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Imagination has brought mankind

 through the dark ages to its prese

 state of civilization. Imagination lColumbus to discover America.

Imagination led Franklin to discov

electricity.-L. Frank Ba

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Thermal Power Plant

18 October 2013 Thermal Power Plant

P

Department of electrical engineeringNoida international university

greater Noida(india)

ON

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Generation of Electricity

Prime mover coupled to Alternator   Prime mover is driven by energy

obtained from various sourcessuch as 

burning of fuel 

pressure of water   Force of wind etc.

Fig. Fundamental of geElectricity

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Thermal Power Plant A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion i

energy is known as a steam power station.  Steam is produced in the boiler by utilizing the heat of coal combustio

then expanded in the steam turbine and is condensed in a condenseboiler again. The steam turbine drives the alternator which converts menergy of the turbine into electrical energy.

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BASIC OPERATION

The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to f

producing heat

In Boiler drum the water is converted to steam. In Super heater the moisture content is removed from the st

that steam is called super heated steam

The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High pressu

The Exhausted steam is sent to reheater and the steam then

Intermediate pressure(IP) Turbine

The steam from the IP turbine is then feed to low pressure tu

The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which prod

Electric Power.

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General Layout

18 October 2013 Thermal Power Plant

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The most important constituents of a steam power stare:

a. Steam generating equipment 

b. Condenser  c. Prime mover  d. Cooling towerse. Electrical equipment 

Steam generating equipment includes:

Boiler   Boiler furnace Superheater   Economiser    Air Pre-heater 

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BOILERS A boiler is closed vessel in which water is converted into steam by utilising combustion.Steam boilers are broadly classified into following two types:  (a) Water tube boilers

(b) Fire tube boilers

SUPER HEATERS•  A device which removes last traces of moisture. • It helps in reduction in requirement of steam quantity.

ECONOMISER AND AIR PREHEATERS

• They are such devices which recover the heat from the flue gases onchimney and raise the temperature of feed water. 

• Economiser raises boiler efficiency. •  Air Pre-heaters recover the heat from the flue gases leaving the eco

the incoming air required for combustion 

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CONDENSOR• Which condenses the steam at the exhaust of turbine. 

• It creates a very low pressure at the exhaust of turbine, thisconverting heat energy of steam into mechanical energy in

mover. 

PRIME MOVER(TURBINE)

•  A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermfrom pressurized steam, and converts it into mechanical en

• About 86% of all electric generation in the world is by use oturbines. 

COOLING TOWER

• Remove heat from the water discharged from the condenserwater can be discharged to the river or re circulated and reus

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ALTERNATORS The Synchronous Generator is used to Generate power by connectin

Turbine to the shaft of the generator which cuts the magnetic flux prod

The Generated Voltage will generally 11KV to 20 KV max. here 20KV

The Generated Voltage is stepped up by connecting Step up transfor400KV) and is transmitted and is also used for Auxiliary purposes.

It may be hydrogen or air cooled.  The necessary excitation is provided by means of main and pilot exci

coupled to the alternator shaft. 

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TRANSFORMERS

main step-transformers, which steps-up generated voltage transmissio auxiliary transformers, which supply to individual unit-auxiliaries 

TYPE GENERATOR TRANSFORMER UNIT AUXILARRY T

RATED POWER(MVA) 1600 6300

KV(NO LOAD)HV SIDE(V) 230 15.75

KV(NO LOAD)LV SIDE(V) 15.75 2.55 & 0.433

RATED CURRENT HV(amp) 728 230.9

RATED CURRENT LV(amp) 10630.6 1143 &1167

FREQUENCY(Hz) 50 50

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  SWITCH YARD

Placed where switching operation of power distribution is performed.

Air insulated switch yard of 220KV-400KV are used. Main Components of Switch Yard:

  Circuit breaker 

Isolator 

Lightening arrester 

Bus bar 

Current Transformer 

Potential Transformer 

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  CIRCUIT BREAKER 

These are used for automatic switching during normabnormal conditions .

Specification:

Type of Circuit

Breaker 

SF6 

Rated Voltage  245 KV 

Rated Current 

Under Site Condition

of 40 0C

Under Site Condition

of 50 0C 

4000 A

2000 A 

Rated Frequency  50 Hz 

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ISOLATOR 

These are used to disconnect transmission line under no-condition for safety, isolation and maintenance.

Specification:

Rated current for site

conditions

2000 A

Rated Voltage 245 KV

Rated Frequency 50 Hz

Operating time of 

Isolator 

Less than 12 sec.

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LIGHTENING ARRESTOR 

• These are used to discharge lightning over voltages and switchover voltages to earth. 

Specification: 

Rated Frequency 50 Hz

Max. Leakage Current 5 mA

BUS BAR

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BUS BAR 

The conductors to which several incoming and outgoing lines are connected.

They are made up of Cu & Al.

The incoming and outgoing cables are provided for metering purpose.

CURRENT TRANSFORMERThese are used to step-down currents for measurement, control & protection.

Current transformers are used extensively for measuring current and monitoring the operation

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

VT measure voltage and this parameter used for protection of system.

For high voltage CVT (capacitive voltage transformer) is used instead of VT and capacitors

We can also use these capacitors for PLC system.

ASH HANDELING TECHNIQUE

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Top View of ESP Schematic Diagram

• The fluegas laden with flyash is sent through pipes having negativecharged plates which give the particles a negative charge. The partare then routed past positively charged plates, or grounded plates, attract the now negatively-charged ash particles. 

• The particles stick to the positive plates until they are collected. Thethat leaves the plates is then clean from harmful pollutants.

Side view of ESP Schematic D

ASH HANDELING TECHNIQUE

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