unidad i, lección 1

Unidad I, Lección 1

América central y México

16/8 Bellringer

1. Encuentren ustedes la palabra del día, escriban su definición y escriban una oración original empleando esta palabra.

2. Encuentren el modismo del día, escriban su traducción y lo usan en una oración original.

Apuntes: Vocabulario • agua

• árbol

• avión

• bicicleta

• cámara

• camisa

• campaña

• cara

• carro

• cerca

• cine

• escalera

• ensalada

• flores

• gato

Apuntes: Vocabulario• guitarra

• hijo

• hombres

• jardín

• juguete

• libro

• maleta

• manzana

• mesa

• niño

• niña

• padre

• pasaporte

• pelota

• periódico

Apuntes: Vocabulario• piscina

• radio

• reloj

• servilleta

• sombrero

• teléfono

• televisor

• tienda

• toalla

• torta

• velero

• vestido

Apuntes: Vocabulario • el agua

• el árbol

• el avión

• la bicicleta

• la cámara

• la camisa

• la campaña

• la cara

• el carro

• la cerca

• el cine

• la escalera

• la ensalada

• la flor

• el gato

Apuntes: Vocabulario• la guitarra

• el hijo

• el hombre

• el jardín

• el juguete

• el libro

• la maleta

• la manzana

• la mesa

• el niño

• la niña

• el padre

• el pasaporte

• la pelota

• el periódico

Apuntes: Vocabulario• la piscina

• el/la radio

• el reloj

• la servilleta

• el sombrero

• el teléfono

• el televisor

• la tienda

• la toalla

• la torta

• el velero

• el vestido

Apuntes: Vocabulario• abrazar

• agarrar

• almorzar

• alquilar

• arreglar

• ayudar

• bailar

• comer

• comprar

• encontrarse

• escribir

• esquiar

• funcionar

• hacer

• jugar

Apuntes: Vocabulario• leer

• manejar

• nadar

• parecerse a

• parecer

• querer

• saltar (de)

• sentar

• subirse (a)

• tirar

• tocar

• trabajar

Apuntes: Vocabulario• algún (día)

• azul

• bajo

• blanco

• demasiado

• difícil

• fácil

• gris

• junto/a

• marrón

• negro

• rojo

• roto/a

Apuntes: Vocabulario• a

• adentro

• afuera

• al lado de

• de

• debajo de

• detrás de

• en

• por encima de

• sobre

• ¡No hay nada!

17/8 Bellringer

Apuntes: EstructuraSingular subject

pronouns

• yo

• tú

• usted élella

• Plural subject pronouns

• nosotros/as

• ustedesellosellas

Apuntes: Estructura

• The present tense indicative mood can indicate the present in three forms:

I speakI do speakI am speaking

Apuntes: Estructura• To conjugate regular -ar verbs, drop the ending and

add:• -o

-as-a-amos-an

• ex: hablar

• yo hablotú hablasél, ella, Ud. hablanosotros/as hablamosellos, ellas, Uds. hablan

Apuntes: Estructura• To conjugate regular -er verbs, drop the ending

and add:• -o

-es-e-emos-en

• ex: comer

• yo comotú comesél, ella, Ud. comenosotros/as comemosellos, ellas, Uds. comen

Apuntes: Estructura• To conjugate regular -ir verbs, drop the ending and

add:• -o

-es-e-imos-en

• ex: vivir

• yo vivotú vivesél, ella, Ud. vivenosotros/as vivimosellos, ellas, Uds. viven

Apuntes: Estructura• In Spanish the subject pronouns are not always

require because the verb endings can indicate who is performing the action.

• Hablo español. (Yo is not necessary.)I speak Spanish.

• Comemos carne. (Nosotros is not necessary.)We eat meat.

• Vives en México. (Tú is not necessary.)You live in Mexico.

Apuntes: Estructura• Subject pronouns are often used for clarification.

For example, the verb form habla is ambiguous.• Ud. habla

él hablaella habla

• Therefore, to distinguish between "you speak," "he speaks," and "she speaks," it may be necessary to use the subject pronoun. Often, the conversation implies the subject of the verb. In such cases the subject pronoun may be omitted.

