the post war dream 1919

The Treaty of Versailles

1. 1. Territorial lossesTerritorial losses - overseas - overseas territories, and land in Franceterritories, and land in France

THE TREATY of VERSAILLES Punish Germany JUNE 28, 1919

2. 2. Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions - limits army, - limits army, forbids navy and air forceforbids navy and air force

THE TREATY of VERSAILLES Punish Germany JUNE 28, 1919

1. 1. Territorial lossesTerritorial losses - overseas - overseas territories, and land in Franceterritories, and land in France

2. 2. Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions - limits army, - limits army, forbids navy and air forceforbids navy and air force

3. 3. War guilt clauseWar guilt clause - sole - sole responsibility for war, $33 billion in responsibility for war, $33 billion in war reparationswar reparations

4. 4. League of Nations formedLeague of Nations formed - - Germany, Russia excludedGermany, Russia excluded

THE TREATY of VERSAILLES Punish Germany

JUNE 28, 1919

GERMANY: humiliated, blamed for GERMANY: humiliated, blamed for

war, no way to pay back reparationswar, no way to pay back reparations

RUSSIA: Russia excluded from RUSSIA: Russia excluded from League, high casualties, loss of League, high casualties, loss of territoryterritory

GLOBAL Self Determination: NO GLOBAL Self Determination: NO support for Constitutional support for Constitutional government in SE Asiagovernment in SE Asia

THE TREATY of VERSAILLES “A flawed peace”

The Costs of World War IThe Costs of World War I

““War doesn’t determine who War doesn’t determine who is right, only who is left”is right, only who is left”

TROOPS MOBILIZEDTROOPS MOBILIZED

AlliesAlliesGreat Britain, France, Russia, U.SGreat Britain, France, Russia, U.S

43, 749, 85043, 749, 850

Central PowersCentral PowersGermany, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Austria-Hungary,

ItalyItaly

24, 249,42124, 249,421

THE COSTS of WAR

2626 million deaths(½ civilians from

starvation, disease, exposure)

2020 million wounded

1010 million became displaced refugees

THE COSTS of WAR 4 years and 30 countries

Historians estimate Historians estimate economiceconomic costs of costs of World War I at World War I at $350 billion!!$350 billion!!

Great Britain: David Lloyd Great Britain: David Lloyd GeorgeGeorge

“make Germany pay!”“make Germany pay!”

Italy: Vittorio OralandoItaly: Vittorio OralandoAustrian land claimsAustrian land claims

France: Georges ClemenceauFrance: Georges Clemenceauprevent future invasionsprevent future invasions

United States: Woodrow United States: Woodrow Wilson Wilson

post war peacepost war peace

The BIG FOUR

WILSON’S PEACE PLANWILSON’S PEACE PLAN

“Fourteen Points” - January 1918 “Fourteen Points” - January 1918

No secret alliances/treatiesNo secret alliances/treatiesFreedom of the seasFreedom of the seas

Lower tariffs to foster tradeLower tariffs to foster tradeArms reduction Arms reduction

( to lessen militaristic impulses)( to lessen militaristic impulses)

Self-determination of coloniesSelf-determination of colonies

Wilson’s Wilson’s GoalsGoals

The Goals of The Goals of France and France and

Great BritainGreat Britain

France and Great BritainFrance and Great BritainPunish Germany!!!Punish Germany!!!

Wilson’s GOALWilson’s GOALLasting peace; Lasting peace;

world peace world peace keeping keeping

organizationorganization

The Debate of US entry into the The Debate of US entry into the LEAGUE OF NATIONSLEAGUE OF NATIONS

LODGELODGE WILSONWILSON

Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge

1. 1. Territorial lossesTerritorial losses - overseas - overseas territories, and land in Franceterritories, and land in France

2. 2. Military restrictionsMilitary restrictions - limits army, - limits army, forbids navy and air forceforbids navy and air force

3. 3. War guilt clauseWar guilt clause - sole - sole responsibility for war, $33 billion in responsibility for war, $33 billion in war reparationswar reparations

4. 4. League of Nations formedLeague of Nations formed - - Germany, Russia excludedGermany, Russia excluded

THE TREATY of VERSAILLES Punish Germany

JUNE 28, 1919

LEAGUE OF NATIONSLEAGUE OF NATIONS

Vote in Senate November 1919Lodge Amendments, Senate

rejection

Wilson refuses to Compromise with Senate over concerns

Vote in Senate March 1920Lodge Amendments, Senate

rejection

Senate opinion on the treaty was divided into three

distinct views:

1.1. SupportersSupporters. Democrats loyal to Wilson wanted the treaty to be ratified in its original form without any amendments or reservations; some within this group were receptive to a small number of minor changes.

2. Reservationists. This group claimed to be in favor of the treaty, but only after including a series of reservations prior to ratification. Senator LodgeLodge of Massachusetts was the leader of this faction and was personally dedicated to frustrating the aims of his rival, Wilson. Other senators in this group sincerely favored the treaty, but wanted some modification to protect vital American interests. The Reservationists were the largest of the three factions.

3. Irreconcilables. Isolationist senators, including Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin, William E. Borah of Idaho and Hiram JohnsonHiram Johnson of California, opposed the treaty and American entry into the League of Nations under any circumstances. They had counseled against entering the war in the first place and now opposed participation in European affairs.

JOURNAL ENTRY: JOURNAL ENTRY: The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles

President WilsonPresident Wilson Senator LodgeSenator Lodge

Based on the reading provide evidence to support WHY (on what grounds) WHY (on what grounds) Lodge or Wilson supported or opposed the Treaty and HOW HOW (methods used)(methods used) they promoted their cause.

JOURNAL ENTRY: JOURNAL ENTRY: The Battle over the Treaty of VersaillesThe Battle over the Treaty of Versailles

WHY?

HOW?

WHY?

HOW?

President Wilson Senator LodgeSenator Lodge

RESULTS

CONSTITUTIONAL CONNECTIONS CONSTITUTIONAL CONNECTIONS

POST WORLD WAR IPOST WORLD WAR I

Find in your Find in your Constitution:Constitution:

Presidents Power to negotiate treaties and

Senates power to ratify