trivia answers
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TRIVIA ANSWERS
What is a compound?• A compound is a lexical change
• A compound is the combination of two or more free morphemes• For example
BlackboardSomehowFootball
HighlightedWithout
QUESTION 1
What are the three types of Australian accents?
• Broad• General• Cultivated
QUESTION 2
Subsystems• Morphology• Phonology• Lexicology • Syntax
• Semantics• Discourse analysis
QUESTION 3
Factors of language change• International – globalisation
• Electronic – increase of technology, mobile phones, computers, internet • Cultural - migration
• Social – gendered differences
QUESTION 4
Verbification • ‘Verbification’ is a lexical change• Ship – boat / to send something
• Train – vehicle / • Stop – spot of breaking / to end doing an action
• Technically a noun, but has a separate meaning as a verb
2 POINTS
QUESTION 5
2 minutesRevise your answers
BREAK
Process of stealing words from another language
• Known as ‘borrowing’• Classified as a lexical change
• Enables us to expand our language
QUESTION 6
What is the proper name for ‘verbification’?
• Conversion• The creation of a word from an existing word without any change to its form• Usually seen through the additional verb meaning what was originally a noun
QUESTION 7
Describe a lexical change• Admission or exclusion of words – YOLO/ Jargogle
• Names• Acronyms• Compounds• Affixation• Blends
• Conversion
QUESTION 8
Acronym example• Acronyms are lexical change• YOLO – You only live once
• ANZAC – Australian and New Zealand Army Corps • SAC – School assessed coursework
• ICT – information and communication technologies
QUESTION 9
Taboo word categories• ‘Dirty words’ – associated with sex or excretion – shit, fuck
• Religious words – blasphemy – god, Christ, jesus • Animal words – bitch, cow
2 POINTS
QUESTION 10
2 minutesRevise your answers
BREAK
Significance of Proto-Indo-European language
• From which English stems from• Furthest root of the contemporary English language
• From where English originated
QUESTION 11
What is narrowing?• Narrowing is a semantic change
• When a word comes to mean only a part of what it originally meant • For example;
In the past, hound meant any type of dogNow it refers to a specific form of dog
• The meaning of this words has been narrowed, as it is now specific
QUESTION 12
What is broadening?• Broadening is a semantic change
• The expansion of contexts in which a word can appear • For example
The word bludger used to refer to a very specific person who lived off the earnings of a prostitute Now it has an expanded meaning to a more generalised term of someone who lives off the efforts
of others• The meaning of this word has been broadened as it has a more general meaning
QUESTION 13
How names manipulate meaning• Usually a word is a sign to signify something specific, for example spoon
• Giving something a name, which is not a word in any language, creates a new word specifically for the conjured idea of something
• For example GUCCI Gucci is not a word in any language, however it carries meaning of the international
designer brand. This word has connotations of what it is, even though it is not a word in nay language
QUESTION 14
What is schwa? Example • / Ə /
• Schwa (lack of ) is a phonological change • Schwa refers to the mid-central vowel sound or the neutral vowel sound
• A in about• Missing schwa – I in family
2 POINTS
QUESTION 15
2 minutesRevise your answers
BREAK
Blending • Blending is a lexical change
• Blending refers to the contraction of two or more existing words • For example
SMOGSMOKE + FOG
QUESTION 16
Affixation• Affixation is a lexical change
• Affixation refers to the combination of bound morphemes with free morphemes • For example
Exploration Ation is a bound morpheme
Yet the word it originates from, ‘explore’, is a free morpheme
QUESTION 17
What is etymology?• Etymology refers to the history of words; their origins, how their form and meaning
have changed over time • The etymology of a word refers to the origin of that word
• For exampleteacher (n.) “one who teaches," c. 1300; agent noun from teach (v.). It was used
earlier in a sense of "index finger" (late 13c.).
QUESTION 18
One distinguishing feature of Australian accent
• Vowel phonology – phonemic length distinction• non-rhotic – no /r/ sound at the end of a syllable or directly before a consonant
• Pronunciation – stress and weak forms evident in isolated words
QUESTION 19
What is shift? Give an example• Shift is a semantic change
• Shift refers to the complete changed meaning of a word • For example
Wicked – used to mean evil “She was a wicked woman”Now it means good, cool, great “That ride was so wicked, let’s do it again!”
QUESTION 20
BONUS QUESTIONWORTH 4 POINTS!
BONUS
Name the four most recent stages of English and their
dates
BONUS
BONUS
450 AD 1660/1100 AD
1450/1500AD 1660 AD
OldEnglish
MiddleEnglish
2 points
Late modernEnglish
4 points
Early modernEnglish
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