the solaf future ii - gert-jan jongerden

company confidential

Flexible light weight solar cell laminates:

Dr. Gert Jan Jongerden

Helianthos bv

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Helianthos – light weight flexible solar laminates

Our Star: the SUN

Thin Film Solar Cells

Light weight thin film solar laminates

Helianthos• Product & Technology• Application and Market• Next steps

Outlook and Conclusions Helianthos solar cells foil

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Our star: The SUN

• Solar irradiation

- On the earth surface ~ 1000 W/m2

- Irradiation 800 – 2500 kWh/m2.yr

- Capacity factor ~8000(= yearly irradiation/annual primary energy consumption)

- Even for medium eff. solar cells (9%) in Netherlands : 3500 kWh per year with < 50 m2 solar cells sufficient for an average household

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SOLAR ENERGY(direct conversion)

Solar Thermal= heat from sunlight

(solar collector)

Photovoltaic (PV) direct conversion of light into electricity

Concentrated Solar Power(CSP)

… in sunny deserts

wafer based cellsFlat plate & concentrator

Thin film PV solar modules(glass panels &

flexible laminates

Future technologiesnanolayers / ‘solar paint’

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electronhole

protective layer

TCO - transparent front contact

active layer

back contact

substrate

Thin film solar cells

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Thin film PV – a Darwinian sea with developing species

Thin Film Silicon a-Si/(µc-Si)

CdTe CIGS DSC & Organic PV

Eff. large area panels (1 m2)

Eff. potential

Record cells

(0.25 - 1 cm2)

a-Si single 5 - 8 %

Tandem* 8 – 12 %12%

a-Si 10 % tandem 13.4 %

triple 15%

9 – 12%

14%

16.5%

10 – 13%

16%

20.1%

3 – 6%

n.a.

12.1%

+ robust, abundant materials, costs

low costs efficiency low cost process (?)

? Efficiency

Cadmium

Te availability

Moisture sensitivityIn availability

Efficiency,stability/durability

Substrates of power modules

glassflexible

glass/glass glass/glassflexible

glass/glassflexible in dev.

TF Production 2009 (MW)

~500 1150 ~200 n.a.

2009: large area eff. of 9% achieved in production glass panels pilot record modules ~0.1 m2 up to 11% eff.

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Thin film PV – a Darwinian sea with developing species

Thin Film Silicon a-Si/(µc-Si)

CdTe CIGS DSC & Organic PV

Eff. large area panels (1 m2)

Eff. potential

Record cells

(0.25 - 1 cm2)

a-Si single 5 - 8 %

Tandem* 8 – 12 %12%

a-Si 10 % tandem 13.4 %

triple 15%

9 – 12%

14%

16.5%

10 – 13%

16%

20.1%

3 – 6%

n.a.

12.1%

+ robust, abundant materials, costs

low costs efficiency low cost process (?)

? Efficiency

Cadmium

Te availability

Moisture sensitivityIn availability

Efficiency,stability/durability

Substrates of power modules

glassflexible

glass/glass glass/glassflexible

glass/glassflexible in dev.

TF Production 2009 (MW)

~500 1150 ~200 n.a.

2009: large area eff. of 9% achieved in production glass panels pilot record modules ~0.1 m2 up to 11% eff.

Thin film Silicon PV will be a typical survivor

•Competitive kWh costs•Abundant materials•Development potential

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Helianthos solar cells foil

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Highly attractive for applications and markets requiring light weight and flexibility

Industrial roofs, BIPV(building integrated PV)

Mobile/ automotive

Functional textiles

Military/ outdoor

Consumer applications

Rural / remote habitation

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Objective: cost competitive solar electricity using integration in building materials and easy installation

Solar cell laminate products:

Roll-to-Roll production technology

Flexible & lightweight modules

Thin film silicon technology: abundant, robust

Pilot: a-Si single cells PV laminate

Future production: a-Si/µc-Si tandem cells PV laminate

kWh costs ↓

System Costs (€/Wp) ↓

Module costs ↓ + System integration costs ↓Cost * € /kWh

Module efficiency %

Helianthos

Today main solar tech c-Si wafer

Saving materials, continuous processes,simple installation & combining functions

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Nuon Helianthos – SMU located in Arnhem

Helianthos bvWestervoortsedijk 71k6827 AV Arnhem, The Netherlands+31 26 3651100helianthos@nuon.com

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Flexible Helianthos laminate:

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Flexible Helianthos laminate: >99% packaging

Transparent encapsulation

Transparent ConductorActive layer (a-Si/µc-Si)Metallic back contact

Carrier & encapsulation

~200 µm

~200 µm

+roofing

materials

~<2 µm

Energy pay back time: 0.8 – 1.3 yr

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TCO, textured SnO2 layer partially covered with thin film amorphous silicon solar cell layers

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Outdoor monitoring

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Very stable performance

Testing according to IEC 61646 Example: Damp heat test < 5% in 1000 hours 85 C, 85% RH Excellent behavior ~8% degradation in 8000 hours Our interest : unravelling operating mechanisms

Duration IEC test

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Increasing efficiency: Tandem

top cell (a-Si:H): 0.2 – 0.3 µm bottom cell (µc-Si:H): 1- 3 µm

Perspective large area efficiency 8 –12%

Stabilised (1000 hr)

Voc(V)

Jsc(mA/cm2)

FF Eff(%)stab.

LM32331 1.35 10.2 0.653 9.1

LM32331 1.37 10.3 0.647 9.1

Cell area 5 cm2

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Efficiency potential- modeling >15% cell eff.

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Value chain Helianthos PV-laminate

Helianthos PV-laminate

Helianthos installable products

Building Integrated PV

distribution installation

Helianthos light weight solar cell laminates address the large (separate) market of BIPV & industrial roofing

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Market development favorable for cost efficient rooftop and BIPV products

Source: EPIA , EUPD, Accelios

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Helianthos self-adhesive flexible solar cell foil for integration on:Bituminous roofing PVC/ TPO/ EPDM roofing Metal roofing panels

Various self adhesives (stick and peel), tuned and certified to be used in combination with different roofing materials and roofing materials manufacturers• with or without use of a roofing primer• on existing roofs with a good surface quality and > 25 years lifetime

expectancy or newly placed roofs• As a BIPV or BAPV system

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Helianthos’ next milestone is a production factory

• Next steps:

• achieve milestones

• attract investment partner

• gradual expansion to (tandem) volume production

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Summary

Light Weight flexible thin film solar laminates• Combining energy & building functions for competitive kWh costs

• Thin film silicon: a species with survival ‘genes’

Helianthos :• Proprietary roll-to-roll thin film silicon product & technology

• Product fit for volume market: BIPV/large roofs & integration

• Growth opportunity for value creation

• Preparing next step: inviting investment partner(s)Helianthos solar cells foil

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Endless energy from solar foil

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