transportation funding commissions ii
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ani and lt it up to ot to obin
to option into a poliy appoa wit pi
nu ll T oiion b bli
bot appoa w alid and a ti pot
dibility and tayin pow.
coiion b aid ty aid o ipliityand adability in ti nal pot.
In addition to idntiyin nd and nu op-tion, oiion alo onnd tl wit
t potntial aiation o ination.
coiion b aid nal pot a otnjut t binnin o a po, lpin to a
t dbat. Otn, ty aid, t a ut b ad
to t publi and to poliyak lon at t
nal al a o down.
coiion b aid ty aid to build tipot o t lon t and o an xtndd l li.
coiion ound tat n wn a oiiona don it job, t nub a la, t pobl
i appant, t lon-t outlook appa blak,
t lok i tikin, and t poliy option a wll-
dnd, poliyak an did to kik t andown t oad on o ti bau o onoi
and budtay aliti, lutant ono o any
nub o ot ato.
Pinciples of Tnspottion Fnding
CoissionsWil a tat a uniqu tanpotation and
politial alln, t oiion xpd any
o t a pinipl wit wi to aluat nu
option. coiion b aid ty wantd
undin olution tat not only ad iniant nu
potntial, but alo w:
fai and quitabl; Iplntabl; Diid; eint in t ot o olltion; sutainabl o t lon t; Indxd to ination; rti o t u pay, u bnt pin-
iplTanpotation u nd to a dit
onntion btwn t ty pay and t
tanpotation ailiti ty u.
eay to undtand and akt to t publi andpoliyak;
suppoti o pin t xitin tanpotationyt;
suppoti o a ulti-odal tanpotation yt; suppoti o tanpotation pojt tat ait
wit onoi dlopnt and onoi owt;
mauabl and tanpant;
Tatin pi outo; and Ddiatd to tanpotation and not aily ditd
to ot budt pioiti.
Fnding & Finnce OptionsWil t oiion a wokin o t a
playbook in t undin option ty a to onid,
patiulaly wn it o to to ani tat
an podu iniant nu, t a o int-
tin din in ow ty iw dint option.
so o t ndin o t panl:
mot tat likly wont b abl to tap nal unddolla to upplnt tanpotation und in t
oin ya du to ot -inain budt-ay nd in aa lik alt a and duation.
Wil tollin and publi-piat patnipP3ay b an option o o tat and o
pojt, ot will a a o diult ti
puuin to option du to all population
(vont) and politial oppoition (sout caolina).
mot oniz tat publi-piat patnip
annot b t nti olution to undin nd and
tat ty dont pnt ony. so tat
(sout caolina) onizd a nd o id li-
lation wit ad to P3 oit. Ot n-
tiond tat dal ulation ain an obtal
to tollin on o oad. But t sout caolina
oiion alo onizd tat ot o ti20-ya nd inol t aintnan o xitin
oad o upad o loal oad, pojt tat will
likly not b uitabl o tollin.
stat a lookin to i loal onnt otool to add tanpotation nd, patiulaly
ot-nltd tanit yt.
sal tat xpd an intt in powinional tanpotation ditit to ly al tax
to lp t add ti pi nd.
ExECuTIvE Summary
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T oiion onizd tat ila -bad will o tan likly b t utu o tanpo-
tation undin. But wil ty tink a tanition to
u a yt i initabl (pap in l tan a
dad), ty dont tink tat tanition i ii-
nnt. Tnoloial, adinitati and piay on-
naon ot iuain to b old.
so bli to iu would b bt addd
at t dal ll. Inti tp to a ila-bad
yt, ow, ould b onidd in o
tat. Wionin oiion popod a ila-
bad itation bad on odot adin
a a low-t tp towad u a yt.
coiion a o attntion to u o altnati ul, lti and non-otoizd
il. Tou ty a not likly to podu
iniant nu anyti oon, ty ould lp
ll t playin ld by ttin own o to
il to pay ti ai a o upkp o t
nation oad.
sal tat uppotd al tax o a ix o al
and inad a tax, but oiion -b xpd aution about tpoay al tax
ina. Ty a, by dnition, not utainabl
and an put lon-t pojt in jopady i to
nu wont b aailabl in t out ya a a
pojt i opltd.
Otcoes of Coission
recoendtions in 2013 In a o t tat, lawak onidd
tanpotation undin lilation in t 2013 li-
lati ion.
vont aw pap t ot u wit law-
ak appoin ina in a and dil tax. so o to inold wit tat oiion and
at tat dpatnt o tanpotation now nd
tl ad wit llin ti onda-
tion to a la audin in antiipation o a pu
o lilation in 2014.
so oiion b xpd ti blitat topap olution, tpoay tax and nal
und tan an b ountpoduti in ty
do littl to add lon-t otall and otn
ind o iniant olution lat i politiian
an lai w did otin on tat lat ya.
so tat dpatnt o tanpotation udoiion ndin to iplnt po and
pojt dlopnt ipont, iny -
ot and ot an tat did not qui a ot
o t lilatu.
so oiion b aw it a an ao-plint tat ti nal pot ot t inoa-
tion out about wat t utu would look lik o
ti tat und dint nu naio and
tat ti nal pot an now b ud to lay t
oundation o an onoin dbat and lp to build
an ntual onnu.
How Sttes view the Fte of the Gs TT a tax i till n by o a at lat pat o
t ot-t olution to lp t tanpota-
tion nd. Tat dpit t ality tat aiin
a tax in any tat in nt ya a bn
diult.
so oiion bli it ay b poibl topolon t li o t a tax by indxin it to
ination, blndin in a al tax and by diiyin
tanpotation nu ou.
coiion oniz t a tax i not tlon-t olution du to inain ul iny,
popl diin l and ot ato.
Shoing up the Pblic Tst coiion b aid an ipotant pat o
akin t a o nw tanpotation nu
inol oin up publi tut in onnt
ani and in tanpotation diion akin.
coiion tout it wa ipotant tat nw
nu b ddiatd to tanpotation o tax-pay an a ait ti ony will b ud a
intndd and tat wat ty payin bl a
u .
sal tat ondd takin ation to po-tt tat tanpotation tut und o aid by
tat onnt to ll ot budt ol.