Apuntes: Estructura• It is possible to use two verbs in a row. Just like

in English, the first verb is conjugated, while the second verb remains in the infinitive form.

• Necesito hablar con Alfredo.I need to speak with Alfredo.(necesitar, hablar)

• Deseas vivir en España.You wish to live in Spain.(desear, vivir)

Apuntes: Estructura

• With stem-changing verbs, the stem also changes when you conjugate them. In the present tense, there are three groups of stem-changing verbs:

• o:uee:iee:i

Apuntes: Estructura• With the first group of stem-changing verbs, the

letter o in the stem changes to ue in all forms except the nosotros form.

• ex: contar• cuento

cuentascuenta contamos cuentan

Apuntes: Estructura• Here's another o:ue stem changing verb. Compare it to the

regular verb comer. Notice that the endings are the same for regular verbs and stem-changing verbs.

mover (o:ue)comer (regular -er verb)

muevo movemoscomo comemos

mueves muevencomes comen

muevecome

Apuntes: Estructura• Here's another o:ue stem-changing verb. Notice

how the stem doesn't change in the nosotros form.

• ex: dormir (o:ue)• duermo

duermesduerme dormimosduermen

Apuntes: Estructura

• ¿JUGAR?• Jugar is the only verb in the Spanish language

with a u:ue stem change.

Apuntes: Estructura• With the second group of stem-changing verbs,

the letter e in the stem changes to ie in all forms except the nosotros form.

• ex: cerrar• cierro

cierrascierra cerramos cierran

Apuntes: Estructura• Here's another e:ie stem changing verb. Compare

it to the regular verb comer. Notice that the endings are the same for regular verbs and stem-changing verbs.

entender (e:ie)comer (regular -er verb)

entiendo entendemoscomo comemos

entiendes entiendencomes comen

entiendecome

Apuntes: Estructura• Here's another e:ie stem-changing verb. Notice

• ex: mentir (e:ie)• miento

mientesmiente mentimos mienten

Apuntes: Estructura• With the third group of stem-changing verbs, the

letter e in the stem changes to i in all forms except the nosotros form.

• ex: repetir• repito

repitesrepite repetimos repiten

Apuntes: Estructura• Here's another e:i stem changing verb. Compare

it to the regular verb vivir. Notice that the endings are the same for regular verbs and stem-changing verbs.

• competir (e:i)vivir (regular -ir verb)

compito competimosvivo vivimos

compites compitenvives viven

compitevive

Apuntes: Estructura• Here's another e:i stem-changing verb. Notice

• ex: pedir (e:i)• pido

pidespide pedimospiden

Apuntes: Estructura• ¿DECIR?• The verb decir has an e:i stem change but is also a

“-go” verb. • digo

dices dice decimos dicen

Apuntes: Estructura• The present progressive is formed by

combining the verb "to be" with the present participle. (The present participle is merely the "-ing" form of a verb.)

• I am studying.I am studying with María.

Apuntes: Estructura• In English, present progressive can be used to describe

what is happening now, or what will happen in the future.• I am studying now.

I am studying with María tonight.• However, in Spanish, the present progressive is only used to

describe an action that is in the process of taking place. It is not used for future actions.

• I am studying now.(use present progressive)

• I am studying with María tonight.(do not use present progressive)

Apuntes: Estructura• To form the present progressive in Spanish,

combine the correct form of "estar" with the present participle.

• Estoy hablando.I am speaking.

• Juan está comiendo.John is eating.

• María está escribiendo una carta.Mary is writing a letter.

Apuntes: Estructura• In order to form the present progressive, you must

know how to conjugate the verb estar, and how to form the present participle. You already know how to conjugate the verb estar:

estoyestásestáestamosestán

Apuntes: Estructura• To form the present participle of regular -ar verbs,

add -ando to the stem of the verb.• hablar: hablando

(hablar - ar + ando)• trabajar: trabajando

(trabajar - ar + ando)• estudiar: estudiando

(estudiar - ar + ando)

Apuntes: Estructura• To form the present participle of regular -er and -ir

verbs, add -iendo to the stem of the verb.• comer: comiendo

(comer - er + iendo)• hacer: haciendo

(hacer - er + iendo)• vivir: viviendo

(vivir - ir + iendo)• escribir: escribiendo

(escribir - ir + iendo)

Apuntes: Estructura• To form the present participle of -ir stem changing

verbs, change e:i and o:u in the stem, and then add -iendo to the stem of the verb.

