unit 1- the organisation of the human body. biology 3º eso

The human body The human body organizationorganization

What is the difference between living and non living things?

All living things carry out 3 functions

Interaction ReproductionNutrition

What are the levels of What are the levels of organization of matter?organization of matter?

1.1. Subatomic levelSubatomic level2.2. Atomic levelAtomic level3.3. Molecular levelMolecular level4.4. Cellular levelCellular level5.5. Tissue levelTissue level6.6. Organ levelOrgan level7.7. System and apparatus levelSystem and apparatus level8.8. Organism levelOrganism level

What is a cell?What is a cell? The cell is the functional basic The cell is the functional basic

unit of life which carries out unit of life which carries out the 3 vital functions:the 3 vital functions: NutritionNutrition InteractionInteraction ReproductionReproduction

Are all the living things made Are all the living things made up of cells?up of cells?

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS

THE CELL

All living things are made up of one or more cells

How many cells do you think you have now?

You started as one cell, then 2, 4…..

S XVII Robert HookeS XVII Robert Hooke

Hooke observed cork layers.Hooke observed cork layers. His microscope had 50 His microscope had 50

magnifications (aumentos)magnifications (aumentos)

Anton Van LeeuwenhoekAnton Van Leeuwenhoek

What types of cells do What types of cells do you know?you know?

PROKARYOTIC CELLSPROKARYOTIC CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLSEUKARYOTIC CELLS

Animal cellsAnimal cellsPlant cellsPlant cells

What is the main What is the main difference between difference between Prokaryotic and Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?Eukaryotic cells?

Parts of a Eukaryotic Parts of a Eukaryotic animal cellanimal cell

The 3 main parts:The 3 main parts:

Plasmatic or cell membrane.Plasmatic or cell membrane. Covers the Covers the cell. Controls what goes in and out of the cell. Controls what goes in and out of the cell.cell.

CytoplasmCytoplasm. It houses all the organelles. It. It houses all the organelles. It´s a jelly-like substance.´s a jelly-like substance.

NucleusNucleus. Contains the genetic . Contains the genetic information, controls the activity of the information, controls the activity of the cells.cells.

Points of the cellular Points of the cellular theorytheory

XIX century. XIX century. Authors: Matthias Schleiden (botanist) Authors: Matthias Schleiden (botanist)

and Theodor Schwann (zoologist)and Theodor Schwann (zoologist) All living things are made up of cells.All living things are made up of cells. The cell is the functional and structural The cell is the functional and structural

unit of all living thingsunit of all living things All cells come from pre-existing cells by All cells come from pre-existing cells by

divisiondivision Cells contain hereditary information Cells contain hereditary information

which is passed from cell to cell during which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.cell division.

Animations cells, levels of organizationAnimations cells, levels of organization http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/

biology/pc/learningsteps/CAFLC/launch.htmlbiology/pc/learningsteps/CAFLC/launch.html http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/

biology/pc/learningsteps/OLTLC/launch.htmlbiology/pc/learningsteps/OLTLC/launch.html

Video cell´s discoveryVideo cell´s discovery

Video introduction to cellsVideo introduction to cells

Plasmatic or cell Plasmatic or cell membranemembrane

Covers the cellCovers the cell Protects itProtects it Controls what goes in and what goes Controls what goes in and what goes

out of the cell.out of the cell.

The cell membrane is made up of two types of molecules: proteins and lipids

What else can we find in What else can we find in a cell?a cell?

Parts of a Eukaryotic Parts of a Eukaryotic animal cellanimal cell

The cytoplasmThe cytoplasm It is a jelly-like substance inside the cell.It is a jelly-like substance inside the cell. It contains organelles. And proteins that It contains organelles. And proteins that

form the cytoskeleton.form the cytoskeleton.

The nucleusThe nucleus It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. It contains the DNA, the genetic material.It contains the DNA, the genetic material. It controls all the cell function´s.It controls all the cell function´s.

The main organelles are:The main organelles are:

MithocondriaMithocondria Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and

smooth)smooth) Golgi bodyGolgi body CentriolesCentrioles VacuolesVacuoles RibosomesRibosomes LysosomesLysosomes CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

Proteínas y lípidos

Es un centro de empaquetamiento responsable del transporte seguro de los compuestos sintetizados hacia el exterior de la célula.

Centrosoma: centriolos

http://www.neok12.com Quiz repaso http://www.neok12.com Quiz repaso células y orgánulos.células y orgánulos.

Vídeo resumen sobre tejidosVídeo resumen sobre tejidos

TISSUE LEVELTISSUE LEVEL

What is a tissue?What is a tissue? What types of tissue can What types of tissue can

we find in our body?we find in our body?

Which are the 4 types of Which are the 4 types of tissue?tissue?

1.1. Epithelial tissueEpithelial tissue

2.2. Connective tissueConnective tissue

3.3. Muscle tissueMuscle tissue

4.4. Nerve or nervous tissueNerve or nervous tissue

Epithelial tissue. Two Epithelial tissue. Two typestypes

Covering epithelial tissue.Covering epithelial tissue.

Glandular epithelium..Glandular epithelium..