ExECuTIvE Summary
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minnesot Tnspottion
Finnce adiso CoitteeEstablishedinJanuary2012byGov.MarkDay-
ton,MinnesotasTransportationFundingAdvisoryCommitteewaschargedwithdevelopingrecommen-dationsforthenext20yearstofundandnancethestateshighways,roads,bridges,publictransportation,air,railandportfacilities. 1
CharlieZellewasamemberoftheadvisorycommitteeandlaterwasappointedbyDaytonascommissioneroftheMinnesotaDepartmentofTransportation.Hecamefromtheprivatesector,servingaspresidentandCEOofJeffersonLines,aTwinCities-basedbuscompany,beforetakingoverascommissioner.Itreallywasachargefromthegovernortotake
alookatthreescenarios,ZellerecalledinanApril2013telephoneinterview.One,whatwouldbetheoutlookunderourcurrentsourcesofrevenueoverthenext20years?Then,whatwouldbetheoutlookifwemaintainedthecurrentperformanceofourexistingsystemwhatwouldbetheunder-funding,
whatwouldbethegapunderallthemodes?Andthen,over20yearsifweweretobeaworldclasssystem,howmuchadditionalresourcesitwouldtakeforthat?2Zellesaidthethree-scenarioapproachprovideda
goodwaytoframethedebatebyfocusingcommitteemembersonwhatconstitutedaworld-classtrans-portationsystemandwherethefundingshortfallswereacrossthedifferenttransportationmodes.Theworld-classscenariowasnotintendedasapurelyaspirational,unattainablegoal,butasarealisticas-sessmentofwhatitwouldtakeforMinnesotatobecompetitivewithotherstatesandregions.
Ithinktherewastalkaboutifitspoliticallyfeasible,hesaid.Wedecidedthatsnotourjurisdic-tion,thatsnotourcharge.Ourchargeisnottojudgewhetherwethinkitsviablepolitically,butwhatisjustpurelythearithmeticofifwechooseascitizensandasgovernmenttobecompetitive,thisiswhatitwilltake.Daytonaskedthecommitteetoaddressitsrecom-
mendationsnottohim,buttothepeopleofMin-nesotaandallpolicymakersinthestate,Zellesaid.Andhetaskedthecommitteewithmarketingitsnalreportandusingitasthebaselineforamorerobustconversation.
Thecommitteedevelopedalistofprinciplesforthegenerationoftransportationfunds.Theyin-cluded: Fundingsolutionsmustbefairandequitable; Fundingsolutionsandrecommendationsmustbelongtermandsustainable;
Transportationrevenuesmustincreaseastheeconomygrows,whetherthroughindexingorothermeans;
Userfees,suchasthemotorfueltax,mustbeapartofthesolutionsopeopleknowwhatproductorservicetheyarepurchasing;
Fundingsolutionsmustembraceefciencyinthecostofcollections;
Revenuestreamsmustrecognizedifferentneedsofvariousgeographiesaswellasvariousmodesoftransportation;
Transportationfundingsourcesshouldbespecicinnatureandtargetspecicoutcomes;
Fundingandnanceoptionsareresponsivetochangesintechnology,demographicsandtheeconomy;and
Fundingsolutionsmustbemarketable. 3Zelleexplainedthelastprinciple:Wedidcon-
siderthatthereshouldbesomesimplicityintermsofknowingthatwhateverthefundingmechanism,weneedtoexplainthisanditneedstobeunder-stood.Ithinkthatanumberofexpertswhocameintogiveadvice(tothecommission)weresayingdonttrytogetcaughtupinverycomplicatedthings,whichdontreallyprovidethatmuchresourcesorthatmuchbenet.Butthatsnottosaythatprinciplewouldpreclude
asomewhatmorecomplexfundingsolutionliketheonepassedin2013inVirginia.IwouldsaythattheVirginiaideaofhavingasale
taxonmotorfuelsandloweringthe(pergallon)gastaxinmyviewthatsjustavariationonathemeandmanyofthosethemesarealreadydescribedinthisreport,hesaid.Theresnorecommendationnottodothat.(Thecommissionsreport)justkindofshowsabuffetofoptionswethinkwhichsolvethefundingbyspreadingoutandusinganumberofdif-ferentresources.Amongthecommitteesrecommendationsare
systemwiderevenueoptionsforroads,including: Increasingthemotorvehicleregistrationfeestoraiserevenueby10percent,whichwouldgener-ate$1.1billioninnewrevenueduringthenext
I think thee ws tlk bot if its politicll fesible,
We decided thts not o jisdiction, thts not o chge. Zelle
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20yearsfortheHighwayUsersTaxDistributionFund.
Increasingtheper-gallonexcisetaxrateonmotorfuelstogenerate$15.2billioninnewrevenuedur-ingthenext20yearsfortheHighwayUsersTaxDistributionFund.Thecommitteealsorecommendedthreetransit-
dedicatedsalestaxoptions,including: Adding$0.005totheexisting$0.0025salestaxfortransitintheve-countyTwinCitiesmetropolitanarea,whichisestimatedtogenerate$200millionannually.
Directing$32millionannuallytoGreaterMin-nesotaTransittoaddressstatutorilyrequiredservice.
Capturingtheremainingleasedvehiclesalestaxfromthestategeneralfundestimatedat$32millionannuallyfortransportation.Thecommitteeincludedlocalgovernmentrevenue
optionsaspartofitsrecommendations,including: Expandingtheoptionofthewheelagetaxfor80countiesintheGreaterMinnesotaarea,includingraisingthecaplimitfor87counties.Theexisting
wheelagetaxaddsa$5surchargetolicensetabpurchases.
EnablingthelocaloptionfortheformationofTransportationImprovementDistricts.
Enablinglocaloptionsalestaxesfortransporta-tionin80countieswithouttheneedofareferen-dum.
Expandingtheregionaltransitcapitallevyakatransittaxingdistrictintheentireseven-countyTwinCitiesmetropolitanareaandusingthefundsforcapitalandoperatingneeds. 4
Zelleexplainedthephilosophyofincludingtheselocalstrategiesinthereport.Ithinkthereisanoverallphilosophytoprovide
greaterexibilityandgivelocalauthoritiesoppor-tunitiestohelpsolvesomeoftheirissuesattheirlevel,hesaid.Wheelagetaxesandsomeotherself-imposedfeesaresometimesveryhelpful.Itsnot(stategovernment)passingthebuck.Itsmoretosay(localities)needtohaveothercreativesourcesoffundingthatgobeyondjustpropertytaxes.Countiesandtownshaveagreatburdenofincreasesinprop-ertytaxesoverthepastsix,seven,eightyearsandyettransportationisoneoftheitemsthattheyfeel(is)veryconstrained.(TheMinnesotaDepartmentofTransportation)certainlyservesasagreatpartner,butMnDOThasneverbeenthetotalsolutionfor
manycountyandlocalroads.
Finally,thecommitteeofferedaseriesofproject-levelrevenueoptions,including: ExpandingtheMnPASSelectronictollcollectionsystemanddedicatingrevenuetomulti-modalenhancementsonmanagedlanes.
