unit 1 lesson 4 pure substances and mixtures copyright © houghton mifflin harcourt publishing...
Post on 13-Dec-2015
249 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
A Great Combination
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
How can matter be classified?
• Matter is made up of basic “ingredients” known as atoms.
• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
• Substances are classified as elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
How can matter be classified?
• An element is made of only one kind of atom.• Example: Gold is made of only gold atoms, oxygen is
made of only oxygen atoms.
• A compound is a molecule that is made up of different kinds of atoms that are chemically combined.
• Example: Water (H₂O) is a molecule made of Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms that are combined chemically.
• A mixture contains a variety of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined.
• Example: Salt water is a mixture of salt (NaCl) and water (H₂O) but are NOT chemically combined.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
How can matter be classified?
• Is water an element, a compound, or a mixture?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
H H
O
Pure Genius
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are pure substances?
• A pure substance is a substance with definite physical and chemical properties.
• Pure substances are made up of just one type of element or molecule.
• Elements and compounds are pure substances.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
What are pure substances?
• Physical changes such as melting, freezing, cutting, or smashing do not change the identity of pure substances.
• Example: Water can be boiled into a gas and frozen into a solid, but will always be water.
• Example: Iron can be cut, bent and melted, but will always be iron
• When a pure substance undergoes a chemical change, it is no longer that same substance.
• Example: Water can be separated into its original elements (Hydrogen, Oxygen) using a chemical process called electrolysis.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Water
Classified Information
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
How can elements be classified?
• Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
• Classifying elements helps scientists predict the properties of elements.
• The periodic table is a tool used to classify and identify elements that have similar properties.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
How can compounds be classified?
• Compounds can be classified as acidic, basic, or neutral by measuring pH.
• Pure water has a pH of 7. Acids have a pH below 7. Bases have a pH above 7.
• Blue litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acid.
• Red litmus paper turns blue in the presence of a base.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
P
pH Scale &
Examples
How can compounds be classified?
• Compounds can be organic or inorganic.
• Organic compounds are those that contain a combination of carbon and hydrogen.
• Organic compounds made by living things are called biochemicals.
• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are biochemical compounds.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Organic Compounds:CH4 - methaneC3H8 - propaneC4H10 - butaneC6H6 - benzeneC6H₁₀O₅ – starch (C6H10O5)C6H10O5 – celluloseC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ – sugar
Inorganic Compounds:NaCl - sodium chlorideCO2 - carbon dioxideH2O - waterHCl - hydrochloric acidCuCl2 - copper chlorideFe2O3 - iron oxideMgCl2 - magnesium chloride
Mix and Match
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are mixtures?
• A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are combined physically but not chemically.
• Mixtures are not pure substances and do not have definite properties.
• The properties of a mixture can change depending on the amount of each material being mixed.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
What are mixtures?
• Substances within a mixture keep their identities and individual properties.
• Mixtures can be separated by physical changes, although some mixtures are difficult to separate.
• Magnets, centrifuges, filters, and other materials can be used to separate mixtures.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Simple Solution
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
How can mixtures be classified?
• A heterogeneous mixture is one that does not have a uniform composition.
• A homogeneous mixture has the same composition throughout.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures
• A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.
• Particles in a suspension are spread throughout a liquid or gas, but are too large to stay mixed unless shaken or stirred.
• Particles settle in suspensions.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Suspensions
Homogenous Mixtures
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another substance.
• Colloids have particles that are unevenly spread throughout the mixture.
• Unlike a suspension, particles in colloids are too small to settle out of the mixture.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Solutions
Colloids
top related