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The Future of Wireless and First Responders
Juan Deaton Cellular Systems EngineerNational and Homeland Security DirectorateIdaho National LabPhone: (208) 526-8589 Email: juan.deaton@inl.govWeb: www.inl.gov
INL/CON-08-13699
Wireless Technology and First Responder
Wireless Past and PresentWireless FutureFirst Responders and Wireless
Subscriber Growth
50M
100M
150M
200M
250M
300M
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Number of Subscribers
Source: CTIA
Cellular Statistics
?
Pop of the US~300 Million
Cellular UsersCellular Users~250 Million~250 Million
~81% Penetration~81% Penetration
First Responders in US~2.5 Million
Average Life of Average Life of a Cell Phone :a Cell Phone :1414--18 Months18 Months
Source: CTIA, WiFi Alliance
2007 Financial Comparison
Annual Revenues of Cellular Industry
$154 Billion
Capital Investment$23.6 Billion
DHS 2007 program budget
$35.6 Billion$1B
DHS Grants for Interoperability
$3B
Public WiFi Annual Revenue
Source: CTIA, Homeland Defense Journal, WiFi Alliance
CDMA Cellular Coverage
Map Legend Broadband Enhanced Services Extended Enhanced Services No Coverage
Map Legend Digital Coverage Analog Coverage No Coverage
Source: Verizon Wireless
GSM and 3G Coverage
Source: GSM Association
WiFi Coverage
Data Rates Evolution
10k
100k
1M
10M
100M
1G
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Speed bps
2010
TETRA P25
GSMIS-95A
IS-95BGPRS
EDGE
1xEVDO A
1xEVDO
LTE
HSPAUMTS
CDMA 1x
WiFi
Handset Sales
Source: Strategy Analytics, Inc. - January 2006
Technology Families/Trends3GPP2
3GPP
Voice Core
Voice Core
Time
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
TerminalsMulti-ModeMobiles
SIP-Mobiles Home GatewaysWiFi Mobiles
Now2G 3G 4G
Core IMS/MMSSIP
802.11a/g
802.11b
802.16
PacketCore
EV-DO
EV-DO-A
IS-95A/B
1X
cdma2000
UMB
UMTS
HSDPA
HSUPA
LTE
Major US Operators (October 2007)Operator Technology Subscribers
(millions)
AT&T HSDPA, UMTS, EDGE, GPRS, GSM, TDMA 65.7
Verizon WirelessCDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA 63.7
Sprint Nextel Includes Sprint Network, Nextel Network, and Boost Mobile Prepaid
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA (Sprint PCS), WiDEN, iDEN (Nextel) 54.0
T-Mobile UMA, EDGE, GPRS, GSM 26.9
AlltelCDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA, AMPS 12.447
TracFone Includes NET10 GSM, CDMA, TDMA 8.803
U.S. Cellular CDMA2000 1x, CDMA, TDMA 6.010
Virgin MobileCDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA 5.2
MetroPCS CDMA 3.66
Source: Operator Quarterly Reports
Wireless Technology and First Responder
Wireless Past and PresentWireless FutureFirst Responders and Wireless
Operator MigrationsOperator Current Technology Migrating to:
TDMA, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSDPA LTE
IS-95, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO LTE
IS-95, CDMA2000 1x, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO WiDEN, iDEN WiMax
GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WiFiLTE ????
IS-95, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO ????
AT&T25%
Verizon Wireless25%Sprint Nextel
22%
T-Mobile USA10%
Alltel5%
Other13% AT&T
25%
Verizon Wireless25%Sprint Nextel
22%
T-Mobile USA10%
Alltel5%
Other13%
Current Subscriber Market Share
Source: Carrier Press Releases
WiMax
258,000 Subscribers
Source: Sprint, Clearwire and Analysts
700 MHz Auction757 763 775 787 793 805
A B C D E A B C C A D B C A D B
CH. 52
CH. 53
CH. 54
CH. 55
CH. 56
CH. 57
CH. 58
CH. 59
CH. 60
CH. 61
CH. 62
CH. 63
CH. 64
CH. 65
CH. 66
CH. 67
CH. 68
CH. 69
757 763 775 787 793 805
A B C D E A B C C D C D
CH. 52
CH. 53
CH. 54
CH. 55
CH. 56
CH. 57
CH. 58
CH. 59
CH. 60
CH. 61
CH. 62
CH. 63
CH. 64
CH. 65
CH. 66
CH. 67
CH. 68
CH. 69
698 704 710 716 722 728 734 740 746 752 758 764 770 776 782 788 794 800 806
Block Frequencies Bandwidth Pairing Area Type LicensesA 698-704, 728-734 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz EA 176B 704-710, 734-740 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734C 710-716, 740-746 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734*D 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG 6*E 722-728 6 MHz unpaired EA 176C 746-757, 776-787 22 MHz 2 x 11 MHz REAG 12D 758-763, 788-793 10 MHz 2 x 5 MHz Nationwide 1**A 757-758, 787-788 2 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***B 775-776, 805-806 2 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***
**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnershi
- -- -
C 710-716, 740-746 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734*D 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG 6*
-C -D 758-763, 788-793 10 MHz 2 x 5 MHz Nationwide 1**