Employingvaluecaptureconceptsaroundtransportationimprovements.Valuecapturemechanismstakeadvantageofincreasesinprop-ertyvaluesresultingfrompublicinvestmentsininfrastructure,transitandtransportationtofundfurtherinvestmentsorrepaytheinitialpublicinvestment.
Exploringthefollowingitemsmoreindepth:tollingoptionstargetedfornewcapacity,public-privatepartnershipopportunitiesforenhance-mentandnancialleveragingoftransportationprojects,andmonetizingtransportationassetstogeneraterevenue.
Continuingthestateroleinbondingforlocalroadsandbridges,transit,ports,passengerrail,freightrailandsaferoutestoschool.5Zelleisquicktonote,however,thattransportation
nancetoolsliketolling,P3s,assetmonetizationand
valuecapturearenotandcannotbethetotalsolutiontomeetingthestatestransportationneeds.Sometimespeoplethinkwithpublic-privatepart-
nershipsthatmoneywilljustfallfromtheheavens,hesaid.No,thatdoesntactuallyprovidetherev-enue.Obviously,tollingcombinedwithsomeotherthingscan.Butitisawaytodrivegreaterefciency.Clearlythemessagethereisthatthereisnoonesolu-tion.Theresreallyamixand(theyneed)tobeusedintheappropriateplaceattheappropriatetime.Ithinkthephilosophythereisnottoleaveanygoodtoolsoffthetable.WhenZelledescribeswhathastranspiredsincethe
committeeissueditsnalreportinNovember2012,
hiscommentssoundsomewhatmeasured.Itsaveryhelpfulframingdocumentandmore
andmorepeopleareawareofit,hesaid.Ithasbeenpresentedtothelegislature,boththeSenateandtheHouse.Itsbeentalkedabout.Chambersofcommercehaveseenit.Chambersofcommercehaveusedit.Ithinkrightnow(April2013)aswegetintothebeginningofthelastmonthofthelegislature,itscertainlybeenaguideforsomelegislatorstosaythisiswhatweshouldpropose.ButitwasGov.MarkDaytonsreluctancetoget
behindsomeofthecommitteesrecommendationsthatcontributedtopreventingthemfrombecominga
realityin2013.
Thee is n oell philosoph to poide gete eibilit nd gie locl
thoities oppotnities to help sole soe of thei isses t thei leel, Zelle
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Ithinkthegovernorhasembracedpartofitandactuallyusedittohelprecommendahalf-centsalestaxincreasewithinthe(TwinCities)metropolitanareatobuildoutthetransitsystem,Zellesaid.Hehadbeenreluctantinthislegislativesessiontoproposeanyfueltaxincreasesoranyreallylong-termsolutionsforhighwaysandbridgesbecausehedoesntfeelwevereallydoneenoughtoreallytakethe(committees)recommendationsandpaintabet-terpictureofwhatthiswillactuallymeanintermsofmaps,actuallistsofprojectsandtoreallykindofgetoutintothestatetokindoftalkaboutwhatdoesthismeanforeachcommunity.Zellesaidthatmeanshenowwearsanewhatthat
ofasalesman.Thegovernorhaschargedhimwithgatheringinputandtalkingabouttheresourceneedsaroundthestate.HestalkingaboutwhatMinnesotawouldlooklikeinthenext20yearswithoutthefundingandhowthatfundingcanmakeadifference.(Thecommittees)reportisagreatrststepbut
itsmoreofthearithmeticandweneedtobackitupwithabiggerpicturetohelpcitizensunderstandthat
morefeescanactuallybemeaningfullybenecialtotheirlives.Itsnotoftenthatwereaskedtokindofmakethecase.Alotofstateagenciesatleastthisonehaveneverreallybeeninanadvocacyrole.Weremoreanalysts,hesaid.Animportantpartofmakingthecase,Zelle
believes,isshoringuppublictrustintheagenciesofgovernmentandintransportationdecision-making.Ithinkitstrueforeveryagency,hesaid.Ithink
wecandomuchbetteratdevelopingthatpublictrusttohavealittlemoretransparencyandalittlemoreunderstandingaboutwheretaxpayerdollarsarebe-inginvestedandIthinkthatsdenitelypartofit.Zellewilltaketheremainderof2013tomakethe
casetothepublicandtoaskthelegislaturetotakeupamorespecicsetofrecommendationsduringits2014session.Ithinkthegovernortotallyunderstandsand
appreciatestheunderfundingandthelong-termimportance,butsometimesitshardtogeturgencytosolvewhatsreallyalong-termissue,hesaid.Weveactuallyinvestedquiteabitandmadegreatprogressoverthelastthreeorfouryears,andreally,thechal-lengenow,istokindofkeepgoing.
Ble ribbon Citizens Coittee on
missois Tnspottion NeedsTheBlueRibbonCitizensCommitteeonMis-
sourisTransportationNeedswasa22-memberpanelcreatedinMarch2012bythespeakeroftheMissourHouseofRepresentativestoexamineMissouriscurrentandfuturetransportationneedsandexplorepossiblesolutions.Itsgeographicallydiversemem-
bershipcamefrombothprivateandpublicsectorperspectives.6BillMcKenna,whoworkswithatransportation
stakeholderadvocacyorganizationcalledtheMis-souriTransportationAlliance,servedasco-chairoftheBlueRibbonCommittee.HeisapastchairoftheMissouriTransportationCommissionandaformerpresidentprotemoftheMissouristateSenate.Thecommitteeheldaseriesofsevenregional
meetingsthroughoutthestateattendedbyhundredsofMissourians.Committeemembersheardsomecommonthemes,McKennasaid.Numberone,everyplacewewent(whatwe
heard)was,Takecareofwhatyouhave,takecareof
theexistingsystem,dontletitgetanyworsethanitis,hesaidinanApril2013telephoneinterview. 7Stateofcialsrealizedthatsortofdeclinemightbe
possibleafterafewyearsinwhichthedepartmentoftransportationfounditselfushwithcash.In2004,Missouripassedaconstitutionalamend-
mentthatmovedhalfofthesalestaxesoncarsandtrucksfromgeneralrevenuetothestateDepartmentofTransportation.Theintentofthatwastojumpstartthingsthat
hadbeenonthedrawingboardforyearsandyearsandyearsclosingcorridorswhereyouhad10milesdonehereand20milesoverhereandnothingin
between,McKennasaid.Soforaboutfourorveyears,thecontractedprogramfromthedepartmentwasabout$1.3billionayear,whereitusedtobeonlyabout$600millionor$700million.TheAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct
allowedthestatetoextendtheprogramanotheryear.Thestatehadalotofconstructionandwasabletomakealotofimprovementsininfrastructureandsafetymanythingsthatthestatewasunabletoac-complishduetolackofmoney.Andthepeoplesawhowwelltheroadsgotim-
provedandthatpeakedabout2010andthentheystart-edgoingdown,hesaid.Ineachyeartheygodownalittlebit.Werebacktothe$600millioninconstruction,
whichhardlytakescareofwhatwehave.Missouriansalsotoldthecommitteethestates
transportationneedsaremulti-modal.Whatweheardinallpartsofthestatewasthat
transportationismorethanroadsandbridges,McK-ennasaid.Itsalsoports.Missourisgottwohugeriv-ersrunningthroughittheMissouriandMississippi.TwoofthebiggestrailhubsinthecountryareKansaCityandSt.Louis.Andthenpublictransit;thestatespendszilchonpublictransitinMissouri.Andsotheothermodesoftransportationareimportantalloverthestateaswell.Publictransitismoreimportantinurbanareas.Maybeportsandotherthingsaremore
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importantinruralareas.Buteverywherethatissuewasbroughtup.Amongtheotherconsistentthemesthecommittee
heard: Safetymustcontinuetobeapriorityfortranspor-tationinvestments.