1- Covering EPITHELIAL 1- Covering EPITHELIAL TISSUETISSUE

Your skin is composed of epithelial tissue, and epithelial tissue also lines your body cavities and major organs.

1.1-Covering epithelial 1.1-Covering epithelial tissuetissue. Where can we . Where can we

find it?find it? EpidermisEpidermis. The outer layer of the . The outer layer of the

skin.skin.

MucosaeMucosae. Covering the pharynx, . Covering the pharynx, mouth, esophagus, respiratory tract…mouth, esophagus, respiratory tract…

Covering the inside part of the blood Covering the inside part of the blood vessels.vessels.

1.2-1.2- GLANDULAR GLANDULAR EPITHELIUMEPITHELIUM

It´s the tissue that forms the It´s the tissue that forms the glandsglands

What are glands? Do you What are glands? Do you know any examples?know any examples?

Glands secrete substancesGlands secrete substances There are 3 types of glands:There are 3 types of glands:

Exocrine glandsExocrine glandsEndocrine glandsEndocrine glandsMixed glandsMixed glands

1-Exocrine glands1-Exocrine glands

Salivary glandsSalivary glands Sweat glandsSweat glands Lacrimal glandsLacrimal glands Liver Liver

2-Endocrine glands2-Endocrine glands

Secretion of substances that are internally used by the body, e.g hormones.

-Hormones travel through the blood.

HORMONESHORMONES Adrenaline Adrenaline is secreted is secreted

by the suprarrenal by the suprarrenal glands.glands.

Strong emotions Strong emotions such such as as fear or anger fear or anger cause it cause it to be released into the to be released into the bloodstream.bloodstream.

It causes an increase in It causes an increase in heart rate, muscle heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. and sugar metabolism. 

3- Mixed glands3- Mixed glands They can work both as endocrine or They can work both as endocrine or

exocrine glands.exocrine glands. Example: Example: Pancreas Pancreas

As As endocrine gland endocrine gland it produces:it produces: INSULINEINSULINE

As exocrine gland it produces:As exocrine gland it produces: PANCREATIC JUICEPANCREATIC JUICE

3- Mixed glands3- Mixed glands

2- CONNECTIVE TISSUE2- CONNECTIVE TISSUE

It supports the body and It supports the body and connects together all types of connects together all types of tissue.tissue.

2.1- Conjunctive tissue2.1- Conjunctive tissue Tendons (join the musclesTendons (join the muscles to the bones)to the bones) LigamentsLigaments

2.2Addipose tissue2.2Addipose tissue

Why is it neccesary?Why is it neccesary?

2.2- 2.2- Addipose tissueAddipose tissue

It stores fat, protects organs and provides termic isolation

2.3- 2.3- Cartilage tissueCartilage tissue

Cartilage tissueCartilage tissue

EarsEars TracheaTrachea NoseNose

2.4- 2.4- Bone tissueBone tissue

The major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body

2.5 Blood tissue2.5 Blood tissue

Blood components?Blood components?

2.5- 2.5- Blood tissueBlood tissue

It consists of blood plasma, and cell elements, blood cells.

3- MUSCLE TISSUE3- MUSCLE TISSUE

Muscles can be divided into Muscles can be divided into three main groups according three main groups according to their structure, e.g.: to their structure, e.g.: Smooth muscle tissue.Smooth muscle tissue. ( Tejido muscular liso)( Tejido muscular liso) Skeletal muscle tissue.Skeletal muscle tissue. (Tejido muscular estriado)(Tejido muscular estriado) Cardiac (heart) muscle Cardiac (heart) muscle

tissue.tissue. (Tejido muscular cardíaco)(Tejido muscular cardíaco)

Where can we find?Where can we find?

Smooth muscle tissue.Smooth muscle tissue. Dygestive tube wall, blood Dygestive tube wall, blood

vessel walls.vessel walls. Skeletal muscle tissue:Skeletal muscle tissue:

Skeletal muscles (they move Skeletal muscles (they move bones)bones)

Cardiac muscle tissue:Cardiac muscle tissue: HeartHeart

There are microfilaments composed of actin and myosin, which are contractile proteins.

4- NERVOUS TISSUE4- NERVOUS TISSUE

It detects stimuli, integrates information and elaborates responses

NeuronsNeurons

A neuron consists of two major parts:A neuron consists of two major parts:

1.1.Cell BodyCell Body. It contains the neuron's . It contains the neuron's nucleus, associated cytoplasm, and nucleus, associated cytoplasm, and other organelles. other organelles.

2.2. "finger-like" projections from the cell "finger-like" projections from the cell body that are able to conduct and body that are able to conduct and transmit signals. There are two types:transmit signals. There are two types:

AxonsAxons - carry signals away from the - carry signals away from the cell body.cell body.

DendritesDendrites - typically carry signals - typically carry signals towards the cell body.towards the cell body.

Quiz types of tissues Quiz types of tissues www.neok12.comwww.neok12.com

What is an organ?What is an organ?Different tissuess form organs

Go to PPT SystemsGo to PPT Systems

Vídeo Function of the different Vídeo Function of the different organ systemsorgan systems

Video cells, organellesVideo cells, organelles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1GQyciJaTAv=o1GQyciJaTA