unit 2 – government and politics
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UNIT 2 GOVERNMENT
AND POLITICS
Grade 9 Social Studies
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WHAT IS A GOVERNMENT?
A government is a
ruling body that runsthe affairs of a country,
province, city, town, or
district.
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WHY DO WE HAVE A GOVERNMENT?
The governments role in
our lives is tomake
decisions. To do this
they make laws and
ensure that they arecarried out.
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Since there are so manydecisions we have to make on a
daily basis, it would be simply
impossible to decide what dowith larger issues such as
education and health care. That
is why we elect a government they represent us and make
difficult decisions on our behalf.
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WHAT CAN THE GOVERNMENT
DO?
The government hasmany powers and these
are stated in the
Canadian Constitution.
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The Constitution is a set of rules
for the various levels of
government to follow in theirdecision-making.
The Constitution was originally
called the British North America(BNA) Act and contains both a
written and unwritten part.
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THE CANADIAN CONSTITUTION
Written Unwritten
The Constitutional Act,
1867
Traditions based on
the British system.
The Canadian Charter of
Rights and Freedoms
An amending formula
which sets out the ways
in which the Constitutioncan be changed.
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THERE ARE THREE BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENTAL POWER:
Executive Power This is the power to
administer and enforce the laws of the
country.
Legislative Power This is the power to
make laws.
Judicial Power This is the power to
decide who has broken the law and what
penalties they will be given.
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WHAT TYPE OF GOVERNMENT DO WE
HAVE IN CANADA?
The system of government in Canada is
based largely on the British form of
government. Our government can be
described in four ways:y a constitutional monarchy
y a federal system
y
a party systemy a representative democracy
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A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Canada recognizes themonarch (king or
queen) as our head of state. The current
monarch is Queen Elizabeth II; the Queen
does not rule Canada or any otherCommonwealth nation directly. In fact,
she has little power. The monarch is
represented by the Governor General who
has a largely symbolic role. The GG isappointed by the monarch on the advice of
the Prime Minister.
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There was recently a new Governor
General sworn in; David Johnston
took his seat at GG on October 1,
2010.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/ne
ws/video/johnston-installed-as-g-
g/article1739125/
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FEDERAL SYSTEM
The federal system of government was created by
the Fathers of Confederation in 1867. They
determined that there should be two levels of
government: federal, that would look after the
needs of all citizens of Canada, and provincial,
to look after the specific needs of a region or
province.
Since then, another level of government has been
added:municipal government. This
government looks after the needs of a city, town,
or municipality.
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PARTY SYSTEM
Most of the people who represent youat the federal, provincial, and some atthe municipal level, belong to a
political party.A political party is agroup of people who have commonbeliefs, ideas, and plans about the bestway to govern. The party asks us to
vote for its candidates in a particularriding, and if enough party candidatesare elected, that party forms thegovernment.
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The major political parties in
Canada are the Conservative Party,
the Liberal Party, and the New
Democratic Party (NDP). In Quebec,
separatists are active at the federal
level as the Bloc Quebecois, and at
the provincial level as the PartiQuebecois.
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REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
Canada is a democracy, which
means that the people govern the
nation. Since it is impossible for
every citizen to be involved directly
in the workings of the government
theres just too much to do we give
our power to elected representativeswho act on our behalf. This is called
a representative democracy.
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On your own or in a small group,
read over the handouts on Federal,Provincial/Territorial, and Municipal
Governments. Fill in any blanks
that are empty.
Tonight, you will want to visit the
class blog
http://rooma215.blogspot.com
to download a list of important
vocabulary for this unit.
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