Missouridoesnothavethenancialresourcestostrategicallyexpandthetransportationsystemandrespondtoemergingtransportationneeds,es-peciallythoserelatedtoeconomicopportunities.
Ahealthyandimprovedtransportationsystemiscriticaltothestatesfutureeconomicgrowth. 8Finally,McKennasaid,whatbecameclearfrom
theregionalmeetingsisthatthestatedepartmentoftransportationiswellregardedbythestatesresidents,somethingthatisntalwaysthecaseinotherstates.ImalsowithagroupcalledMissouriTransporta-
tionAlliancethatsbeendoingpollingandourpollstertoldusaftertherstpollthathehadtogobackandaskthequestionagainbecausehedidntbelievethatapublicagencywasgettingthepositive
numberstheyweregettingatMoDOT,hesaid.Hethoughttherewassomethingwrongwiththewaytheyaskedthequestionsoabouthalfwaythroughthepoll,theyredidthequestionbutitstillcameoutthesame.McKennasaidtransparencyandaninclusive
planningprocessareamongthekeystothedepart-mentssuccess.Theyreveryopenandtheyfoundthatthatworks
waybetterthantryingtodostuffbyforcingitdownanybodys(throat),hesaid.Whensomebodydoesntgetaproject,becauseoftheopennesstheyunderstandwhy,becausetherewereotheronesthatweremoreimportantwiththeamountofmoneythatisavailable.Sopeopleunderstandevenwhentheygetanoanswer
andIthinktheyrespectthat.Alsokeytothedepartmentssuccess,McKenna
said,istheright-sizingoftransportationprojectsinMissouri.Weusepracticaldesignandhavebeendoingthat
forabouteightyears,hesaid.InsteadofbuildingaCadillachighway,webuildaniceChevrolet.Itstillfunc-tionswellandweencouragecontractorsiftheyhaveanideatocomeforwardand,ifitdoesntimpactsafetyorquality,thenwellgoaheadandadoptit,andinsomecasessharethesavingswiththecontractorsoitmakesthembethinkingallthetimeaswell.McKennabelievesthepositiveviewMissourians
haveofthedepartmentoftransportationputstheShowMeStateaheadofthegamewhenithastoconvincevoterstosupportadditionaltransporta-tionrevenues.Itcertainlymakesiteasierbecauseifyourea
votingcitizenandsomebodysaskingyouformoney,youremoreapttosayyesifyoutrustthattheylldowhattheysaytheyregoingtodo,theylldeliverontimeandonbudgetandtheyhaveahistoryofthat,hesaid.MoDOThasaverygoodtrackrecordthesepasteightyears.ButMissourifacesahighhurdlethatsetsitapart
fromotherstateswhenitcomestoalteringthetaxlandscape.Votershavetoapprovetaxincreasesofmorethan$70million,McKennasaid.Thelegislatureshandsaretiedasfarastaxin-
creasesareconcerned,hesaid.Thatsonereasonthestatehasntapprovedagas
taxincreaseinmorethan20yearsandwhythestatewouldfacechallengesinpullingoffsomethingliketheplanapprovedinVirginiathisyearthatzeroedoutthestatesgastax,replacingitwithawholesale
taxandboostingstatesalestaxes.Thestatemightbeshootingitselfinthefootifit,forinstance,loweredonetaxandthenexpectedthevoterstoinstalladif-ferenttaxinitsplace.Whenyoustartloweringthings,youretaking
awaymoneythatyoualreadyhave,McKennasaid.Therecurringthemesheardbythecommittee
wereusedtoinformthepanelsrecommendations,whichincluded: Investinganadditional$600millionto$1billionintransportationeachyearinordertoaddresscriticaltransportationneeds.
Adoptingasolutionthatisfair,accountable,inclusiveandtransparent.
