’s
economy
4. President’s Cabinet
b. 1st Cabinet (cont.)iii.Department of War:
Henry Knox• In charge of Army and
Navy
iv. Attorney General: Edmund Randolf• Government’s top lawyer
4. President’s Cabinet
a. Plantation owner from Virginia
b. Supported AGRICULTURE & States’ Rights
c. Grew up wealthy and trusted the PEOPLE
5. Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State
B. Hamilton Goes to Work1. Alexander Hamilton
a. Grew up POOR in the Caribbean & did not trust ordinary people with the gov’t.
b. He started working @ age 12 and by 14, he was running the business
i. His boss sent him to College @ Columbia University in NYC
c. Served as Washington’s Personal Aide during the Revolution
d. Supported BUSINESS & a STRONG FEDERAL GOV’T.
B. Hamilton Goes to Work
2. Hamilton’s Debt Problema. Federal Gov’t and individual states
still owed $52 millioni. To France, Spain, the Netherlands, and
to private citizens
b. Hamilton’s 3-Step PLANi. Pay off all state war debtsii. Raise gov’t revenue (income)iii.Create a National Bank
c. Debt: (Step 1)i. Hamilton wanted to combine state &
nat’l debt• Nat’l gov’t would pay both
ii. Southern states already paid their debt and did not like it
d. Debt Compromisei. Jefferson would convince Southern
states to support debt plan IF…• Hamilton moved the nation’s capital to the
South• Washington, D.C.: land b/t Virginia and
Maryland
2. Hamilton’s Debt Problem
3. Raise Gov’t Revenue (Step 2)a. Tariff: tax on imported goodsb. Protective Tariffs:
i. Protects American businessesii. Charges taxes on imported goods to
make $ on themiii.Encouraged citizens to buy American
goods
c. North liked it b/c they are businessd. South didn’t like it b/c they rely on
trade
a. Place to keep all gov’t money
b. Would make $ from loansc. Would issue currency
(paper $)
4. Creating the National bank (Step 3)
a. Strict Constructioni. Can only do what the Constitution saysii. James Madison & Thomas Jefferson
b. Loose Constructioni. Constitution can be interpretedii. Rights can be “read into” the
Constitutioniii.ELASTIC Clause: (A1, S8) granted
Congress to pass laws necessary & proper for carrying out the Enumerated (Federal) powers
iv. Alexander Hamilton
5. Interpreting the Constitution
II. Challenges to the New Government
A. 1st Challenge: Native Americans
1. It appeared that Britain (still in NW Territory) & Spain were encouraging Indians to attack American settlers
2. Washington sent troops twice but were beaten so…a. He sent “Mad Anthony” Wayne
to handle the situationb. Wayne defeated the Indians @
the Battle of Fallen Timbers & the Indians were forced to move further west
1. Western farmers started making whiskey b/c their grain was going bad by the time they made it to market
2. Hamilton decided to tax whiskey to make $$$
3. Whiskey farmers rebelled & G.W. sent troops to prove the Nat'l Gov’t had powera. Rebels fled
B. 2nd Challenge: Whiskey Rebellion
1. 1789, French revolted against King Louis XVI
2. Americans supported the Revolution until it got bloody
3. Britain and France were @ war again
4. Hamilton did not want to offend Britain b/c of trade
C. 3rd Challenge: French Revolution
5. Jefferson wanted to help France b/c they helped us during our Revolution
6. Washington decided to remain NEUTRAL but it backfired…
C. 3rd Challenge: French Revolution
1. Jay’s Treaty (1794) – peace treaty w/ Britaina. Northwest Territory, Indian
attacks, and to stop attacking trading ships
2. Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) – peace treaty w/ Spaina. Trade on the Mississippi
River & New Orleans and the border of Florida
D. 4th Challenge: National Security
III.The Federalists in Charge
A. Washington’s Farewell Address
1. George Washington chose to only serve 2 terms – time for a change after 8 years
2. Farewell Address (Speech/Advise)a. Avoid political parties (they
only divide the country)b. Avoid alliances with foreign
countries as they will only drag you into war
B. Birth of Political Parties1. Purpose: to promote
ideas, influence Gov’t, and to back candidates for office
2. Established (WHY?):a. Disagreements over power
of the Federal Governmentb. Disagreements over foreign
policy
C. John Adams’ Presidency1. Adams – 2nd President, Thomas
Jefferson – Vice President2. Two Major Controversies during
presidencya. XYZ Affair
i. France was taking American trade ships, so Adams sent 3 representatives to France
ii. After weeks, they were still ignored until 3 French agents (X, Y, & Z) showed up asking for – $10 million loan $250,000 bribe to the Minister
iii. Congress cancelled treaties w/ France & called for any French ships to be seized
b. Alien and Sedition Actsi. Series of laws targeting
immigrants and Democratic-Republicans who criticized Adams
Gave the President the power to arrest disloyal immigrants
Outlawed Sedition: can’t say or write anything bad about the Government
C. John Adams’ Presidency (cont.)
b. Alien and Sedition Acts (cont.)ii. Jefferson & Madison wanted
states’ rights & nullification (where a state could “nullify” a federal law in the state)
Kentucky and Virginia Resolution
iii.In 1800, Democratic-Republicans won majority & repealed the Acts
C. John Adams’ Presidency (cont.)
Newspaper Writer, William Duane-
Accused of Sedition
3. Peace with Francea. Agreement of 1800 =
PEACEb. Cost Adams the election of
1800, but he fully supported his decision
C. John Adams’ Presidency (cont.)
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