the linde group “small-medium scale lng...
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The Linde Group
“Small-Medium Scale LNG Technology, Economics, Transportation, and Receiving Terminal”
Rick Lai Head of Clean Energy (LNG & EOR) Business, Asia
Sep 2012 Lai 2
Content:
Linde Group Introduction
LE Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant References
Economics of Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant
LNG Transportation and Storage
Key Messages
Sep 2012 Lai 3
Group financials 2013 in short
— Market cap of approximately EUR 33 bn
— Group sales 2013 EUR 16.955 bn
— Operating profit EUR 3.970 bn
— Total number of employees ~62,000
— Rating: Moody : A3 S&P: A+
The Linde Group worldwideGlobal presence in more than 100 countries
The Linde Group
Engineering Division Gases Division
Sep 2012 Lai 4
Linde Engineering Markets & Global Rank
Air Separation Plants Hydrogen and Synthesis Gas Plants
Top 1
Products:
— Oxygen
— Nitrogen
— Rare gases
Products:
— H2/CO/Syngas
— Ammonia
— Gas removal
— Gas purification
Top 2
Products:
— Ethylene
— Propylene
— Butadiene
— Aromatics
— Polymers
Top 2
Olefin Plants
Top 1
Products:
— LNG
— NGL
— LPG
— Helium
Top 3
Natural Gas Plants
Top 1
Small & mid LNG
Sep 2012 Lai 5
Linde Company Profileand Small to World Scale LNG Experience
Judul Presetasi 26 Januari 2015
Latest LNG WINS1) Canada, WoodFibre 2.1 MTPA2) Russia, Gazprom 0.6 MTPA3) China: PetroChina, 0.4 MTPA x 24) Malaysia: Petronas: 0.8 MTPA
Sep 2012 Lai 6
Thailand
CambodiaViet
HainLaosMyanmar
Bangkok
Malay
Sumatra
Java
Indonesia
Singapor
Jakarta
sia
Brunei
Sarawak
Sabah
Borneo
Timor
Sula
wes
i
Manila
Philippines
Yangon
Hanoi
Sepon
nam
an
Papua-Neuguinea
Papua
Adsorption plants
Air separation units
Hydrogen and synthesis gas plants
Gas processing plants
Natural gas plants
Petrochemical plants
Engineering DivisionPlants in South-East Asia
Sep 2012 Lai 7
Content:
Linde Group Introduction
Small Scale LNG Technology
LE Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant References
Economics of Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant
LNG Transportation and Storage
Key Messages
Sep 2012 Lai 8
Linde Engineering: Manufacturer of Cryogenic Equipment
— Supply of spool wound heat exchangers for NWS T4 & T5, Snøhvit, Sakhalin, Pluto LNG and supply of plate fin heat exchanger cold boxes for Idku (Egyptian LNG), Darwin LNG and Arzew replacements
— Replacement of APCI spool wound heat exchangers in Brunei
Sep 2012 Lai 9
Small vs Traditional LNG Liquefaction System
?
10002
10,00016
100,000 160
1,000,000 1600
10,000,000 16,000
LNG Gallons Per Day MTPD
0
200
400
600
800
1000Capital Cost ($/LNG gallon/day)
Conventional Negative Scaling Effect?
GTI Technology
•Design brief:•Optimize for energy efficiency
•Overcome scaling effects
•Adaptable to various gas sources
•Unmanned plant operation
Cap
ital C
ost R
atio
0
2
4
6
8
10
Sep 2012 Lai 10
The GTI MRC and LE MRC Technology Provides an Alternative to Nitrogen Cycles at Smaller Scales
Type Positives NegativesGTI MRC High efficiency
Low cost (1 compressor, no expanders)Mixture management
Conventional MRC High efficiency Size limitsCascade MRC Highest MRC efficiency High capital costNitrogen (Brayton) Simple and robust Relatively low efficiencyOpen Cycle Nitrogen Extremely simple Cost depends on N2 costPressure Let-down(Turboexpander)
Highest efficiency Requires specialcircumstance
Small-scale Medium-scale Large-scaleGTI MRC
Pressure let-down
Open Cycle Nitrogen
Nitrogen cycle (Brayton)
Conventional MRC including LE
Cascade MRC
Sep 2012 Lai 12
Content:
Linde Group Introduction
LE Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant References
Economics of Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant
LNG Transportation and Storage
Key Messages
Sep 2012 Lai 13
LE Small Scale LNG Plant: 1) 50 TPD-Tasmania 2) 110 TPD-Norway 3) 150 TPD-Melbourne 4) 175 TPD-Perth, Australia
2)
3) 4)
1)
LNG Plant
Sep 2012 Lai 1414
LNG Project References: 900 TPDStavanger LNG Plant, Norway
Customer: Skangass AS
Capacity:LNG 300,000 t/a
Scope of work:General contractor (TKLS)
Contract value:xxx MM €
Start-up:2009
Process:Advanced Single
Mixed Refrigerant
Sep 2012 Lai 1515
LNG Project References : 1,250 TPDShanShan LNG Plant, PRC
Customer:Xinjiang Guanghui LNG
Development Co., Ltd.
