transferring behavior to new settings and making it last: generality of behavior change chapter 16
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Generality
• Trained behavior transfers form training situation to natural environment
• Training leads to development of new behavior that has not been specifically trained
• Trained behavior is maintained in the natural environment over time
Stimulus Generalization
• Behavior becomes more probable in the presence of the stimulus or situation as a result of having been reinforced in the presence of another stimulus or situation– Physical similarity– Stimuli in common-element class– Stimuli in equivalence class
Response Generalization
• Behavior more probable in the presence of a stimulus or situation as a result of another behavior having been strengthened in the presence of that situation– Considerable physical similarity of responses– Minimal physical similarity of responses– Functionally equivalent responses
• Different responses that produce the same consequences
– Cooking dinner – different methods, food produced• Behavioral momentum – as a result of
reinforcement, probability of other functionally equivalent responses increases
Programming
• Two important situations:– Training situation– Target situation – where we want the
generality to occur
• The more physically similar the training and the target situations are, the more stimulus generalization will occur
Programming Operant Stimulus Generalization
• Train in the target situation– Want the final stages to be in a
situation as close to target as possible– Best way train in target situation
• Vary the training conditions– Greater variety of stimuli during
training means there is greater probability that the stimuli will be present in target situation
Programming Operant Stimulus Generalization
• Program Common Stimuli– Use stimuli that are present in both the
training and target settings
• Train Sufficient Stimulus Exemplars– Training occurs in large number of
situations and to large number of stimuli
– General case programming
Programming Operant Response Generalization
• Train sufficient response exemplars– Star, stars– Apple, apples, plant, plants
• Vary the acceptable response during training– Creativity
Programming Operant Behavior Maintenance
• Want behavior to last• Depends upon whether behavior
will continue to be reinforced• Behavioral Trapping
– Design program so it matches the contingencies available in natural envinronment
– Behavior will be trapped – maintained – by natural environment
Programming Operant Behavior Maintenance
• Change the behavior of people in the environment– Work with people in environment to teach
them to reinforce appropriate behaviors
• Intermittent schedules of reinforcements in target situation
• Give control to individual– Assess and reinforce own generalized
behavior– Recruit a natural community of reinforcement
• Feedback from people around
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