the world of digital humanities : digital humanities in the world
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CTBUCL
Edward Vanhoutte
Royal Academy of Dutch Language & LiteratureUniversity College London Centre for Digital HumanitiesLLC: The Journal of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (OUP)
edward.vanhoutte@kantl.be@evanhoutte
The World of Digital Humanities:Digital Humanities in the world
Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom
The World of Digital Humanities
What are the/is Digital Humanities?
History
Humanities Computing
Digital Humanities
Digital Humanities in the World
Reality check
Centres | publications | resources
Research/Projects
OUTLINE
The World of Digital Humanities
Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Willard McCarty [2003]
'This, for the humanities, is a question not to be answered but continually to beexplored and refined'
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Willard McCarty [2003]
'This, for the humanities, is a question not to be answered but continually to beexplored and refined'
Day of Digital Humanities [2009-present]
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Day of DH [2009-present]
A social publication project that began with reflection on what we do as we do it
2014: 8 April 2014 @DayofDH
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Day of DH [2009-present]
A social publication project that began with reflection on what we do as we do it
ca 300 participants worldwide
Blogging: Day in the life of a DH
Q: What is Digital Humanities?
Differing & Contradictory views
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Definitions of DH
The application of technology to the humanities
Working with digital media or a in a digital environment
Digital Humanities = Humanities done digitally
Transition moment towards future Humanities
Big Tent
Method & community
Collaboration/Interdisciplinarity
Using digital & studying digital
Cf. also Gibbs 2012
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
The application of computational methods to research and teaching in the humanities.John Unsworth
The theorizing, developing and application of/on computational techniques to humanities subjects.Edward Vanhoutte
Digital Analog/Traditional Humanities How much / How innovative technology?
The application of technology to the humanities
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Anything a Humanities scholar does that is mediated digitally, especially when such mediation opens discussion beyond a small circle of academic specialists.David Wacks
The performance of humanities related activities in, through and with digital media.Christopher Long
Digital Analog/Print communication I made a website / I use Twitter
Working with digital media or in a digital environment
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
We dont distinguish digital sociology or digital astronomy, so why digital humanities? Just because computers are involved doesnt mean the basic nature of the subject area is any different than it has been traditionally.Philip R. Pib Burns
Digital Humanities is, increasingly, just Humanitiesas far as Im concerned. New tools lead to new methodologies, new perspectives, and new questions that all humanists should be aware of and concerned with.Benjamin Albritton
The computer as a tool
Digital Humanities = Humanities done digitally
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Digital Humanities are the first step towards Future Humanities.Davor
A name that marks a moment of transition; the current name for humanities inquiry driven by or dependent on computers or digitally born objects of study; a temporary epithet for what will eventually be called merely Humanities.Mark/Marino
Fleeting nature of difference / Transition
Transition moment towards future Humanities
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
DH is an umbrella term that, depending on who you aretalking to, covers a huge territory: everything from applied text analysis and corpus stylistics to the more esoteric and theoretical realms of video game criticism.Matthew Jockers
The computer as a tool
Big Tent
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
The digital humanities is a name claimed by a community of those interested in digital methodologies and/or content in the humanities.Rebecca Davis
A broad church but a common hymn sheet.Anno Ici
To me, DH is about making connections between people, ideas, and fields; the creative production of new ideas, questions, analyses, and technology; and engagement with a community that extends beyond academia.Ashley Wiersma
Methodology & Community
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
I think Digital Humanities is a kind of fast-acting glue that allows scholars with different academic backgrounds to collaborate instantly.Mitsuyuki Inaba, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
What sets Digital Humanities apart, for me, is its genuine interdisciplinarity, its permanent emergence, and its open communication.Christof Schch
The great opportunity to burn down academic walls.Enrica Salvatori
Collaboration/Interdisciplinarity
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
I see Digital Humanities as an umbrella term for two different but related developments: 1) Humanities Computing (the specialist use of computing technology to undertake Humanities research) and 2) the implications for the Humanities of the social revolution created by ubiquitous computing and online access. Since the late noughties the latter seems to have become the driving force in DH with responsibility for much of the boom in public interest and funding.Leif Isaksen
Humanities Computing DH
Using digital & studying digital
Humanities Computing
The practice of using computingfor and in the humanitiesfrom the early 1950s tot 2004
Digital Humanities
Became prominent name of the field in 2004
DIGITAL HUMANITIES?
