towards developing an sds solution portal naicong li stephen daugherty steve paplanus
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Towards Developingan SDS Solution Portal
Naicong LiStephen Daugherty
Steve PaplanusNathan StroutLisa Benvenuti
Serene OngMartin Wong
The Redlands Institute, University of Redlands
AAG 2009, Las Vegas, NevadaMarch 22 – 27, 2009
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Outline
• The needs of Spatial Decision Support (SDS)• Incremental development of the SDS portal• Conceptual framework for the content on the portal• SDS Knowledge Portal• SDS Resource Portal• Conclusion and future work
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
The needs of Spatial Decision Support (SDS)
Easy access to SDS resources, and understanding of their functionalities
• Software tools• Models• Data sources• Workflows• Case studies• Literature
Intended users• People facing spatial decision problems - decision
makers, practitioners, etc.• University researchers and students
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Vast amount of SDS resource related information out there...
Requirements on the SDS Portal
• SDS Resources characterized with a standard set of searchable parameters
• Consistent presentation of information• Consistent use of terminology within a user community• Same conceptual framework organizing everything
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Organization of the SDS resources requires a systematic understanding of the field of spatial decision support:
• The nature of spatial decision problems• Decision context• Decision process• Methods and techniques• The application domains of the SDS resources• Functional components of spatial decision support systems
and tools• ...
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
SDS portalevolution
KnowledgePortal
- User accessing knowledge about SDS
ResourcePortal
- User seeking resource info
(1)Ontologies as the Conceptual framework for SDS
provide content for and organize information on the portal
SolutionPortal
- User seeking resource recommendations
Incremental development of the SDS portal
Conceptual framework for the content on the portal
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Component ContentIntroduction Definition of spatial decision support, the related fields of study, the
basic concepts related to the notion of decisionDecision context
The context in which to frame a decision: decision problem types, application domains, institutional, legal, social, cultural, geographic contexts of a decision
Spatial decision process
Knowledge about spatial decision processes: major phases and sub steps during a structured spatial decision process; typical spatial decision process workflows for different application domains
Methods and techniques
Methods and techniques used during a spatial decision process
Technology Technology available for SDS, including equipment and software, especially the spatial decision support systems and tools. Related information on information systems, general SDSS functionalities
People and participation
Collaborative dimension of decision making process, decision process participant roles
Domain data and knowledge
Data, data models, domain models
Resources SDS software systems and tools, domain models, related literature, case studies, related websites, data sources, data models, decision process workflow templates, organizations and people referred to elsewhere in the ontologies
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Conceptual framework for the content on the portal
Inside the ontologies:• SDS related concepts, organized into • Hierarchies/graphs, with each concept defined by• Name, synonyms, acronyms/abbreviations• Description,• Set of formally defined attributes• Set of formally defined relations to other concepts
Developing a Conceptual Framework for Spatial Decision SupportAll decision process start from a decision problem, which exists in a
decision context
Decision objective
Decision problem type
Application domain
Institutional context
Legal contextSocial context
Cultural context
Geographical context
Time frame
Spatial decision problem
Spatial Decision process
• Assessment• Impact assessment• Status assessment• Suitability assessment
• Planning• Alternative evaluation• Plan evaluation• Select or allocate
• Location allocation• Resource allocation• Site search or selection
• Network design• Schedule
• Plan performance evaluation
SDS Knowledge Portal
SDS Consortium 2008
Issue articulation
Condition assessment
Process mapping/Agenda
DesignChoiceImplement
Review/Evaluate
Monitor Structured spatial decision process
Continuous decision improvement process
Spatial Decision process
Choice
• Specify criterion weight• Impact analysis• Rank alternatives• Sensitivity analysis• Recommend alternative• Create action plan• Visualization
Design
• Alternative generation• Alternative screening• Concept design• Detail design• Visualization
Issue articulation
• Stakeholder engagement• Problem identification• Visualization
Condition assessment
• Evaluation criteria specification
• Constraints specification• Data development• Models development• Situation assessment• Visualization
Decision process phases and steps
SDS Knowledge Portal
Rank alternatives
Rank alternatives
input
• Set of alternatives
• Recommendation group• Advisor
participant
role types
• Decision maker • Resource manager • Resource owner • Stakeholder representative• Decision analyst• GIS analyst
participant roleassumed by
commonly
used
methods• AHP• Value/Utility function
method• Ideal/Reference point
method• Simple additive
weighting method• ...
• Ranked alternatives output
Zoom in to the step “Rank alternatives”
a step in
ChoiceSynonymsPrioritize options
Definition:Alternative ranking is a process during which a set of alternatives (for the solution of the decision problem) is ranked based on a set of evaluation criteria, with the alternative that based meets the criteria ranked on top.
Source of description:...
Editor:...