• servir: sirviendopedir: pidiendodecir: diciendo

• dormir: durmiendomorir: muriendopoder: pudiendo

Apuntes: Estructura• Sometimes when forming the present participle it is

necessary to change the spelling of a word so that it agrees with the way it is pronounced. We call this an "orthographic" change. Here are some common examples:

caer: cayendocreer: creyendohuir: huyendoir: yendoinfluir: influyendooír: oyendotraer: trayendoleer: leyendoseguir: siguiendo

Apuntes: Estructura• To form the present progressive, simply conjugate

the verb estar to agree with the subject of the sentence, and follow it with the present participle.

• Juan está comiendo pan.John is eating bread.

• María y Carmen están hablando con nosotros.Mary and Carmen are speaking with us.

Apuntes: Estructura• Remember, only use the present progressive for

actions that are "in progress." Compare the uses of the present indicative with the uses of the present progressive.

• Estudio español. (Present Indicative)• I study Spanish.

I am studying Spanish (these days).I do study Spanish.

• Estoy estudiando español. (Present Progressive)

• I am studying (right now, at this moment) Spanish.

Apuntes: Estructura

• It is important to remember that you would never use the present progressive to say something like "We are going to Spain this summer." Use present progressive only for actions that are "in progress."

Irresistible lyrics

• Resalten ustedes todos los gerundios, en la letra de la canción Irresistible por Winsin y Yandel colocada en el Wiki bajo estructura.

Rosetta Stone

• Continue in Core Lesson 1

• ¡No hay nada!

18/8 Bellringer

Apuntes: Estructura• A verb is a reflexive verb when the subject and the object are the same.

ex: I wash myself.subject: Iverb: washobject: myself

• The subject and object are the same, so the verb is reflexive.

ex: I wash the car.subject: Iverb: washobject: car

• The subj. and obj. are different, so the verb is not reflexive.

Apuntes: Estructura• When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in

"se."• lavar

to wash (non-reflexive)• lavarse

to wash oneself (reflexive)

Apuntes: Estructura• Here is one reflexive verb you have been using

since you began studying Spanish.• llamarse - to call oneself• ¿Cómo se llama usted?

What do you call yourself?• Me llamo Juan.

I call myself Juan.

Apuntes: Estructura• Although reflexive pronouns directly correlate to

the subject pronouns, they are not subject pronouns, rather they are object pronouns.

• me (myself)te (yourself)se (himself, herself, yourself)nos (ourselves)se (themselves, yourselves)

Apuntes: Estructura• The purpose of the reflexive object pronouns is to

show that the action of the verb remains with the subject.

• Juan se lava la cara.Juan washes his face. (reflexive)

• Juan lava su carro. (non-reflexive)Juan washes his car.

• Note: When referring to body parts, use the definite article, thus "la cara" not "su cara."

Apuntes: Estructura• Note that many verbs can be made reflexive.

When a verb is reflexive, the action remains with the subject.

• lava el perro: wash the dog (non-reflexive)lávate la cara: wash your face (reflexive)

• levanta el libro: raise the book (non-reflexive)levátate el brazo: raise your arm (reflexive)

Apuntes: Estructura

• Another type of reflexive verb is a reciprocal verb. This indicates that an action is being performed on two or more subjects. The most common translation is that two or more subjects are doing something to or with “each other”.

• Reciprocal verbs are a combination of a verb and a reciprocal noun.

