theme: love & adventure 2 developments anglo-norman interest in ‘matière de bretagne’: hrb...
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Theme: Love & Adventure2 Developments
Anglo-Norman interest in ‘matière de Bretagne’: HRB – Wace – Eleanor&Henry (family tree), also Marie de France (Lais based on Breton songs, Lanval)
Courtliness & courtly love
Courtliness and Love Historical developments (agricultural
improvements, feudal pyramid) >> courtly culture (castles (ppt), prosperity & leisure time; rules of conduct (Bumke, Elias), feelings under control
Trobadors (langue d’oc): fin’ amors for the gentleman-poet and his circle
Aquitaine >> Eleanor steeped in courtly love, moves North (langue d’oïl)
Courtly culture spreads in courts under her influence, troubadour lyrics and new genre of Arthurian romance!
Champagne Marie, Eleanor’s daughter, holds court
in Troyes Andreas Capellanus, De Amore libri
tres (ca. 1185) >> description of amourous matters, discussions in ‘Cour d’amour’ >> handout
Love’s sweet sorrows; dilemma’s New form of conduct, role models for
men and women (cf. HRB)
Chrétien de Troyes
Court cleric in Marie’s service, perhaps also of the English king
No biographical information, except his own prologues, giving name, patron and sources
Also: matière, san, conjointure >> poetical method
Chrétien’s works
Cligés prologue Erec & Enide: Love and knighthood,
social functions of the married man Cligés: love triangle (anti Tristan) Yvain: Knighthood and Love Lancelot Conte du Graal ou Perceval >> next
week
Parijs BN 122
Lancelot Prologue (san, matière come from Marie;
Chrétien adds craftsmanship, conjointure) Story: Méléagant, Keu, don, rescue by
Gauvain and anonymous knight, cart, sword bridge, fight I, harsh queen, misunderstandings, reconciliation, rendez-vous in barred room, blood on the sheets, judicial duel (fight II), return to court, Lancelot’s captivity, tournament, deliverance and ‘happy’ end (Godefroi de Leigni)
Adultery condoned? Other world
Lanzelet Mystification name: oral tales about
the queen’s lover Example: Ulrich von Zatzikhoven’s
Lanzelet >> strange youth, mermaids, ladies’ man (text connected to Richard Lionheart, hostages)
Introduction greatest lover leads to new texts
Prose Lancelot
Around 1200: verse-prose debate True Story about Arthur, Lancelot and
the Grail: Vulgate Cycle, based upon *non-cyclic Lancelot and prose version Chrétien’s text
Trilogy and fivefold cycle (diagram) Text read in tr. Lacy
Guidelines for Friday
E. Do Lancelot and Guinevere understand each other?
F. What was the motive for Lancelot’s actions? Dante: What is the role of Galehaut / Galeotto?
A. Is the discovery of the lovers a sad event?
B. Do Lancelot and Guinevere feel guilty?
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