thoracic skeleton : thoracic vertebrae sternum ribs

Thoracic skeleton :

Thoracic vertebrae

Sternum

Ribs

A. The spinal columnA. The spinal columnVertebrae

Seven cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) neck

Twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12upper back

Five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) lower back

Sacrum

Coccyx

Abnormal Curves

• Scoliosis-abnormal lateral curve of more than 10°

• Kyphosis-exaggerated thoracic curve

• Lordosis-accentuated lumbar curve

bodybody

Vertebral Parts

spinous processspinous process

vertebral vertebral foramenforamen

transverse processtransverse processlaminalamina

pediclepedicle

rib facetrib facet

Discs

Disc Degeneration

T9

T10

T11

T12

T11

T10

T1

Typical Ribs

• HeadArticulates with 2 Demifacets

• Neck

• Tubercle

• Shaft costal groove at inferior border

• Angle

• Anterior end

Rib

neckneck

tubercletubercle

costal costal groovegroove

shaftshaft

headhead

The first rib (R1): superior surface

Atypical ribs

Sternum

manubriummanubrium

clavicular clavicular notchnotch

Suprasternal Suprasternal notchnotch

xiphoid processxiphoid process

bodybody

sternal sternal angleangle

intercostal intercostal spacespace

True Ribs (7 pairs)

12

345

67711

3322

44

5555FloatingFloatingFloatingFloating

False Ribs (5 pairs)False Ribs (5 pairs)