Dedicatinganynewrevenuetotransportation.Taxpayersshouldfeelcondentthattheresourcesarespentpreciselyasintendedandnotdivertedtootherareas,thepanelconcluded. 9ThecommitteesnalreportalsonotedthatMoDOT
cannotcutitswaytomeetingitsneedsandrecognizedthedepartmentseffortstosavemoneyandndef-ciencies,whichincludedtheeliminationofmorethan1,200jobs.Finally,thecommitteesaidmeetingthestatestrans-
portationneedslikelywillrequireacombinationofsolutions.Thecommitteecannotrecommendanyonesolu-
Eebod ndestnds the gs t is not the w to fte fndtnspottion, mcKenn
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Soth Colin Tnspottion
Infstcte Tsk FoceCreatedinAugust2011bytheSouthCarolinaDe-
partmentofTransportationCommission,theTrans-portationInfrastructureTaskForcewasa16-memberpaneloftransportationprofessionalsandprivatecitizensthatissueditsnalreportinDecember2012.Thegroupwaschargedwithlookingforwaysto
enhancerevenuesthroughbothimprovedefcienciesandincreasedfunding.12CraigForrestchairedthetaskforce.Hesanat-
largememberoftheSCDOTCommission,a27-yearveteranoftheMarylandDepartmentofTransporta-tionandaformerdirectoroftransportationplanninginBaltimore.Whilehewouldhesitatetosaythetaskforcefacedlimitationsonwhatitcouldconsider,theywereacutelyawareofsomepoliticalrealitiesthatinuencedtheirnalrecommendations.Certainlytherewerevery,verystronghints
mainlyfromthelegislature(saying)dontcometouswithareportthatsaysraisethegasolinetax20centsandithasntbeenraisedsince1987,hesaid.Itsstill
thefourthlowestinthenation.Iguesstherewasageneralconsensusamongthelegislatureandthegovernorthatwenotmakespecicrecommendationsasfarasamountsareconcerned.Thatsnotthewaywestartedout.Whilethetaskforceleanedtowardspecicrecom-
mendationsregardingmoremoneyfromthegastax,italsorealizedthat,becauseofthecautionsfromthegovernorandlegislature,thatraisingthegastaxalonewouldntbeenough.Wecantraisethegastaxhighenoughtoaddress
theneeds(that)weidentiedas$29billionoverthenext20years,hesaid. 13
Thetaskforcealsorecognizedthegastaxwasfallingoutoffavoraroundthecountry,forvariousreasonsitsusuallynottiedtoination,carsareget-tingbettergasmileage,peoplearedrivingless.Soweknewthatthegastaxwasntgoingtobe
ourfriend,sotospeak,andwealsoaftertalkingtoalotofpeoplerealizedthatpushingthegastaxtendstoallowthelegislatureespeciallytosortofhaveacop-outthathey,weregoingtoraiseitbutthatsallweregoingtodo,Forrestsaid.Hesaidthetaskforcespenttherstsixmonthsof
its14-monthexistencereceivingpresentationsonthetransportationneedsthestatefaces.Abouthalfwaythroughthatsix-monthtimeframe,
wecametotheconclusionthatifwewantedtohavethisthingbecrediblethatwehadtomakeitrstofallverysimple,veryreadableandthereshouldbethreethingsthatneededtostandout,hesaid.Thatwastheidenticationoftheneeds,themenuofop-portunitiestoraiseadditionalfundingforthedepart-mentandtheramicationsifwedontdoanything.Whenthereportcameoutinitsdraftform,I
wasalittledisappointedinthelengthofit,butthemoreIreadit,thebetterIlikeditinthesensethatitsreadable,itsunderstandable,itstucktowhatourpremisewasandalsoitconnectedthedots.Ifyoucouldntunderstandthisevenifyouwerealayperson
asitrelatedtotransportation,somethingwaswrong.Ithinkithadalltheingredientsforonetomakealogicalconclusionastowhatshouldhappenandwhattheneedsofthedepartmentare.Thecommitteesreportrecommendedalistof18
potentialrevenueenhancements: Increasingthe16.75centpergallonuserfeeonmotorfuel;
Indexingandremovingthesalestaxexemption
onmotorfuels; Increasingdriverslicensefees; Increasingautomobileregistrationfees; Increasingtruckregistrationfees; Increasingordedicatingmoreoftheelectricpowertaxtotransportation;
Increasingtolling; Reningthestateslawgoverningpublic-privatepartnerships;
Increasingtheuserfeeonvehiclepurchases; Supplementingthehighwayprogramwithgeneralfunddollars;
Establishingasafetysurchargeoneachinsuredvehicle;
Establishingafeeforencroachmentpermits,whichallowfortheplacementofaprivatelyownedstructureinthepublicright-of-way;
Establishinguserfeesforownersofalternative-fuelvehicles;
(Eventually)establishingvehiclemilestraveledfees;
Dedicatingseverancetaxesonfossilfuelsex-tractedfromtheearthtohighwayfunding;
Establishingastatefeeonrentalcars; Establishinguserfeesforelectricandnonmotor-izedvehicles;and
Creatingincentivesforlocalgovernmentstoas-
sumeownershipofsecondaryroads,particularlythosethatservelittleornostatewideornationalpurpose.14Ofthoserecommendations,thecommitteerecog-
nizedoneofthemostcontroversialwouldbeincreas-ingthenumberoftollroadsinthestate.Wewereverycognizantofwhatshappening
inVirginiaandNorthCarolinaasfarastollingisconcerned,especially(on)theI-95corridor,Forrestsaid.TheCarolinasandespeciallySouthCaro-linaareveryreluctanttoembracethetollingofroads.SouthCarolinahastwotollroads,apublic-private
partnershipthatwentbankruptandoneonHilton
HeadIsland.Weknewitwasgoingtobeasensitiveissueinthe
legislatureandwhatwetriedtodoismakesurethat
We wee e cogniznt of whts
hppening in vigini nd Noth Colin
s f s tolling is concened, especill
(on) the I-95 coido, Foest
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theyunderstoodthattollfacilitiesortollingdoesnotdoanythingasfarasmaintenanceorllinginpot-holes(onexistingroads),hesaid.Weweretalkingaboutlargemillionandbilliondollarprojects,suchasourI-73fromtheNorthCarolinalinedowntoMyrtleBeachandsoon.Inadditiontofundingandnancingmechanisms,
thetaskforcealsolookedcarefullyattheissueofthestatestransportationtrustfundandwhetheritcouldberaidedtollotherbudgetholes.Wehaveatrustfundsotospeakbutitsvery,
veryloose,Forrestsaid.Theonlythingthatreallygoesinthereforallpracticalpurposesisthegastaxofabout$400millionayearand$600million-plusoffederalaid.Wethoughtlongandhardabouttheissueofatruetransportationtrustfundaftertalkingtovariousstates.Forrestbelievesalessuidtrustfundcanbean
importantpartofconvincingthepublicthattheirtransportationdollarsarebeingusedasintendedandthattheycantruststatetransportationofcialswithadditionalrevenues.
ThequestionofadditionalfundingcomeswithsomestringsattachedtoitandIdothinkthatoneofthethingsthatwehearconstantlyiswhatdoyoudowithyourmoney,especiallyfromthegeneralpublic,hesaid.OneofthethingsthatIvebeentry-ingtostresswiththedepartmentandthesecretary,evenbeforethisreport,wasthattheonlywaythatwegaintrustisifwedeliverwhatwesaidweweregoingtodeliver.Soifwegetanadditional$1billionayear,those
projectsthatareowinginrevenueenhancementprojects,sotospeakbetterhaveablinkingredstarsopeoplecantrackthemveryeasily.Becausethenexttimeandweknowtheresgoingtobe
anexttimethree,ve,seven,10yearsdowntheroad(when)weregoingtoneedadditionalfundingandoneofthethingsthatyouregoingtobeaskedisWhatdidyoudowiththefundingthatwegaveyouhopefullybackin2013or2014or2015orwhatever.Andtomethattrustonlyoccursifyoudeliverwhatyousaidyouweregoingtodeliver.Forrestsaidthetaskforcehadrealisticexpecta-
tionsabouthowitsrecommendationswouldbereceivedinthe2013legislativesessionandwrotethenalreportwiththelongterminmind.Wethoughtthattruthfully(thetransportation
issue)probablywouldnotbeaddressedinthis
(legislative)session,hesaid.(But)Ivebeenon
the(SCDOT)Commissionalittleoverthreeyearsnow(and)thisisthersttimethattransportation,includingfunding,hasgottensometraction.Peoplearestartingtotalkaboutitandwebelievethatthisreportallowsthemtotakealookataveryreadablereportandsomethingagainthatconnectedthedotsthaallowsthemtotakesomeactionsthissessionandusethereportfor(future)sessions.Still,Forresthasbeenpleasantlysurprisedbythe
reactiontothecommitteesrecommendations.OnesurprisewasthefavorablereceptionbytheHouseandSenatestaff.Ibelievethatthatwasasurpriseinthesensethat
therewasnogrumblingandIthinkbecausetheyhadthecasebeforethemanditwasvery,verydifculttoshootholesinit,hesaid.Ithinkwhathashappenednow,becauseofthewaythereportisconstituted,istheydonthaveanycover.Thereportlaysoutthestatestransportationneed
andthetaskforceisavailabletoansweranyques-tions.Itoffersalistof18opportunitiestoraisead-ditionalmoney,Forrestsaid,andpointsoutwhatcould
happenifthestatedoesntact.TheSouthCarolinalegislatureconsideredanumber
oftransportationfundingproposalsinthe2013session.Legislatorsultimatelyapprovedabillthatcouldraisemorethan$800millionforroadsandbridges,drawingtheadditionalfundingfromamixofrevenuefromabudgetsurplus,whichwillgotofundbridgerepairs,re-allocatedmotorvehiclesalestaxes,whichwillgotowardrepairingsecondaryroads,andborrowing. 15
Forrestworriesabouttemporaryfundingsolu-tionsfromsourceslikebudgetsurpluses.Ifrevenuesarethereoneyearandgonethenext,thestatedepartmentoftransportationwouldfacesignicantchallengesinitssix-yearplanningprocess.