Lexical Text Analysis Literary & Linguistic Computing
Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
Again, it [the operating mechanism, EV] might act upon other things besides number, were objects found whose mutual fundamental relations could be expressed by those of the abstract science of operations, and which should be also susceptible of adaptations to the action of the operating notation and mechanism of the engine. Supposing, for instance, that the fundamental relations of pitched sounds in the science of harmony and of musical composition were susceptible of such expression and adaptations, the engine might compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent. (Lovelace, 1961 [1843], p. 248-249)
History
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)
Construction started 1943
Ballistic research during WWII
Operational in 1946
History
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
First binary stored program computer
Ballistic research during WWII
Operational in 1951
Warren Weaver (1894-1978)
Science:Mathematics
Humanities:Machine Translation
History
Machine Translation
The application of computers to the translation of texts from one natural language into another
History
Machine Translation
The application of computers to the translation of texts from one natural language into another
Arguments
Pragmatic & social: communication
Academic & political: collaboration / peace
Military: knowing what the enemy knows
Economical: selling a good product
History
Andrew D. Booth (1918-2009)
A concluding example, of possible application of electronic computer, is that of translating from one language into another. We have considered this problem in some detail, and it aspires that a machine of the type envisaged could perform this function without any modification in its design.[12 February 1948]
History
W. Weaver: 'Translation' (15 July 1949)
History
Machine Translation
1946: Discussions Weaver Booth1948: Memorandum by Booth1949: 'Translation' by Weaver1952: International Conference on MT1953: 'Automatic Digital Calculators' by Booth & Booth1954: Demonstration at IBM headquarters1954: PhD on MT by Anthony Oettinger1954: Journal 'Mechanical Translation'1955-1966: Organisation of the field1962: Association for MT and Computational Linguistics1966: ALPAC report
History
ALPAC report [1966]
Funding should be provided for: The improvement of translation by developing machine aids for human translators
For Computational Linguistics
History
Machine Translation
Concordances / Glossaries
Authorship attribution
Stylistic studies
Relative chronology
Fragment problems papyri
Tape library
[Michael Levison, 1967]
History
Concordances
Frequency lists
Lemmatizations
Lexical Text Analysis
Roberto Busa (1913-2011)
Index ThomisticusLemmatized concordance of all the words in the complete works of Thomas Aquinas.
Commercial accounting machines (IBM)
History
Michael Levison (? - ?)
Computerized Concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the Bible
Magnetic tape technology UNIVAC (RAND)
History
History
Up to the publication of the infamous ALPAC report in 1966, Computational Linguistics and Lexical Text Analysis were not separated fields, and used statistical analysis for the creation of indexes, concordances, corpora, and dictionaries. But from then onwards, Computational Linguistics embraced the symbolic approach and abandoned statistical analysis which has been at the heart of Humanities Computing.
Literary & Linguistic ComputingComputing in/for the Humanities
1965: Computers for the humanities? [IBM]
1967: Computers in Humanistic Research. Readings and Perspectives.
anthropology, archaeology, history, political sciences, language, literature, and musicology.
History
Literary & Linguistic ComputingComputing in/for the Humanities
1964: Literary and Linguistic Computing Centre(LLCC) - Cambridge
1966: CHum
1970: ICLLC
1973: ALLC
1973: ALLC Bulletin
1973: ALLC/ICCH
1978: ACH
1980: ALLC Journal
1986: Literary & Linguistic Computing
History
Literary & Linguistic ComputingComputing in/for the Humanities
Europe: focus on literary and linguistic studies of language in literary form
America: broader interest in computer-based studies of language in literary and non-literary form
History
Literary & Linguistic ComputingComputing in/for the Humanities
1980
Susan Hockey: A Guide to Computer Applications in the Humanities
Robert Oakman: Computer Methods for Literary Research
History
'Humanities Computing'
1966: Heller & Logemann: activity
1968: 'Humanities Computing Activities in Italy'
1974: 'the future of humanities computing'
1980's: term was widespread
1988 & 1991: Humanities Computing Yearbook
1991-1996: Research in Humanities Computing
History
Humanities Computing McCarty
Computing for the Humanities lack of modelling Instrumental
Computing in the Humanities importance of modelling Methodological
Humanities Computing
Modelling
The heuristic process of constructing and manipulationg models
Model
Denotative: a representation of something
Exemplary: a design for realising something new
Humanities Computing
Modelling Purpose
is never to establish the truth directlybut it is to achieve failure so as to raise and point the question of how we know what we know (McCarty, 1999b), what we do not know, and to give us what we do not yet have (McCarty 2004,p. 255).
Humanities Computing
Modelling // Computer Science
HC: starts from the modelling of imperfectly articulated knowledge (McCarty, 2005, p. 194), and works its way up through further steps ofcomputational modelling till it reaches the stage of a deeper understanding of the world.
CS (and programming in particular): startsfrom a real world problem and travels down to its implementation in hardware.
Humanities Computing
Method of HC
Humanities Computing
Formalisation
Heuristics: the study of interpretation that confers value on cultural objects
Text Encoding: use of markup for the articulation and documentation of different semiotic systems in text
Empirical Modelling
Text Encoding Initiative [TEI]
Principles:
Platform-independent
Software-independent
Endurability
Re-usability
Accessibility
Language-independent
For all of the Humanities disciplines
SGML ISO 8879:1996 XML
Humanities Computing
Text Encoding Initiative [TEI]
Humanities Computing
Digital Humanities
Has definitely but not definitively replaced Humanities Computing as a name for the field.
