the specs behind the sex, mobile-friendly layout beyond the desktop
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The specs behind the sex MOBILE-FRIENDLY LAYOUTS BEYOND THE DESKTOP
Zeldman pic by Tony Quartarolo
Mobile Web philosophy
Three methodologies
1. Special mobile site2. Do nothing at all3. Optimise for mobile
1. Special mobile site2. Do nothing at all3. Optimise for mobile
refactored for small screen,
not dumbed down for mobile
offer users choice:desktop or mobile?
beware browser sniffingphoto: http://www.flickr.com/photos/timdorr/2096272747/
1. Special mobile site2. Do nothing at all3. Optimise for mobile
not WAP or text anymore...
1. Special mobile site2. Do nothing at all3. Optimise for mobile
CSS 2 Media Types
Media types
all brailleembossed handheldprint projectionscreen speechtty tv
CSS 3 Media Queries“...the new hotness” Jeffrey Zeldman
http://www.zeldman.com/2010/04/08/best-aea-yet/
CSS 3 Media Queries
● builds on CSS 2.1 Media Types concept● more granular control (not just screen, print...)
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
Media features
width colorheight color-indexdevice-width monochromedevice-height resolutionorientation scanaspect-ratio griddevice-aspect-ratio
CSS 3 Media Queries
<link rel="stylesheet" ... media="screen and (max-width:480px)" href="...">
@import url("...") screen and (max-width:480px);
@media screen and (max-width:480px) { // insert CSS rules here}
Multiple expressions – and keyword
@media screen and (min-width:180px) and (max-width:480px) { // screen device and width > 180px // and width < 480px }
Multiple expressions – comma separated
@media screen and (min-width:800px), print and (min-width:20em) { // screen device with width > 800px // or print device with width > 20em }
Negative expressions – not keyword
@media not screen and (min-width:800px) { // not applied to screen device // with width > 800px}
Exclusive expressions – only keyword
@media only screen and (min-width:800px) { // only applied to screen device // with width > 800px}
Multiple media queries/* “The absence of a media query is the first media query” Bryan Rieger */
@media screen and (max-width:480px) { // screen device and width < 480px }@media screen and (max-width:980px) { // screen device and width < 980px }@media screen and (min-width:980px) { // screen device and width > 980px }
www.themaninblue.com/writing/perspective/2004/09/21
unsolved mysteries…
mobile devices lie
viewport metasuggests an initial layout viewport
and zoom
physical vs virtual pixels
viewport meta
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=320, initial-scale=2.3,user-scalable=no">
http://developer.apple.com/safari/library/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/UsingtheViewport/UsingtheViewport.html
<meta name="viewport" content="width=550">
If you're using Media Queries:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
If you have an explicit width:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=550">
Viewport properties
width initial-scaleheight minimum-scaleuser-scalable maximum-scale
high-dpi devices lie twice
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,target-densitydpi=device-dpi">
CSS Device Adaptation@viewport { width: 320px; zoom: 2.3; user-zoom: fixed;}www.w3.org/TR/css-device-adapt
only works in Opera Mobile 11+ at the moment, with -o- prefix dev.opera.com/articles/view/an-introduction-to-meta-viewport-and-viewport
Viewport properties
width / min-width / max-width user-zoom
height / min-height / max-height orientation
zoom / min-zoom / max-zoom resolution
<meta name="viewport" content="width=550">
@-o-viewport { width: 550px;}
<meta name="viewport" content="width=550,maximum-scale=1.0,target-densitydpi=device-dpi">
@-o-viewport { width: 550px; max-zoom: 1; resolution: device;}
/* selective viewport via CSS */
@media … { @-o-viewport { … /* for propellerheads */ }}
<meta name="viewport" content="width=550,maximum-scale=1.0,target-densitydpi=device-dpi">@media screen { @-o-viewport { /* undo meta viewport settings */ width: auto; max-zoom: auto; }}@media screen and (max-device-width: 550px) { @-o-viewport { /* 550px viewport on small screen devices */ width: 550px; }}
<meta name="viewport" content="width=550,maximum-scale=1.0,target-densitydpi=device-dpi">@media screen { @-o-viewport { /* undo meta viewport settings */ width: auto; max-zoom: auto; }}@media screen and (max-device-width: 550px) { @-o-viewport { /* 550px viewport on small screen devices */ width: 550px; }}
@-o-viewport { /* minimum of 550px viewport width */ width: 550px auto; max-zoom: auto;}
The future
matchMedia
if (window.matchMedia("(min-width: 400px)").matches) { /* the view port is at least 400 pixels wide */ } else { /* the view port is less than 400 pixels wide */
}
For IE9+ and Opera, polyfill
github.com/paulirish/matchMedia.js/
lowsrc
<img src=hires.jpg lowsrc=lores.jpg alt="blah">
Both images are download; never in spec
Apple way
<img src=lores.jpg data-src=hires.jpg alt="blah">
Both images are download; requires JS for hires image
adaptive-images.com
Add .htaccess and adaptive-images.php to your document-root folder.
Add one line of JavaScript into the <head> of your site.
Add your CSS Media Query values into $resolutions in the PHP file.
Super WebKit-tastic CSS
selector {background: image-set (url(foo-lowres.png) 1x, url(foo-highres.png) 2x) center;}
selector {background: image-set (url(foo-lowres.png) 1x low-bandwidth, url(foo-highres.png) 2x high-bandwidth);}
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012Feb/1103.html
.. extrapolate to HTML?
<img src=foo-lowres.png set="foo-lowres.png 1x, foo-highres.png 2x" alt="blah">
"I'll post something to the whatwg thread referencing this proposal."
video and Responsive Web Design
<video><source … media="(min-width:1000px)"><source … media="(max-width:1000px)">
</video>
Adaptive Image Element
<picture><source … media="(min-width:1000px)"><source … media="(max-width:1000px)">
</picture>
www.brucelawson.co.uk/2011/notes-on-adaptive-images-yet-again/
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/
<picture alt=… ><source … media="(min-width:1000px)"><source … media="(max-width:1000px)">
<img src=… alt=…></picture>
“not a magic bullet...”
Good or evil?
Florian Rivoal
Note to people who weren't at the talk: following slides are strawman ideas for the next iteration of Media Queries (CSS 4) and are almost certainly to be completely different if they ever make it into the specification. (CSS 3 MQs became a "Proposed Recommendation", eg a "Standard" week of 23 April 2012, so very early days!)
@media screen and (script) {...}
@media screen and not (script) {…}
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012Jan/0034.html
@media (paged) and (interactive:0) { // I am like a printer }@media (paged) and (interactive) { // I'm a projector, or like a Kindle}@media (paged) and (interactive) and (touch) { // I'm like a touch-screen Kindle}
@media (touch) and (max-width: 480) { // looks like an smart phone} @media (touch) and (keyboard) and (min-width:600) { // looks like a touch-screen laptop}
@media (remote) { // TV or set-top box?} @media (remote) and (hover) { // Wii?}
@media (network: v-slow) {..}Florian: "It has been proposed. Most people agree that it would be cool, nobody has a clue about how to spec it in a way that is useful and implementable. If you find people with a clue, encourage them to submit proposals to me or to www-style@w3.org. Use [css4-mediaqueries] in the subject line, and read lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2012Mar/0691.html first."
“embrace the fluidity,don't fight it”
brucel@opera.comopera.com/developer
www.brucelawson.co.uk@brucel
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