Whathappenswhenthat$100milliongoesawayinthethirdyearofyourprogramandyoustillhaveaprojectthatsgotthreemoreyearstogoandyouredependingonthatfunding?hesaid.Forrestalsoworriesthatastopgaportemporary
fundingmeasurein2013mightactuallyprovecounter-productivesinceitdoesntfullyaddressthelarger$1.4billionshortfallthestatefaceseveryyear.Imalittleconcernedthatwhen2014rollsaround
ifyousayHey,you(only)addressedaquarterofourneeds,(thelegislatureis)goingtosayWell,hey,wegaveyouahundredortwohundredmilliondollarsad-ditionallylastyear.(But)itsmainlygeneralfundsand
thathasstrings(attached)andalsoitsnotconsistent,
We cnt ise the gs t high enogh to ddess the needs (tht) we
identied s $29 billion oe the net 20 es, Foest
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Economicefciencyandimpactconsiderations,includingtheextenttowhichthemechanismprovidesincentivesforefcientuseofthesystembyinuencingtravelchoicesandbehavior.
Equityconsiderations,includingacrossincomegroupsandgeographies.Gastaxes,thecommitteesaid,continuetomeasure
upwellagainstthosecriteria.Amajorbenetofgasolinetaxesisthataslight
rateincreasecouldgenerateasignicantamountofrevenue,andfeesarerelativelyinexpensivetoadministerinrelationtoyield,thecommitteesreportreads.Thecollectionmechanismisalready
inplaceasthetaxiscurrentlycollected.However,itwillrequireperiodicadjustmentsthroughlegislativeactiontokeeppacewithinationandtooffsetdeclininggasolineconsumptionasvehiclesbecomemoreefcient.19Searlesandcommitteemembersbelievethegas
taxalsocanprovideabridgetothefuture.Oneofthethingsthatcameoutof(thebackand
forthcommitteedeliberations)thatisimportantrightnowandimportantforthefuturewasthewholeideathatthevolatilityofthegastaxcanbedealtwithatleastinpartbyablendofpergallonandsalestax,Searlessaid.
AplanconsideredbythelegislatureinAprilwoulhaveaddeda4percentsalestaxandreducedthepergallongastaxby7.5centstocreatea50-50balanceinthegastax.Thiscameoutofcommitteediscussionsand,also,
welearnedthatotherstateswerecomingtothesameconclusion,hesaid.Werehopefulthatthiswillextendthelifeofthegastaxasaviablepartoftherevenuestream.
Whatultimatelytranspiredduringthe2013legisla-tivesession,though,wasacompromisebrokeredbyGov.PeterShumlinthatraisesthedieseltaxby3centspergallonovertwoyearsandraisesthegastaxby6.5centspergallon.Thecompromisejettisonedameasuretochainthegastaxtoinationrates,whichwouldhavetranslatedintoautomaticincreasesofaquarterofacentpergallonannually.Theapprovedlegislationsetsupaprocesswherebygastaxratescanbereviewedonceeverythreeyears.20Thegastaxincreasewillhelpthestateraise$36.5
millionintransportationrevenuestoavoidlosingouon$56millioninfederaltransportationfunds.Butextendingthelifeofthegastaxandaddressinglong-termfundingneedswillhavetowait.Beyondthreetoveyears,giventhedeclining
consumptionofgasolineinthestate,wevegottonsomeotheranswer,Searlessaid.AndImnotex-actlysurewhatthatwillbebut(mileage-baseduserfees)certainlyreceivedalotofattentioninconversationsincommittees.Inaddressingsuchfees,alsoknownasvehicle
milestraveledorVMTfees,thecommitteefoundthatsuchaVMTfeesystemwouldbebothmoresustainableandmoreequitablesinceitwouldnotbeinuencedbyincreasingvehiclefuelefciencyortheuseofalternativeenergysources.
Butthecommitteealsonotedthat,ImplementingaVMTfeesystemwillbetechnologically,adminis-trativelyandpoliticallycomplex.VMTuserfeesarefarfromacceptedorwellunderstoodbythegeneralpublic,legislatorsandtransportationprofessionals.21
Still,Searlespredictsmileagefeesarelikelyonthehorizoninthenottoodistantfuture.WhenIrstenteredintothisdiscussionwith
peoplewhoknowalotmoreaboutthisthanIdo,theyweretalking10or15years,hesaid.Andinaboutayearstime,thatsnowbeingdiscussedintermsofsevento10years.Sogiventhefactthatthetechnologysalreadyoutthere,itcouldbelesstimethanmanyofusthink.Ithinkthebigchallengesare
theacceptabilityofthistothepublic,particularlyintermsofprivacyandtheavailabilityandcostofthetechnologyandsoon.Butyeah,Ithinkthatswherewereheadedanditprobablyisoutsideofveyearsbutsomethinglessthan10.SearlessaidVermontandotherstatescouldpursue
interimstepssuchasavoluntaryannualodometercheckontheirwaytoafull-edgedmileage-basedtransportationsystem.Becauseofthegastaxdiscus-sion,manypeoplearesayingelectricvehiclesarentpayingtheirfairshare.Now,therearentenoughelectricvehiclesyetto
makeitasignicantnancialcomponentofwhat
I think the big chllenges e the
cceptbilit of (ilege-bsed se fees)
to the pblic, pticll in tes of
pic nd the ilbilit nd cost of the
technolog nd so on. Bt eh, I think
thts whee wee heded, Seles
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Eliminatethesalestaxexemptiononthetrade-invalueofavehicle. 24Gottliebsaidtherecommendationsreectedsome
principlesthatbecametouchstonesforthepanel.Theydecidedfairlyearlyonthattheywantedas
muchaspossibletomaintainauserfee-fundedtrans-portationsystem,hesaid.Andthealternativestheytalkedaboutwerereallyuserfee-orientedalterna-tivesprimarily.