Digital Humanities
Popularization
Socialization
Trivialization?
The popular qualification digital only relates to the technological (instrumental?) element of computation without using jargon language such as computer, computing or computational.
Digital Humanities
Humanities Computing: more hermetic term
clearer purview: relates to the crossroads where informatics and information science meet with the humanities
had a history built on LTA & MT
Digital Humanities: does not refer to such a specialized activity,
provides a big tent for all digital scholarship in the humanities.
Patrik Svensson [DHQ]
Humanities Computing Digital Humanities
There are many scholars involved in what may be called digital humanities who have no or little knowledge of humanities computing, and vice versa, many humanities computing representatives who do not engage much with current 'new media' studies of matters such as platform studies, transmedia perspectives or database aesthetics.
Digital Humanities
Rafael Alvarado
Instead of a definition, we have a genealogy, a network of family resemblances among provisional schools of thought, methodological interests, and preferred tools, a history of people who have chosen to call themselves digital humanists and who in the process of trying to define the term are creating that definition. Social Category
Digital Humanities
Matthew Kirschenbaum
At a moment when the academy in general and the humanities in particular are the object of massive and wrenching changes, digital humanities emerges as a rare vector for jujitsu, simultaneously serving to position the humanities at the very forefront of certain valueladen agendasentrepreneurship, openness and public engagement, future-oriented thinking, collaboration, interdisciplinarity, big data, industry tie-ins, and distance or distributed educationwhile at the same time allowing for various forms of intra-institutional mobility as new courses are mooted, new colleagues are hired, new resources are allotted, and old resources are reallocated.
Digital Humanities
Matthew Kirschenbaum
A tactical convenience
Digital Humanities
2004
Digital Humanities
2004
Digital Humanities
2004
Digital Humanities
Tries to model the surrounding world in order to reach at a better understading of humans, their activities and what they produce.
Digital Humanities
Digital Humanities
Digital Humanities in the world
Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom
Geographically
195 DH centres registered on CenterNet
Geographically
DH2014: 589 papers from 35 countries
Geographically
DH2014: 589 papers from 35 countries
Organizations
ADHO: Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations
EADH: European Association for Digital Humanities
ACH: Association for Computers and the Humanities
CSDH/SCHN: Canadian Society for Digital Humanities
AaDH: Australasian Association for Digital Humanities
JADH: Japanese Association for Digital Humanities
CenterNet
Geographically
LLC 2012: 107 papers from 30 countries
Thematically
Thematically
Financially
Financially
Publications Journals
+ 3,500 Institutional subscribers+ 560 Individual subscribers59 published papers753 pp.Impact Factor: 0.717
@LLCJournal
Official Journal of ADHO: EADH
ACH
CSDH/SCHN
AaDH
JADH
CenterNet
Publications Journals
DHQ: Digital Humanities QuarterlyOpen Access
Publications Journals
Digital Studies / Le champ numriqueOpen Access
Publications Journals
JDH: Journal of Digital HumanitiesOpen Access
Publications Journals
Online refereed journal
Publications Journals
Official journal of the Text Encoding Initiative Consortium
Publications Books
Online Resources
highlights and distributes informally published digital humanities scholarship and resources
Online Resources
a community-based Q&A board for digital humanities
Online Resources
Free interactive tutorials on TEI
Online communities
International electronic seminar on humanities computing and the digital humanities.
Online communities
International web-based community for medievalists working with digital media.
Online communities
Decentralised and international community interested in the application of innovative digital methods and technologies to research on the ancient world.
Twitter communities
Comprehensive list of scholars in digital humanities & editors of Digital Humanities Now @dhnow. @digitalhumanities
Twitter communities
@LLCJournal
Twitter communities
@eadh_org
Twitter communities
@DefiningDH
Training
DH undergraduate, masters, and PhD programs
Training
Week of intensive coursework, seminars, & lectures
Training
Summer Schools
Oxford [UK]
Leipzig [Germany]
Bern [Switzerland]
Research & Projects
Research & Projects
Male: 70%
Female writers adopting male style
Female: 80%
Elliot
Kipling / James / Trollope / Hardy
Research & Projects
Iris Murdoch: died with Alzheimers
Agatha Christie: suspected of having died with Alzheimers
P.D. James: aged healthily
Signs of dementia can be found in diachronic analyses of patients' writings and lead to new understanding of the work of the individual authors whom we studied
Research & Projects
Research & Projects
Not more than two-dozen ancient individuals living from around 2200 BC to 421 AD authored the Book of Mormon [1830]
But
Five 19th century authors:
Solomon Spalding
Sidney Rigdon
Oliver Cowdery
Research & Projects
Research & Projects
Research & Projects
Edward Vanhoutte
Royal Academy of Dutch Language & LiteratureUniversity College London Centre for Digital HumanitiesLLC: The Journal of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (OUP)
edward.vanhoutte@kantl.be@evanhoutte
The World of Digital Humanities:Digital Humanities in the world
Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom
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