Apuntes: Estructura

• Here is a list of some common reciprocal verbs:

abrazarse: to hug each other ayudarse: to help each other casarse: to marry each other conocerse: to know each other mirarse: to look at each other reunirse: to get together

Apuntes: Estructura

• Since reciprocal pronouns are the plural forms of reflexive pronouns, they are formed the same way.

nos: each other (ourselves)

se: each other (themselves; yourselves)

Apuntes: Estructura

• Here are some sentences using reciprocal verbs:• ¿Nosotros nos conocemos? (Do we know each other?)• Juan y María se casaron. (Juan and Marie married each

other.)• Los estudiantes se ayudan. (The students help each

other.)

Reciprocal verbs

• Abran ustedes el documento «Los verbos recíprocos» en el Wiki bajo estructura.

• Completen esta hoja de trabajo.

Enfoque: Spatial Prepositions

• en • sobre• debajo de• detrás de• al lado de• a • de• por encima de

Ilustren estas acciones con dibujos originales:

1. Él tiró la pelota detrás de la cerca.

2. La piscina está al lado de la casa.

3. La manzana está en el tazón.

4. El perro está subiendo a la colina.

Rosetta Stone

• Continue with Core Lesson 1 until you receive a score of at least 95%.

• If you have received this score already, move on to Lesson 1 Pronunciation.

• ¡No hay nada!

19/8 Bellringer

Escritura: Un malentendido• Creen ustedes un cuento de un párrafo,

describiendo una conversación entre tú y un hispanohablante.

• Durante esta conversación, le dices algo al hispanohablante que incluye el uso incorrecto de una preposición espacial o punto de referencia.

• Tú elegirás los detalles de la situación. • Sugerencias: instrucciones verbales por

teléfono…tratando de explicarle la ubicación de alguna cosa

Lectura: La geografía

• Lean ustedes la sección «La geografía» en la primera página de «Lectura: América central y México» que está en el Wiki>Cultura e Historia.

Apuntes: Estructura• The future tense is used to tell what "will"

happen, or what "shall" happen.• I will go to the beach next month.

I shall write the letter next week.• But, the future tense is not used to express a

willingness to do something. For this, use the verb "querer."

• ¿Quieres ir a la tienda?Will you go to the store?

Apuntes: Estructura• For actions that will occur in the near future, the

present tense is more commonly used.• Esta noche voy al cine.

Tonight I'm going to the movies.• Further in the future, use the future tense.• El año que viene iré a España.

Next year I'm going to Spain.

Apuntes: Estructura• Regular verbs in the future tense are conjugated

by adding the following endings to the infinitive form of the verb: -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -án.

• hablaréhablaráshablaráhablaremoshablarán

Apuntes: Estructura

• There are twelve common verbs that are irregular in the future tense. Their endings are regular, but their stems change. Since the endings are the same as all other future tense verbs, learn only the "yo" form and learn them as groups according to their patterns of change.

Apuntes: Estructura

• caber…cabré

• haber…habré

• poder…podré

• querer…querré

• saber…sabré

• poner…pondré

• salir…saldré

• tener…tendré

• valer…valdré

• venir…vendré

• decir…diré

• hacer…haré

Future tense

• Abran el documento «Novia del campo, amapola» en el Wiki bajo estructura.

• Lean ustedes este poema por Juan Ramón Jiménez.

• Resalten ustedes todos los verbos en el tiempo futuro.

Apuntes: Estructura• The preterite tense is used for past actions

that are seen as completed.• To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite,

simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:

éasteóamosaron

Apuntes: Estructura• To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the

preterite, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following:

íisteióimosieron

Apuntes: Estructurahablar comer vivir

hablé comí viví

hablaste comiste viviste

habló comió vivió

hablamos comimos vivimos

hablaron comieron vivieron

Apuntes: Estructura

• The preterite is used for actions that can be viewed as single events.

• Ella caminó por el parque.She walked through the park.

• Ellos llegaron a las ocho.They arrived at eight o'clock.

Apuntes: Estructura• The preterite is used for actions that were

repeated a specific number of times, or occurred during a specific period of time.

• Ayer escribí tres cartas.Yesterday I wrote three letters.

• Vivimos allí por cuatro años.We lived there for four years.

Apuntes: Estructura• The preterite is used to state the beginning or

the end of an action.• Empezó a nevar a las ocho de la mañana.