Membersalsowantedrecommendationsthatwereimplementableandlaidoutneedsandcoststoachievecertainobjectives.Thatamountedtoabout$6.8billioninnewrevenueover10years;roughly$2billionofthatwouldmakeupforshortfallsandabout$4.8billionwouldhavebeennewspendingfortheidentiedneedsnotcurrentlysupported.Muchofthatnewrevenuewouldcomefromthe
proposed5-centgastaxincrease.Butitwasthecommissionsrecommendationofamileage-basedregistrationfeethatGottliebfoundmostinterestingandthat,hebelieves,couldpavethewaytoamoresustainablefuture.Thepanelwasinterestedinamileage-baseduserfee,butsawchallengesofimple-mentingitatthestatelevel.Theimplementationcostsarefairlyhigh,there
aretechnologicalissuesasIthinksomeotherstatesarestartingtoseenow,andthenthewholeprivacyissue,hesaid.TheythoughtifwegetintosomesortofwhattheycametorefertoasahightechVMTmodel,wemightselectthewrongtechnologyandwhenanationalsystemdevelops,wellhavetohaveado-over.Buttheywereverysupportiveofmileage-based
feesbecausetheyareuser-basedandtheyarepropor-tionaltoeachsystemuse.Sotheyaskedthedepartment(oftransportation)totakealookatwhatwecouldpro-
poseorshowthemwhatcametobecalledthelow-techVMTapproach.Welaidoutforthemwhatwerefertoasmileage-basedregistrationfee.Gottliebsaidthecommissionultimatelyproposed
addingtotheexistingat-rate$75annualregistrationfeeanadditionalfeebasedon1.02centspermileforeverymiledrivenstartingat3,000milesandendingat20,000miles.Sowewouldchargeamileageregistrationfee
foramaximumof17,000milesperyear,hesaid.
The3,000mileexemptionatthebeginningwastwothingstocompensateforpeoplethatjustdontdrivealotandthinkingthattheir$75feeshouldcoverthemandthenalsoallowingfortheissuethattheresdrivingoutofstateandyouwanttocompen-sateforsomeofthedrivingthatpeopledooutsideofWisconsin.Themileage-basedregistrationfee,onaverage,
workedouttoa73percentincreaseintotalregis-
trationfees,sothecommissionrecommendeda73percentincreaseforcommercialvehicleregistrationfeesaswell.Inadditiontothestaterevenueoptions,thepanels
nalreportalsoissuedaseriesofndingswithregardtopolicyissuesgoverningtransportationfundingandnanceinthestate.Thepanelexpressedsupportforlegislationthatwouldallowregionaltransportationauthoritiesandcountiesunderacertainsizetoraisefundsthroughaonehalf-centmaximumsalestax.Wehaveasituationwherenotonlyatthestate
level,butatthelocallevelaswell,wehaveaverynarrowfundingbasefortransportationandIthinkthecommissionrecognizedthattherewereneedsonthelocalsystemandIthinktheseprimarilyrelatedtotransitbecausewedonthave(regionaltransitauthority)legislationinthestate,Gottliebsaid.Afterhearingfrommanytransitadvocates,the
commissionrecommendedgivinglocalgovernments,eithersinglyorascooperativegroups,theabilitytoputtogetherregionaltransportationauthorities,whichwouldgivelocalgovernmentstheabilitytolevyasalestaxwithincertainlimitsandtosupporttransit.Inruralareaswithouttransitservice,Got-tliebsaid,transportationauthoritiescouldusesomeofthattaxingauthorityfornontransittransportationimprovements.
Theresalotofconcernthattransitsystemsjustdonthavetherevenueoptionsthattheyneedtobesustainable,hesaid.Thecommissionalsoexpressedsupportfor:
Cappingdebtservicepaymentsfortransportationprojectsatamanageablelevelascomparedtoannualtransportationrevenues;
Indexinggastaxesandvehicleregistrationfeestoprovideinationaryadjustmentsovertime;and
EncouragingCongresstosupportfederallegisla-
I think thees bod nge of thinking tht if oe going to sk people to
p highe se fees, whethe its gs t, egisttion fee o
whtee, people wnt to he soe leel of cofot tht
tht tl is se fee fo tnspottion, Gottlieb.