SDS Knowledge Portal
A method used for this step – simple additive weighting
Simple additive weighting method
Simple additive weighting method
Abbreviation:SAW
Synonyms:weighted summation; boolean overlay; weighted linear combination method; WLC; scoring method
Definition:SAW is a multiattribute procedure based on the concept of a weighted average; it calculates a total score for each alternative by multiplying the importance weight assigned to each attribute by the scaled attribute value and summing the products over all attributes; the alternative with the highest overall score is best; the procedure can beperformed using GIS supporting overlay operations.
Source of description:Malczewski 1999, p.199
Decision typeDeterministic decision problem Individual decision making Multiattribute decision making
Decision Maker Interaction LevelModerateEditor...
input
• Attribute score • Criterion weight
• Ordinal rankingoutput
is a kind of
Multiattribute decision rule
used for Alternative ranking
imple
mented
by
• IDRISI• EMDS• ...
discussed in
...(publications)
SDS Knowledge Portal
EMDS – a tool implementing simple additive weighting
EMDS
EMDS
Name:Ecosystem Management Decision Support
Acronym:EMDS
Overview:The Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system provides decision support for integrated landscape evaluation and planning. The system provides decision support for landscape-level analyses through logic and decision engines integrated with ArcGIS 8.1+. The logic engine evaluates landscape data against a formal logic specification, designed with NetWeaver Developer, to derive logic-based interpretations of ecosystem conditions such as biodiversity and sustainability. The decision engine evaluates NetWeaver outcomes (and data related to additional factors such as feasibility and efficacy of land management actions) against a decision model for prioritizing landscape features with decision models built in Criterium DecisionPlus
Platform:Windows XPCost:Free
...
used for decision process phase/steps
• Condition assessment• Choice• ...
methods implemented
• Multiattribute decision rule
• Uncertainty methods
accept data of process types
• Biophysical process• economic process• management process• Social process• ...
tool maker• EMDS Consortium
analysis extent
• User specified
analysis unit
• User specified
software required
• ArcGIS 9.x• Crriterion Decision Plus• NetWeaver
used in case studies
• Sandy River Basin Anchor Habitat Project
• ...
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
SDS portalevolution
KnowledgePortal
- User accessing knowledge about SDS
ResourcePortal
- User seeking resource info
(1)Ontologies as the Conceptual framework for SDS
provide content and organize information on the portal
SolutionPortal
- User seeking resource recommendations
Incremental development of the SDS portal
Conceptual framework for the content on the portal
(2)(1) + more resource categories and instances
SDS ontologyevolution
Design considerations for SDS ontologies
Parameters for describing SDS systems and tools
• name• acronym• summary• overview• toolmaker• URL• decision problem types targeted• decision process steps served• methods and techniques
implemented• model application areas• data models used• input data format• output data type• analysis extent• analysis unit
• supports multi spatial scale analysis
• supports analysis of interdisciplinary interactions
• supports social negotiation• description of system components• software required• indicators used• used in case studies• platform• scientific expertise level required• technical expertise level required• developer support needed• development status• online download available• cost• information source
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Tools can be browsed by
• Alphabetic order• Decision process steps they serve• Model application area
Tools can be searched by multiple criteria
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Design considerations for SDS ontologies
Parameters for describing data sources
• name• URL• data provider• data topic• data content type• data access mode
Design considerations for SDS ontologies
Parameters for describing case studies
• project name• summary• overview• decision problem type• decision objective• institutional context• legal context• social context• cultural context• geographical context
• decision process steps involved• methods and techniques used• tools used• decision process participants• start year• end year• success factor• lessons learned• citations• URL
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
(3)(2) + more workflow information and reasoning rules
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
SDS portalevolution
KnowledgePortal
- User accessing knowledge about SDS
ResourcePortal
- User seeking resource info
(1)Ontologies as the Conceptual framework for SDS
provide content and organize information on the portal
SolutionPortal
- User seeking resource recommendations
Incremental development of the SDS portal
Conceptual framework for the content on the portal
(2)(1) + more resource categories and instances
SDS ontologyevolution
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Conclusions and future work
• We have developed a set of ontologies to organize the body of knowledge in SDS and resource information
• We have developed a SDS Knowledge and Resource Portal based on the SDS ontologies
• The Portal can be used to browsed and search SDS related information and resources in multiple ways
• The Portal can be used as a learning tool
• More SDS resource collections• Develop reasoning capabilities to make search
smarter
Thank You
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Towards Developing an SDS Solution Portal
Ontology-based approach
Practical definition of “ontology”:
A domain specific ontology is constructed on the basis of a controlled vocabulary whose meaning is agreed upon by the members of a particular user community. An ontology is a classification system, contains the conceptual categories in this domain, and for each category, the defining attributes of this category, and the various relations that this category bears to other categories. A category has instances sharing the same defining attributes and relations of this category; the difference in their attribute values make them distinct individuals.
Ontology language used in this project: OWL
SDS Resource Portal development workflow
html docs
portalweb pages
SDS ontologies TopBraid Composer ontology editor
User
tables on SharePoint
export
convert
export
add new resource info
access existing SDS resource infoaccess
top related