It began to snow at eight in the morning.• The previous examples all fall within the general

rule for using the preterite:• The preterite is used for past actions that

are seen as completed.

• ¡No hay nada!

22/8 Bellringer1. Encuentren ustedes la palabra del día, escriban su

definición.

2. Encuentren el modismo del día, escriban su traducción.

3. Vayan ustedes a mi Wiki>Spanish III Unit I>Grammar Exercises>Preterite Tense>Part I.

• Create sentence and picture combinations for the seven spatial prepositions: en, sobre, debajo de, detrás de, al lado de, a, and por encima de.

Apuntes: Estructura• Commands are used when ordering, or telling

someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb.

• Compre Ud. el anillo. (You) Buy the ring. • Haga Ud. la tarea. (You) Do the homework. • Compren Uds. los libros. (You-all) Buy the

books. • Hagan Uds. el trabajo. (You-all) Do the work.

Apuntes: Estructura• The formal commands are formed the same way

as the present subjunctive:

1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative.

2. Then drop the -o ending.

3. Finally, add the following endings:

• -ar verbs:-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)

• -er and -ir verbs:-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

Apuntes: Estructura• Remember, if the first person singular (yo) form is

irregular, that irregularity is carried over into the formation of the formal command.

• Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo) Have a good trip.

• Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo) Bring the money. • Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo) Come with me. • Vuelvan Uds. pronto. (yo vuelvo) Return quickly.

• Pida dinero. (yo pido) Ask for money.

Apuntes: Estructura• Note that FORMAL affirmative and negative

commands use the same verb forms.• Hable Ud. Speak. • No hable Ud. Don't speak. • Coma Ud. Eat. • No coma Ud. Don't eat.

Apuntes: Estructura

• The affirmative informal (tú) commands are formed the same way as the present indicative Ud. form:

• (hablar - ar + a = habla)(comer - er + e = come)(escribir - ir + e = escribe)

Apuntes: Estructura

• Habla (tú) más lentamente.(You) Speak more slowly.

• Come (tú) la cena.(You) Eat the dinner.

• Escribe (tú) la carta.(You) Write the letter.

Apuntes: Estructura

• Note that the negative informal commands use the tú form of the present subjunctive.

• No cuentes tus beneficios.Don't count your blessings.

• No hables más lentamente.Don't speak more slowly.

Apuntes: Estructura• Compare the affirmative informal (tú) commands

with the negative informal (tú) commands:• Cuenta tus beneficios. Count your blessings. • No cuentes tus beneficios. Don't count your

blessings. • Habla más lentamente. Speak more slowly. • No hables más lentamente. Don't speak more

slowly

Apuntes: Estructura• Also note that the subject pronoun tú is not

normally used with imperative form.• Habla más lentamente.

(You) Speak more slowly.• Come la cena.

(You) Eat the dinner.• Escribe la carta.

(You) Write the letter.

Commands

• Abran el documento Ven a bailar colocado en el Wiki bajo estructura.

• Escuchen esta canción y resalten todos los mandatos que se encuentren en el documento.

Commands• decir - di • salir - sal • hacer - haz • ser - sé • ir - ve • tener - ten • poner - pon • venir - ven

Commands• Write a “recipe” for making a peanut butter

and jelly sandwich. • Be VERY specific in your instructions!• Use informal (tú) commands.• Remember: informal affirmative and

negative commands are different! • Watch out for irregular affirmative tú

commands!!

• Complete your PB & J “recipe”.

23/8 Bellringer

Rosetta Stone

• Lesson 1 Pronunciation 90%• Lesson 1 Vocabulary 95%• Lesson 1 Grammar 95%

difícil

fácil

difícil

fácil

Enfoque: easy and difficult

• Creen ustedes una lista de sus asignaturas (su horario de clases).

• Tilden cada uno como «fácil» o «difícil».

Rosetta Stone

• Begin (or continue) Lesson 1 Vocabulary and immediately move on to Lesson 1 Grammar.

Apuntes: Estructura• There are “demonstratives” of two types:

demonstrative adjectives and demonstrative pronouns. The first step in clearly understanding these two types is to review the differences between "adjectives" and "pronouns."