Capacity:432,000 TPA LNG
Scope of Work:Basic Eng., Key Equipment
Suppy, Detailed Eng.,
Construction, Start-up
Supervision
Start-Up:2004
Process:LIMUM® - CWHE Process
(gas turbine drive)
Sep 2012 Lai 1616
LNG Project References : 1,150 TPD Jimunai LNG Plant, PRC
Customer:Xinjiang Jimunai Guanghui
LNG Development Co., Ltd.
Capacity:400,000 TPA LNG
Scope of Work:Basic Eng., Key Equipment
Suppy, Detailed Eng.,
Construction, Start-up
Supervision
Start-Up:2012
Process:LIMUM® - CWHE Process
with integrated NRU
Sep 2012 Lai 1717
LNG Project References: 700 TPDBeiniuchuan LNG Plant, PRC
Customer:Inner Mongolia Coal
Chemical Co., Ltd.
Capacity:280,000 TPA LNG
Scope of Work:Basic Eng., Key Equipment
Suppy, Detailed Eng.,
Construction, Start-up
Supervision
Start-Up:2013
Process:LIMUM® - CWHE Process
(steam turbine drive)
Sep 2012 Lai 18
Content:
Linde Group Introduction
LE Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant References
Economics of Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant
Project Execution Consideration
LNG Plant Capacity Relative to NG Reserve (Stranded)
LNG Transportation and Storage
Key Messages
Sep 2012 Lai 19
Plot Space and Infrastructure Consideration
•2 x 0.3 MTPA incl. buildings, flare, tank, utilities app. 22.000 m²,
while World Scale LNG plants require in excess of 20 times more
~ 240 m
Slug catcher
MEG storage
temp. water Hot oil
MEG regeneration
effluent treatment
power generation
liquefaction
pre-treatment, fractionation, stabilization
harmonic filters
LNG, LPG, condensate storage
~ 1.000 m
~ 500 m
~ 90 m
Linde Engineering
Name / Department / Date / Filename.pptLinde AG Linde Engineering Division 21
Global Gas Reserves > 150 YearsDominance of Smaller and more Unconventional Reservoirs
The largest remaining undeveloped gas field are challenged by
• Geopolitics (e.g., Iran, Russia, Venezuela, Nigeria, etc.)
• Location (e.g. McKenzie Delta, North Slope, deep water, etc.
• Composition (e.g. Natuna – sour gas)
Undeveloped mid-tier fields are challenged by diseconomies of scale relative to transportation distance to market.
Small fields provide unconventional production challenges (e.g. tight sands, shale, coal-bed methane). Several U.S. independents have built their business on expertise in this area.