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tionthatgivesstatesmoreexibilitytotollontheNationalHighwaySystem.CurrentfederalregulationsontollingcreateanobstacletoitsimplementationinWisconsin,theyfound. 25Finally,thecommissionexpressedsupportfora
proposedstateconstitutionalamendmenttoprotecttheintegrityofWisconsinsTransportationFund,somethingthathasbecomeanissueintheBadgerStatemuchasithaselsewhere.Itsbeenabigissuebecauseofover$1billion
intransfersthatweremadeinseveraloftherecentbudgets,saidGottlieb.Ithinktheresabroadrangeofthinkingthatifyouregoingtoaskpeopletopayhigheruserfees,whetheritsagastax,registrationfeeorwhatever,peoplewanttohavesomelevelofcomfortthatthattrulyisauserfeefortransportation.Thisissuewasareallybigpoliticalissueinthestateforawhile.Therewereaseriesofadvisoryreferendathatwereputontheballot.Thereferendumpassedinall50ofthestates72
countieswhereitwasconsidered.Thelegislaturegavenalapprovaltotheamendment,soifvotersapproveitinNovember2014,itwillbecomepartofthestateconstitution.Thecommissionsotherrecommendations,
however,havenotfaredaswellintheWisconsinlegislatures2013session.Gov.ScottWalkerdidnotincludethepanelsrevenuerecommendationsinhisproposed2013-15budget.Gottliebsaidtherewereacoupleofreasonsbehindthatdecision.Oneisthecommissionreportwasjustsofresh
atthatpointandtherewascertainlynoconsensusthatsdevelopedabouthowbesttoraiserevenuesfortransportation,hesaid.Also,thegovernorwas
notinclinedtoreallyraisetaxesatallinthisbudgetbecauseoftheeconomicrecoverythatweretryingtogettotakeholdandsoforth.Butthatdoesntmeanthepanelsworkwasallfor
naught,Gottliebcontends.Thecommissiondidalottoshowatthelevelsof
investmentthatwereatrightnowwhatsgoingtohappentopavementconditiononourstatesystem,whatsgoingtohappentocongestion,whatsgoingtohappentotransitsystems,whatsgoingtohappentodifferentmodalactivitiesandthatinformationisouttherenow,hesaid.AndIthinkthereisconsensusdeveloping.Iseeitintalkingtolegislators.Ithink
thereisalotofrespectfortheworkthecommission
did.AndIthinkthatthecommissiondocumentreallydoeslayafoundationforadebateordiscussionthat,Ithink,justabouteverybodyinthestateagreesthatwehavetohaveabouthowgoingforwardarewegoingtocreateasustainablenancingstructurefortransportation.SoIthinkthecommissionsworkinthatrespectwasextremelyvaluable.Ithinkitsgoingtoinformthisdebateforyears.Moreover,Gottliebsaid,nooneonthecommission
everthoughtthejobwouldbedonewiththe2013legislativesession.Itwasnotaone-and-done,hesaid.Ithinkthe
reporthasalotofshelflife.Ithinkitwillbethefoun-dationaldocumentfordebatingtheinvestmentsthatwehavetomakeintransportationfortheforesee-ablefuture.AndGottliebthinksthespecicityoftherecom-
mendationsandthecarewithwhichtheywereas-sembledbothaddtothereportsvalue.Theinterestingthingwasnottherevenuetools
(themselves)butthewaythecommissioncombinedtheminathoughtfulwaytomeetavarietyofdif-ferentpolicyobjectives,hesaid.Theobjectivetoraisetherevenueraisethe$6.8billionthatspartofit,buttheotherpartofitishowdoyouraiseit,whopaysit,whydodifferentgroupsanddifferentuserspaydifferentamounts.And,Ithinkthattheythoughtfullyputtogetheravarietyofrecommendationstomakesurethat,really,theywerecreatingsomethingthatwasefcienttoadminister,equitableandalso(that)metourneeds.Gottliebisquicktocreditthelegislaturewithhaving
theforesighttocreatethecommissionintherstplace.(It)wasnotsomethingthatwasrequestedby
thedepartmentoftransportation.Itwasnteveninthegovernors(proposed)budgetin2011.Itwassomethingthatarosefromthelegislature,hesaid.Politiciansarentalwaysknownforthinkingaboutlong-termproblemsandlong-termsolutions.SoIthinkitsacredittoourpolicymakersthattheyreal-izedbackthenthatwehaveanissueherethatreallyneedstobethoughtthroughbecauseweregoingtohavetosolvethisproblem.Finally,Gottliebnotedthecommissionsnalre-
porthasalreadybornefruitinhowthestatedepart-mentoftransportationdoesbusiness.ThetaglineofthereportwasSmartInvest-
ments,MeasurableResultsandabigpartofwhat
The coission did lot to show t the leels of inestent tht wee
t ight now whts going to hppen to peent condition on o stte
sste, whts going to hppen to congestion, whts going to hppen totnsit sstes, whts going to hppen to dieent odl ctiities nd tht
infotion is ot thee now, Gottlieb.
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thecommissionwantedtodowastomakesurethat(since)wewereaskingpeopletomakethesead-ditionalinvestments,thattherewerestrongmetricstomeasurethatthisisgoingtoprovideenhancedmobilityandqualityoflifeandeconomicgrowthforourstate,hesaid.Wehaveaperformanceimprove-mentprogramatthedepartmentthatsbasedaroundthevecoregoalsofouragencymobility,account-ability,preservation,safetyandservice.Wehadthe
commissionlookingathowwedobusinessinterms
ofourmaintenancemodelsandoutsourcingandtraf-coperationsandsafetyandthingslikethat.Itgaveusagoodopportunitytotalkthroughsomeofthosethingsastohowweredoingbusiness.Andthereweresomeprocesschangesthatwethinkaregoingtobevaluableforusgoingforwardthatweretalkedaboutandrecommended.
Sean Slone, CSG Program Manager f or Transportation Policy | sslone@csg.org
References
1Minnesota Transportation Finance Advisory Committee. Summary Report and Recommendations.No-
vember 30, 2012. Accessed from: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/tfac/docs/TFACSummaryReportNov30.pdf2Telephone interview with Charles Zelle. April 16, 20133Minnesota Transportation Finance Advisory Committee.4Ibid.5Ibid.6Blue Ribbon Citizens Committee on Missouris Transportation Needs. Final Report. December 2012.
Accessed from: http://www.house.mo.gov/billtracking/info/BRC_Report.pdf7Telephone interview with Bill McKenna. April 11, 2013.
8Blue Ribbon Citizens Committee.9Ibid.10Ibid.11Ashley Reynolds. Proposed sales tax for transportation projects dies in the Missouri Senate.KY 3 News.
May 17, 2013. Accessed from: http://articles.ky3.com/2013-05-17/transportation-projects_3934320812South Carolina Department of Transportation Commission. Transportation Infrastructure Task Force Final
Report.December 6, 2012. Accessed from: http://www.scdot.org/inside/pdfs/TITF_Final_Report.pdf13Telephone interview with Craig Forrest. April 8, 2013.14SCDOT Commission.
15Tim Smith. Haley signs $700 million transportation bill.The Greenville News. June 24, 2013. Accessed
from: http://www.greenvilleonline.com/article/20130624/NEWS/306240038/?nclick_check=116Section 40 Committee on (Vermont) Transportation Funding. Final Report: Vermont Transportation
Funding Options.January 8, 2013. Accessed from: http://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%2
Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdf17Telephone interview with Brian Searles. April 8, 2013.18Section 40 Committee.19Ibid.20Nat Rudarakanchana. Shumlin-brokered compromise transportation package breezes by House and
Senate in same day.The Vermont Digger. April 24, 2013. Accessed from:http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/21Section 40 Committee.22Wisconsin Transportation Finance and Policy Commission. Keep Wisconsin Moving: Smart Investments,
Measurable Results.January 2013. Accessed from:
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/about/tfp/docs/keep-wi-moving-report.pdf23Interview with Mark Gottlieb. April 9, 2013.24Wisconsin Transportation Finance and Policy Commission.25Ibid.
mailto:sslone%40csg.org?subject=http://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://vtdigger.org/2013/04/24/shumlin-brokered-compromise-transportation-package-breezes-by-house-and-senate-in-same-day/http://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfhttp://www.aot.state.vt.us/Documents/Sec%2040%20Funding%20Study%20-%20Final%20Legislative%20Report%20Jan%208%202013.pdfmailto:sslone%40csg.org?subject=
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