• adjectivedescribes a noun

• pronountakes the place of a noun

Apuntes: Estructura• In the following sentences, the words in bold all

function as adjectives, since they all describe the noun "book."

• Give me the red book.Give me the big book.Give me that book.Give me this book.

• Notice that adjectives answer the question "Which?" in relation to the nouns that they modify. (Which book? The red book. The big book. That book. This book.)

Apuntes: Estructura• In the following sentences, the words in bold all

function as pronouns, since they all take the place of a noun.

• Maria is next; give her the ball.Juan is here; say hello to him.That pencil is yours; this is mine.This book is mine; that is yours.

• Notice that pronouns replace a noun.

Apuntes: Estructura

• The words "this" and "that" can function as both adjectives and pronouns.

• This book is mine. (adjective)This (one) is mine. (pronoun)

• That book is yours.(adjective)That (one) is yours. (pronoun)

Apuntes: Estructura• The same is true in Spanish.• Juan reads this book. (adjective)

Juan lee este libro.• Juan reads this. (pronoun)

Juan lee este.• That statue is Greek.

Esa estatua es griega.• That (one) is American.

Esa es americana.

Apuntes: Estructura• Spanish has three words where English only has

two. In English, we say "this" or "that" depending upon whether the object is close to us or not. In Spanish, we also say "this" and "that," but there is another, separate word used to mean "that one over there.”

• estethis

• esethat

• aquelthat one over there

Apuntes: Estructura• The demonstrative adjectives have four forms:• este libro (this book)

estos libros (these books)esta pluma (this pen)estas plumas (these pens)

• ese libro (that book)esos libros (those books)esa pluma (that pen)esas plumas (those pens)

• aquel libro (that book over there)aquellos libros (those books over there)aquella pluma (that pen over there)aquellas plumas (those pens over there

Apuntes: Estructura• Here are the corresponding demonstrative

pronouns:• este (this one - masculine)

estos (these ones - masculine)esta (this one - feminine)estas (these ones - feminine)

• ese (that one - masculine)esos (those ones - masculine)esa (that one - feminine)esas (those ones - feminine)

• aquel (that one over there - masc.)aquellos (those ones over there - masc.)aquella (that one over there - fem.)aquellas (those ones over there - fem.)

Apuntes: Estructura

• Each demonstrative pronoun also has a neuter form. They do not change for number or gender, and they are used to refer to abstract ideas, or to an unknown object.

• esto (this matter, this thing)eso (that matter, that thing)aquello (that matter/thing over there)

• Continue with Lesson 1 Vocabulary and Lesson 1 Grammar until you score 95%.

24/8 Bellringer

• Create a short video using animoto.com. • I have provided you with links to six photos

found on the Wiki page. Each photo is either an easy or difficult task.

• In the video, show the photo first and then the text, telling if it is fácil o difícil.

• Begin writing an email to your epal.• Talk about your classes and describe one that

is easy and one that is difficult.• Ask your epal one easy question and one

difficult question.

Apuntes: Estructura• The object that directly receives the action of the

verb is called the direct object.

• Bill hit the ball."Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit."

• Sherry reads the book."Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."

Apuntes: Estructura

• The direct object can also be a person.• Sherry hit Bill.

(DO=Bill)

Apuntes: Estructura• The direct object answers the question "what?"

or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.

• Bill hit the ball.Bill hit what?Bill hit the ball.

• Sherry hit Bill.Sherry hit whom?Sherry hit Bill.

Apuntes: Estructura• When the pronoun replaces the name of the

direct object, use the following pronouns:• me (me)

te (you-familiar)lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)

• nos (us)los, las (them, you-all-formal)

Apuntes: Estructura

• In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.

• Tengo = I haveTengo la pluma. = I have the pen.La tengo. = I have it.

Apuntes: Estructura• The indirect object (IO) tells us where the

direct object (DO) is going.• He gives the book to María.

DO=Book Where is the book going?To María. IO=María

• He gives María the book.DO=Book Where is the book going?To María. IO=María

Apuntes: Estructura• The indirect object answers the question "To

whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb is performed.

