the odd ones out. plantaeanimalia cell walls (cellulose) cuticles photosynthesis reproduction (2...

FUNGI AND PROTISTA

The odd ones out

REVIEW OF PLANTAE AND ANIMALIA CHARACTERISTICS

Plantae Animalia

Cell Walls (cellulose)

Cuticles Photosynthesis Reproduction (2 life

stages)

No Cell Wall! Consumers Movement Specialized Parts Sexual

Reproduction (mostly)

FUNGI Cell Walls Heterotrophs Secret Lives Spores

FUNGI Cell Walls

Made of ChitinSame substance that arthropods use for

their exoskeletons

FUNGI Heterotrophs

No Chloroplast so they have to consume others

They either live next to, on or in their foodThey are either decomposers, parasites or

live in mutualism with another organism When a fungus lives in the roots of plants

helping the plant to get nutrients and getting food back it is called a mycorrhiza

FUNGI Secret Lives

Majority of a fungus lives below the surface either the dirt or the organism it is on

Their cells are grouped in chains called Hyphae

Hyphae usually grow close to each other in a tangle called mycelium

FUNGI Spores

Fungi can reproduce asexually and sexually

Asexual Reproduction in FungiBroken pieces can grow into new fungiCan send out spores that wait until right

conditions to grow Sexual Reproduction in Fungi

Grow structures that send out Sexual spores, they fertilize and then grow when the conditions are right

TYPES OF FUNGI Fungi are classified based

ShapeHow they reproduce

TYPES OF FUNGI Threadlike Fungi

Shape Parts of the hyphae

grow out of the ground

How they reproduce Asexually: form

sporangia that releases spores

Sexually: two hyphae meet form different sporangia

TYPES OF FUNGI Sac Fungi

Shape No signature shape

How they reproduce Asexually: Most of

the time, Yeast do budding leaving scars

Sexually: Form sacs called ascus

TYPES OF FUNGI Club Fungi

Shape Grows club shaped

basidiaHow they

reproduce Asexually: N/A Sexually: Basidia

TYPES OF FUNGI Imperfect Fungi

Shape No pattern

How they reproduce Asexually: No

pattern Sexually: N/A

REVIEW OF PLANTAE AND ANIMALIA CHARACTERISTICS

Plantae Animalia

Cell Walls (cellulose)

Cuticles Photosyn-

thesis Reproduc

-tion (2 life stages)

No Cell Wall!

Consumer

Movement

Specializ-ed Parts

Sexual Reproduc-tion (mostly)

Cell Walls (Chitin)

Heterotro-phs

Secret Lives

Spores

Fungi

PROTISTADefined more by

what they are not, than what they are.

Protista have only two traits that they all share; Eukaryotic, and no specialized tissue

PROTISTS AND FOOD

Producer Consumer

Have Chloroplasts Undergo

Photosynthesis Autotroph (self-

feed)

Some are consumers like animals

Decomposers Parasites feeding

on a Host Heterotroph(differe

nt feed)

PROTISTS AND REPRODUCTION Asexual Reproduction

Divide the parent cell to make identical offspring

Called “fission”Binary fission makes two copiesMultiple fission more than two copies

PROTISTS AND REPRODUCTION Sexual Reproduction

No set pattern

PROTISTS AND REPRODUCTION Reproductive Cycles

Protist reproduces after significant eventsLots of varietyExample: Protist lives in one form in

mosquito is transferred to a host where it reproduces into another form, then transferred back to a mosquito

TYPES OF PROTIST Broken down into three groups

Protist ProducersHeterotrophs that can moveHeterotrophs that can’t move

TYPES OF PROTIST PRODUCERS Red Algae

ProducerChlorophyll with

red pigmentMost common

seaweed – grows in the Tropics at deep depths

TYPES OF PROTIST PRODUCERS Green Algae

ProducerChlorophyllMost Diverse

group of Protist Producers

TYPES OF PROTIST PRODUCERS Brown Algae

ProducerChlorophyll with

yellow brown pigment

Seaweed in cooler climates

Can grow up to 60 m in one growing season

TYPES OF PROTIST PRODUCERS Diatoms

ProducerChlorophyllLarge portion of

PhytoplanktonHave 2-part glass

like shell made of Silica

Come in various shapes

TYPES OF PROTIST PRODUCERS Dinoflagellates

Producer - Sometimes

Chlorophyll – Sometimes

Some live in fresh water, some Salt water, some in SNOW!

Have two flagella

TYPES OF PROTIST PRODUCERS Euglenoids

Producer - sometimes

Chlorophyll – sometimes

When food is scarce all of them become heterotrophs

Live in freshwater and move with a flagella

TYPES OF PROTIST HETEROTROPHS THAT MOVE Amoebas

Consumer or Parasites

Fresh and salt water

Move using pseudopodia (false feet)

TYPES OF PROTIST HETEROTROPHS THAT MOVE Shelled Amoeba-

LikeConsumerFresh and salt

waterHave an outer

shellPoke psuedopod

out of pores in the shell

TYPES OF PROTIST HETEROTROPHS THAT MOVE Zooflagellates

Consumer or Parasites

Move by waving flagella back and forth

TYPES OF PROTIST HETEROTROPHS THAT MOVE Cilliates

ConsumerThousands of

Cilia(hair-like structures)

Cilia push food toward the mouth and make it swim

TYPES OF PROTIST HETEROTROPHS THAT CAN’T MOVE

Spore-Forming ProtistConsumer Many

parasitesNo Cilia/FlagellaHave complicated

life-cycles (2 hosts usually)

TYPES OF PROTIST HETEROTROPHS THAT CAN’T MOVE

Water MoldsConsumer some

decomposers most parasites

TYPES OF PROTIST HETEROTROPHS THAT CAN’T MOVE Slime Molds

Consumer Can move in some

life stages Grow as long as food

and water is available Some become large

cells with many nuclei up to 1 m across

Reproduce by growing stalks that release spores

LICHENS Is a combination of

fungus and algae Alga lives inside the

fungus Such a close and

dependant life cycle that they are considered one organism

Producers Fungi cell walls protect

alga and keep in water Very sensitive to air

pollution