unit 2: population & migration test review. iv. overpopulation – occurs when the resources...

Unit 2: Population & Migration Test Review

IV. OVERPOPULATION – Occurs when the resources available can’t meet the needs of the people. The “carrying capacity” (the number of people a region or country can support) has been exceeded.

STAGES OF POPULATION GROWTH

STAGE I. NO GROWTH

Population grew very slowly. Many children are born, but many die in childhood. Most people are farmers. Plagues and famine a part of life. Growth patterns until the 1700’s.

Stage II. RAPID GROWTH – Hygiene and medical technology advances quickly. Many babies are still born, but only a few die.

Population eventually explodes in poor countries thanks to improved medical care

Population increases dramatically in wealthy countries.

STAGE III – NO GROWTH

Population begins to level off. Fewer children being born, thus, smaller families. As countries (or families) become wealthier, they have fewer children.

Population grows slowly due to immigration. More deaths than births in the native population.

The USA is in stage 3.

STAGE IV – NEGATIVE OR STAGNANT GROWTH

Current population is not being replaced. More people are dying than are being born.

This is the situation Europe finds itself in. Most countries are in Stage IV. In some countries people are paid a bonus when they have children. Abortion illegal in certain countries.

European Union Flag

Italy’s population is dropping.

Most couples have one or no children.

What does it look like?

Demographic Transition Theory

• Demographic Transition Theory in Action

Malthus’ Theory

• Exponential Growth vs. Linear Growth

• Exponential Growth is the idea that people will grow at a “geometric rate”

• Food is represented as linear growth

• Even with new technology, farmland is limited and does not reproduce itself as people do.

Interpreting a Population Pyramid

•Remember that a population pyramid is basically a bar graph turned on its side. Each line is showing you what percentage of the population is a certain age.

•Examine the title and the type of data presented. (ex. Age breakup, numbers listed below, male-female notation.)

•True pyramids are developing countries. The majority of the population is younger and not many people live to an old age. Developed countries are more rectangular; the population is spread more equally through the age groups.

How to interpret population pyramids

There main types of pyramids– Rapid growth– Slow growth – Negative growth

Shape of rapidgrowth

Shape of Slow growth

Shape of negative growth

High, Slow & Negative Growth

Gravity Model Ravenstein’s Laws

Short Distances due to Distance

Decay

Longer Distances move from rural to urban

Step Migration

Rural to Urban

Counter Flow Migration: 1 IN 1

OUT

Adults move most.

Young people move

internationally.

Net Migration

Net Migration = IN Migration – OUT Migration

IN Migration: more people are coming into an area than they are leaving an area

(More Immigrants than Emigrants)What happens to the population?

OUT Migration: more people are leaving an area than coming into an area

(More Emigrants than Immigrants)What happens to the population?

Types of Migration

• 1. Primitive Migration:

• 2. Forced Migration: • 3. Impelled/Imposed

Migration• 4. Free/Voluntary

Migration• 5. Mass Migration

Migration Selectivity• Not everyone migrates to a different place. • Migration Selectivity puts people into categories that are most

likely to move somewhere

1. AGE: younger people between the ages of 18-30 are most likely to move

2. EDUCATION: People with higher education are most likely to make long-distance moves

3. KINSHIP & FRIENDS: People will follow families members that have moved to another area for a better life. CHAIN MIGRATION helped create cultural neighborhoods.

US Migration Waves

WAVE 1: 1840s, Northern and Western European

WAVE 2: 1840s-1900s, German and Northern European

WAVE 3: 1900s-present, South European, Eastern European, Asian, & Latin Americans

Great Migrations In History

Irish Potato FamineThree Gorges Dam MigrationHurricane Katrina RefugeesAfghanistan RefugeesPartition of India Creation of IsraelPalestinian Migration African America Migration to the NorthDust Bowl Migration

Activity Space

• Activity Space: area where a person moves around to do their daily routine throughout the day

Types of Trips People Take In Their Activity Space Is Determined By:

1. Age Group 2. Ability to Travel 3. Opportunities & Awareness

Space

Space Time Prism

• All people live within a space time prism that sets limits on their activities. There time and space are limited by their ability to move around.

• Example: if you don’t have a car, you can not get a long distance job.