• He gives María the book.To whom does he give the book?To María. IO=María

• He buys me flowers.For whom does he buy the flowers?For me. IO=me

Apuntes: Estructura• Sometimes the direct object is not stated; rather

it is implied, or understood.• My mother writes me every week.

DO=letter (understood)IO=me(My mother writes me a letter every week.)

• She told him.DO=it (understood)IO=him(She told it to him.)

Apuntes: Estructura

• To identify the indirect object use the two guidelines:

1. The IO tells us where the DO is going.

2. The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed.

Apuntes: Estructura• When a pronoun takes the place of the name of

the indirect object, use the following pronouns:• me (me)

te (you-familiar)le (him, her, you-formal)

• nos (us)les (them, you-all-formal)

Apuntes: Estructura• In an affirmative statement with one verb, the

indirect object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.

• Juan me compra un regalo.John buys me a gift.John buys a gift for me.

• Juan te compra un regalo.John buys you a gift.John buys a gift for you.

• Juan nos compra un regalo.John buys us a gift.John buys a gift for us.

Apuntes: Estructura• Uno and una can actually be used as pronouns in

some cases. • Read the following example conversations:

Ariel: Yo tengo un perro. ¿Tienes tú uno? Ricardo: Sí, tengo uno; él es grande y tiene mucho pelo.

Manuel: Quiero arreglar un carro antiguo algún día. Sam: Humberto: Yo quiero uno nuevo.

Los pronombres

• Vayan uds. al Wiki y abran el documento «Down» bajo estructura.

• Escuchen la letra y resalten los pronombres fijados a los gerundios e infinitivos.

Apuntes: Estructura

• Spanish verbs like "gustar" require the use of an indirect object pronoun.

• Me gusta el cuarto.I like the room.

• Nos gustan los libros.We like the books.

Apuntes: Estructura• Examine the same sentences more closely.• I like the room.

• I = subject of sentencelike = verbthe room = direct object

• We like the books.

• We = subject of sentencelike = verbthe books = direct object

Apuntes: Estructura• Notice that gustar is conjugated as "gustan" not

"gusto." A common mistake is to say "Me gusto los libros." This is incorrect because the subject of the sentence is "los libros" even though it comes at the end. Remember, the verb is conjugated to agree with the subject of the sentence.

• Me gustan los libros. (I like the books.)

Notice that the conjugation of gustar changes to "gusta" when the subject of the sentence is singular.

• Me gusta el libro. (I like the book.)

Apuntes: EstructuraSingular Subject Plural Subject

Me gusta la casa. Me gustan las casas.

Te gusta el cuarto. Te gustan los cuartos.

Le gusta la silla. Le gustan las sillas.

Nos gusta el hotel. Nos gustan los hoteles.

Les gusta el reloj. Les gustan los relojes.

Apuntes: Estructura• For clarification, the sentence will often begin

with a prepositional phrase that clarifies to whom the indirect object pronoun refers.

• A él le gusta la silla.He likes the chair.

• A Juan le gusta la silla.John likes the chair.

• A ella le gusta la silla.She likes the chair.

• A María le gusta la silla.Mary likes the chair.

Apuntes: Estructura• Here is a list of verbs that operate in the same

manner:

aburrir: to bore fascinar: to be fascinating to importar: to be important to interesar: to be interesting to molestar: to be bothersome to parecer: to appear to be doler: to be painful encantar: to love (enjoy) something quedar: to be left over, remain faltar: to be lacking something or someone

Verbs like gustar• Choose at least 4 verbs from the list of verbs like

gustar.• Search for pictures in the magazines provided

you that supports your sentence.• For example, you find a picture of a man playing

golf. A supporting sentence could be “Me interesa el golf.”

• Paste your picture on the blank side of an index card and write your sentence on the lined side.

Verbs like gustar

• Now, hand your cards to your partner and have him or her show you the photo and you will respond with your sentence.

Rosetta Stone

• Begin Core Lesson 2.

• In the workbook, complete Lección I, Ejercicios 1-4.

unidad i, lección 1

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