understanding diabetes

UNDERSTANDING DIABETES

MADE BY:

JONATHAN D’SOUZAMEDICAL WRITER

WORLD BURDEN OF DIABETES

GLOBAL DIABETES SCENARIO!!

World’s population: 6,600,000,000

Population with diabetes 246,000,000

Population with HIV/AIDS 33,000,000

8 TIMES the number of people with HIV/AIDS

Projected to increase to 380,000,000 by 2025!

DIABETES IN INDIA

2013

63,000,000Number of Diabetes Patients in India 2013

77,000,000Number of Pre-Diabetics in India 2013

1,000,000Number of Indians Die Every Year Because of Diabetes

India is the new Diabetes Capital of the World ! ! !

DIABETESMore than 63 Million people have been

diagnosed with Diabetes in India. (According to International Diabetes Federation)

Metabolic Syndrome: Risk factors related to obesity

Type I: Pancreas cells produce little or no insulin

Type II: Fat, Liver and muscle cells do not respond to insulin (insulin resistance)

Gestational Diabetes: High blood sugar during pregnancy

WHAT IS PREDIABETES? Pre-diabetes is a condition in which blood

glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes.

It is a metabolic condition and growing global problem that is closely tied to obesity.

 A diagnosis of prediabetes is a warning sign about your health

While not everyone diagnosed with prediabetes will develop Type 2 diabetes, many will—and people with prediabetes are at higher risk for heart disease and stroke.

WHAT IS INSULIN RESISTANCE?

Insulin Resistance-

is a condition in which the insulin produced in the body is not utilized efficiently.

DIAGNOSING DIABETES

Less than 100 mg/dLNormal

125 mg/dL to 100 mg/dL

Pre-

Diabetes

126 mg/dL or GreaterDiabetes

Fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) results

WHO IS AT RISK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES

Type 2 is more common in people who:

Are overweight.

Are 45 or older.

Are physically inactive.

Have a parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes.

Have abnormal cholesterol levels.

Have had gestational diabetes

Have high blood pressure.

COMPLICATIONS

Diabetic Retinopathy-trouble with vision

Nephropathy- kidney problems

Heart Disease Nerve Damage

BLOOD GLUCOSE TARGETS FOR ADULTS

Pre-meal or fasting: 80-120

2 hours post-meal:

80-140

Bedtime: 80-140 or 100-

140

SELF MONITORING OF BLOOD SUGAR

On insulin: Every 6 hours

Not on insulin: Once in the morning and once in the evening

HYPOGLYCEMIC SYMPTOMS

METABOLIC SYNDROME

INTRODUCTION TO SELF-MANAGEMENT

Key elements of diabetes self-management:

Monitoring blood glucose

Taking medication

Following a meal plan

Getting regular exercise

HOW DOES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY HELP YOU?

NOT FEELING LIKE EXERCISING?

TRY

Swimming

Exercise balls or exercise bands

Walking

Stationary bikes

Exercise videos

Yoga

Local Recreation Centers

FINDING EXERCISE BORING?

Vary your routine.

Don’t be afraid to try

something new.

Participate in things

you like to do.

Use music or books on

tape to make the time

pass more quickly.

TIPS FOR SAFE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Check your blood glucose before and after every activity.

Always warm up and cool down.

Wear comfortable footwear.

Drink plenty of water.

DIABETES-HEART DISEASE FACTS

Most adults with diabetes have one ormore cholesterol problems, such as:

high triglycerides

low HDL (“good”) cholesterol

high LDL (“bad”) cholesterol

ABC’S A – A1c, or hemoglobin A1c test.

B – Blood pressure· < 130/80 mmHg for non-pregnant

adults.

C – Cholesterol· HDL (good) cholesterol – >40 mg/dl

(men); >50 mg/dl (women) · LDL (bad) cholesterol – <100 mg/dl · Triglycerides – <150 mg/dl

DIET AND DIABETES

REASONS FOR DIET

Weight control

Blood glucose control

Prevention and management of short-

term and long-term complications of

diabetes

DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIABETES

Eat more fruit and vegetables

Reduce animal or saturated fat

Cut down on sugar

Reduce salt

BALANCE FOOD CHOICES

EAT MORE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Fresh

Frozen

Dried

CHOOSE MORE HIGH FIBRE FOODS

To help maintain blood glucose levels and cholesterol levels

Fruit Vegetables Pulses Oats

Helps to maintain a healthy gut

Wholegrain cereals Wholemeal bread Whole-wheat pasta Brown rice

REDUCE ANIMAL OR SATURATED FAT INTAKE

Use low fat milk

Use low fat spread

instead of butter

Use oil high in

unsaturated fat, eg

olive oil, rapeseed

oil

USE LESS FAT IN COOKING

Grill Dry-roast Microwave Steam

CHOOSE THE RIGHT SORT OF FAT

SATURATED

• Full fat dairy produce (eg cheese, butter, full cream milk)

• Pies

• Biscuits

• Savoury snacks

• Lard

• Hard vegetable fat

MONO- UNSATURATED

• Olive oil

• Rapeseed oil

• Groundnut oil

POLY- UNSATURATED

• Sunflower oil (products)

• Oily fish

CUT DOWN ON SUGARY FOODS

Cut out sweets Cut out sugary

drinks Reduce Sugar

intake

REDUCE SALT INTAKE

Cut down on added salt

Use alternative seasonings

Look out for reduced/low sodium foods, eg. bread

Avoid salt substitutes

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Jonathan D’Souza is actively involved in providing scientific

inputs to pharmaceutical clients for the development of

clinically significant scientific content in order to enable a

smooth brand launch. He has been an essential asset who is

actively involved in the planning and management of various

brand launch strategies across pharmaceutical organizations.

In his capacity as a Medical Writer, Jonathan has been

instrumental in successfully launching several

pharmaceutical brands with a specific focus on target

segments. He is presently working as a Medical Writer and

has a keen desire to share his experience, knowledge and

expertise with others.

For any further assistance, kindly contact him on the

following email id: jonad88@gmail.com

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