6.243
5.085
1.620
940
668
641
163
16
<0.01 Tcf
0.01-0.1 Tcf
0.1-0.25 Tcf
0.25-0.5 Tcf
0.5-1 Tcf
1-5 Tcf
5-50 Tcf
50-500 Tcf
Number/Size of Fields 1)
1) app. 80% on-shore
Sep 2012 Lai 22
LNG Production Base on Proven P1 and P2 Reserve
Proven Reserves P1 Reserve
In mmscfd
15 Years
In mmscfd
Gas Flow
mmscfd
LNG Capacity
In TPD
LNG Capacity
Per Annum
0.5 to 0.8 Tcf
(800 Bcf)
720,000 (P1)
400,000 (P2)
48,000 (P1)
26,700 (P2)
137 (P1)
76 (P2)
~3000 (P1)
~1640 (P2)
1.05 MTPA (P1)
0.57 MTPA (P2)
0.3 to 0.49 Tcf
(500 Bcf)
450,000 (P1)
250,000 (P2)
30,000 (P1)
16,700 (P2)
86 (P1)
48 (P2)
~1850 (P1)
~1025 (P2)
0.65 MTPA (P1)
0.38 MTPA (P2)
0.1 to 0.29 Tcf
(300 Bcf)
270,000(P1)
150,000 (P2)
18,000 (P1)
10,000 (P2)
50 (P1)
29 (P2)
~1106 (P1)
~614 (P2)
0.38 MTPA (P1)
0.22 MTPA (P2)
200 Bcf
180,000 (P1)
100,000 (P2)
12,000 (P1)
6,670 (P2)
34 (P1)
19 (P2)
~740 (P1)
~410 (P2)
0.26 MTPA (P1)
0.14 MTPA (P2)
50bcf 100Bcf
(50 Bcf)
45,000 (P1)
25,000 (P2)
3,000 (P1)
1,670 (P2)
9 (P1)
5 (P2)
~185 (P1)
~102 (P2)
65k TPA (P1)
35k TPA (P2)
Sep 2012 Lai 23
LNG Process Plant: Typical Cost Relative to Capacity of The Plant
1.400
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
00 200 400 600 800 1.000
Capacity LNG, kTPA
Spec
ific
Cos
t (€
/ TPA
)
1.400
1.200
1.000
800
600
400
200
00 200 400 600 800 1.000
Capacity LNG, kTPA
Spec
ific
Cos
t (€
/ TPA
)
Key cost driver
• Feed gas composition and pressure
• Site conditions, plot space, location, existing infrastructure
• prefabrication, labor market
• standards
500-600 TPD Plant or 25-30 mmscfd, or 0.22MTPA
~1100 TPD or ~55mmscfd or 0.4 MTPA
Sep 2012 Lai 24
Typical Mid Scale LNG Plant CAPEX Breakdown
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% of CAPEX
Supervision &ComissioningCivil & Construction
Equipment & Material
Engineering
Total CAPEX Distribution10 to 15%
50 to 55%
25-35%
~5%
Linde Engineering
Name / Department / Date / Filename.pptLinde AG Linde Engineering Division 25
Content:
Linde Group Introduction
LE Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant References
Economics of Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant
Macro Environment and Linde Clean Energy
LNG Transportation and Storage
Key Messages
Sep 2012 Lai 29
Content:
Linde Introduction: Linde Engineering
Linde Engineering in Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant
Economics of Small & Medium Scale LNG Plant
LNG Transportation and Storage
Key Messages
Sep 2012 Lai 30
Example of Small Scale LNG development in Norway and Sweden
1) Linde Engineering (LE) built 900 TPD (45mmscfd) for customer Skangass LNG plant in Norway
2) Small LNG Tankers with capacity ranges from 1,000 to 12,000m3 are available in the market
3) Linde Gas owns and operates a 20,000m3 LNG Receiving Terminal in Stockholm, Sweden. Cryo AB (LE subsidiary) engineered and built terminal
4) LNG Receiving Terminal is to supply Stockholm NG grid , supply Industries, marine and Transportation sector
Nynäshamn
12
3
Sep 2012 Lai 31
Linde Value PropositionNG Liquefaction, Shipping, Regasification and Supply
Production Processing & liquefaction
Storage & Regasification
Plant
Sea Transportation(outsourced)
Storage &
loading
Liquefaction
Plant
Transportation Final Customer
Customer
Regasification
Plant
Upstream
Integrated Small-Medium Scale LNG Supply Chain
Linde Value Proposition
Key Messages
1. The success of small to mid scale LNG implementation is based on a company who is capable of
a) Ability to integrate from Upstream, midstream to downstream seamlessly
b) Ability to obtain gas allocation with adequate proven reserve in the country
c) Creditable partnership, including local partner, along LNG supply chain
d) Commitment from end users/off takers
e) Last but not least, a bankable project for financing
Sep 2012 Lai 32
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