topic: biochemistry aim: what is the stuff that makes up stuff? do now: list 3 ideas and explain 1....

Topic: BiochemistryAim: What is the stuff that makes up stuff?

DO NOW: List 3 ideas and

explain

1.2.3.

Life Science is the study of living things

such as plants and animals

that study non-living systems

Physical science is the study of the properties and structures of matter, space and time

Physical Science

When these world collide!

•Smallest unit of matter known.

•Composed of protons, neutron, electrons

•100 million atoms lined up in a row = one centimeter

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects.

example: A desk, the air, There are 90 naturally occurring kinds of atoms. Scientists in labs have been able to make about 25 more.

Types of subatomic particlesCombine with electrons and (usually) neutrons to make atoms

Protons are nearly the same size as neutrons and are much larger than electrons.

Protons have a positive electrical charge

Types of sub-atomic particles

Neutron does not have an electrical charge called a neutral chargeNeutrons and protons are almost exactly the same size but much larger than electrons

Types of subatomic particles

Electrons have a negative electrical charge

Found on electron clouds surrounding the nucleus

•A pure substance that consists of entirely one type of atom•Represented by letters or symbols•Approximately two dozen are found in living things

In total, 117 elements have been observed as of 2007, of which 94

occur naturally on Earth.

How do I read the periodic table?

Atomic number: # of protons

There are an equal number of electrons

as protons

Atomic Mass: # of protons + # of neutrons

Examples of elements

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Sodium

Chlorine

Potassium

Sulfur

OH

CNa

SN

KCl

•Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elementsMost abundant compound on Earth is___________

water

• Are expressed through formulas1.Chemical formulas

2.Structural formulas

C12H22O1

1 C6H12O6

The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds

Chemical Bonds

a. COVALENT

•Sharing of electrons

b. IONIC

•Attraction between two opposites (charged

atoms)

Gas

• Has no fixed shape• Has no fixed volume• Made of particles that move rapidly • The particles also have large spaces between

them in comparison to solids and liquids

Examples of Gases are

• Steam• Oxygen• Carbon dioxide• Smog• Tear Gas• Helium

Check out the Following Site on Gas :

Liquid

• Has no fixed shape• Has a fixed volume• Particles move past one another easily• Particles are fairly close, but not in a neat

even arrangement as the particles in a solid are

Examples of Liquids are

• Orange Juice• Water• Soft drinks• Milk• Rubbing Alcohol• Vinegar

Check out the following Site on Liquids :

Solid• Has a fixed shape• Has a fixed volume• Particles are arranged in a tight, regular

pattern• Particles move very little

Examples of Solids are

• Ice• Frog• Cheese• Bricks• Wood• Popcicle

Check out theFollowing Site on Solids :

Aim: How are the Three States of Matter accomplished?

Watch this BrainpopMovie on the

States of Matter :

Writing Activity

• The students will describe the three states of matter and include the following :

• At least one example of each state• A description of each state

Phases of matter

Topic: BiochemistryAim: Why do compound behave differently?

DO NOW: Handout #1-5

and Using the

following words create one sentence.elementcompoundatom

Compounds are any combination of different elements which are each made up of one type of atom.

There are two categories of compounds:

•Organic•Inorganic

•is a chemical compound that contains carbon and hydrogen

•Found in all living things

Examples •C6H1206

•CH4

•Is chemical compound that DOES NOT contain Carbon and hydrogen bonds•Not capable of creating life, no combination makes lifeExamples

•NaCl • H2O

NaCl

Lipids make up fats, oils and

waxes

Lipids can be found in

butter, olive oil, peanut oil, cheese, milk,

animal fat

LIPIDS THAT LIPIDS THAT ARE ARE SOLID

ARE CALLED ARE CALLED FATFAT

LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID ARE CALLED

OIL

Lipids Building blocks :One Glycerol molecule and three Fatty Acid molecules

Chemical Formulas:

C57H110O6C54H99O6

Ratio is greater than 1:2:1

Lipid Function

s

include energy storage, acting as

structural parts of cell

membranes, insulation, and participating as

important signaling molecules

Topic: BiochemistryAim: Why are carbohydrates needed for life?

1. H2 7. Al2

2. H2SO4 8. H

3. C6H12O6

4. S 5. H2O

6. CO2

DO NOW: Identify the following as an atom, an element, or a compound:

CarbohydratesBuilding blocks:

MonosaccharidesAka simple sugars

Chemical Formulas:

C6H12O6

C12H22O11

Ratio 1:2:1

Source of short term

& long term ENERGY

Carbohydrate Functions

Carbohydrates come in

many formsthat are

classified into three

categories:

1. How can determine a lipid by chemical formula?

2. How can we identify a carbohydrate by name?

3. What is the usual structural shape of a carbohydrate molecule?

Greater than 2:1 ratio

-OSE ending

Ring shaped

DO Now: Complete Quiz # 6

There are 20 different sorts of amino acid, each

with slightly different

propertiesProteins are made

up of chains of amino acids, and

are often folded up into a ball shape.

An 'average' protein has about 250 amino acids in

its chain. How many different combinations are there of 250 amino acids? Although there are billions

and billions of possible combinations, actually

there are less than 100,000 used in the

human body according to the best estimates of the

scientists.