transport and health (physical activity)

Transport and Health (Physical Activity)

Enrique R. Jacoby PAHO/WHO

IV Congreso de Transporte Sustentable Ciudad de Mexico, 27-29 octubre 2008

LAND USE PATTERNS

TRANSPORT

HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS

WALKING & BIKING TRIPS

Proximity and Connectivity

Urban Density (Residents/Ha)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

AtlantaNYC

PerthVancouver

ZurichMunich

BangkokTokyo

S PauloCuritibaH KongKrakowBogota

ShangaiHo Chi Min

Kenworthy and Laube, Murdoch University, Australia

Daily Walking or Biking Trips (%)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

AtlantaNYC

PerthVancouver

ZurichMunich

BangkokTokyo

S PauloCuritibaH KongKrakowBogota

ShangaiHo Chi Min

Kenworthy and Laube, Murdoch University, Australia

50 liters of gas / year

3,000 liters gas / year

LAND USE PATTERNS

TRANSPORT

HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS

WALKING & BIKING TRIPS

LAND USE PATTERNS

TRANSPORT

HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS

Less Chronic Diseases

WALKING & BIKING TRIPS

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

30 minutes a day or 150 minutes a week of moderate physical activity

45% Colombians are physically active

45% Colombians are physically active

36%

Colombian National Nutrition Survey, 2005

45% Colombians are physically active

36%

9%

Colombian National Nutrition Survey, 2005

LAND USE PATTERNS

TRANSPORT

HIPOTESIS

Less Chronic Diseases

WALKING & BIKING TRIPS

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

?

LAND USE PATTERNS

TRANSPORT

HIPOTESISHIPOTESIS

Less Chronic Diseases

WALKING & BIKING FOR

TRANSPORT

AB

Commuter Walking and Biking studies have shown to:

• Reduce all cause mortality (Anderson et. al., 2000)

• Improve cardio fitness with trips 3Km/d/4 days-week (Hendriksen, 2000; P. Oja, 98)

• Reduce the risk of colon CA and breast CA in women (Matthews, 2007)

• Be associated with reduced obesity (Bessett, 2008; Wen & Rissel, 2008)

• A 31% reduction in CVD risk and 32% reduction in all-cause mortality in a meta-analysis of 18 walking studies (Hamer and Chida, 2008)

Influence of Walking, Cycling

and Utilitarian P.A. on Mortality,

Shangai, China

Mattews CE, Jurj A, Xiao-ou Shu et. Al. Am J Epi, 2007

0

10

20

30

40

50

Lowest Some Medium High

Mattews CE, Jurj A, Xiao-ou Shu et. Al. Am J Epi, 2007

P Trend = 0.000

Independent protective effects of all utilitarian activities on mortality risk,

Shangai, China

Physical Activity Dose (MET hrs/day)

Pro

tect

ive

Eff

ect

Policy Issues

LAND USE PATTERNS

TRANSPORT

HIPOTESIS

Less Chronic Diseases

WALKING & BIKING

P.A.

Air Quality & ↓GHG

Road Safety

Social cohesion

“I have found that, in most but not all cases, the best ethical and environmental choices also happen to be the best choices for our health ─very good news indeed.”

Michael Pollan, In Defense of Food

TransportPublic Health Sustainable Development

Transport

Public HealthSustainable Development

Human MobilityTOD

Transport

Public HealthSustainable Development

Power to redefine and create new markets

Transport

Public Health

Climate Change

Sustainable Development