- --
*Blocks have been auctioned.**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnershi
Lower 700 MHz Band Channels 52-59
PublicSafety
PublicSafety
Upper 700 MHz Band Channels 60-69
757 763 775 787 793 805
C D E A B C C D C D
CH. 52
CH. 53
CH. 54
CH. 55
CH. 56
CH. 57
CH. 58
CH. 59
CH. 60
CH. 61
CH. 62
CH. 63
CH. 64
CH. 65
CH. 66
CH. 67
CH. 68
CH. 69
757 763 775 787 793 805
C D C D D
CH. 52
CH. 53
CH. 54
CH. 55
CH. 56
CH. 57
CH. 58
CH. 59
CH. 60
CH. 61
CH. 62
CH. 63
CH. 64
CH. 65
CH. 66
CH. 67
CH. 68
CH. 69
698 704 710 716 722 728 734 740 746 752 758 764 770 776 782 788 794 800 806
Block Frequencies Bandwidth Pairing Area Type LicensesA 698-704, 728-734 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz EA 176B 704-710, 734-740 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734C 710-716, 740-746 12 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734*D 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG 6*E 722-728 6 MHz unpaired EA 176C 746-757, 776-787 22 MHz 2 x 11 MHz REAG 12D 758-763, 788-793 10 MHz 2 x 5 MHz Nationwide 1**A 757-758, 787-788 2 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***B 775-776, 805-806 2 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***
**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnershi***Guard Bands blocks have been auctioned, but are being relocated
- -- -
C 710-716, 740-746 12 MHz CMAD 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG
-C -D - -793 10 MHz Nationwide 1**
- --
*Blocks have been auctioned.**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership
Lower 700 MHz Band Channels 52-59
PublicSafety
PublicSafety
Upper 700 MHz Band Channels 60-69
Source: FCC
700 MHz Major playersC Block
D Block
What will 700 MHz Technologies be?Likely LTE if cellular providers winIf Google Wins, WiMax?
Source: RCR Wireless
Wireless Technology and First Responder
Wireless Past and PresentWireless FutureFirst Responders and Wireless
System of Systems
Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1
EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network
Public Safety Communications DeviceInterface capability
Qwerty Keyboard, real or virtualCamera Adequate Screen SizeStylus/Touch Screen
Wireless CapabilitiesWireless Broadband (3G or 4G)WiFi Bluetooth GPS Receiver
Estimated Future Expected Cost*
~$500 Device~$50-$100 Monthly Service/Device
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ PWW EE RR TT YY UU II OOQQ PP
S D F G H J K LA ;SS DD FF GG HH JJ KK LLAA ;;X C V B N M K ,Z .XX CC VV BB NN MM KK ,,ZZ ..
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 022 33 44 55 66 77 88 9911 00
*Based on current services and estimates for additional services
System of Systems
Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1
EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network
Personal Area Networks (PAN)
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ PWW EE RR TT YY UU II OOQQ PP
S D F G H J K LA ;SS DD FF GG HH JJ KK LLAA ;;X C V B N M K ,Z .XX CC VV BB NN MM KK ,,ZZ ..
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 022 33 44 55 66 77 88 9911 00
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ P
S D F G H J K LA ;X C V B N M K ,Z .
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 0
W E R T Y U I OQ PWW EE RR TT YY UU II OOQQ PP
S D F G H J K LA ;SS DD FF GG HH JJ KK LLAA ;;X C V B N M K ,Z .XX CC VV BB NN MM KK ,,ZZ ..
space
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 022 33 44 55 66 77 88 9911 00
PSCD
Laptop
Vehicle
Cameras
Biometrics
Equipment
System of Systems
Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1
EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network
Incident Area Communications
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
WiFi
Dual Mode Device Capabilities
Direct Mode
Cell Tower
Ad Hoc WiFi (802.11)
Ad Hoc WiFi (802.11)
PTT Ad Hoc Network
System of Systems
Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1
EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network
Jurisdictional Area Networks Static NetsCity PoliceFire-2EMS-1
Local NetsCity PoliceFire-2EMS-1
CITY POLICE
Static NetsCounty Police
Visiting Nets
COUNTY POLICE
County Police
EMS-2
City Police
System of Systems
Source: SAFECOM SoR v1.1
EAN: Extended Area NetworkJAN: Jurisdictional Area NetworkIAN: Incident Area NetworkPAN: Personal Area Network
Extended Area Network
Basic Services you should expect
Service Description
Push to Talk Voice Common Net Traffic used in current LMR Systems
Status DataPeriodic updates to centeralized data base for biometrics, GPS Location Info, Equipment Data
Instant Messaging Text Messages between responders
Streaming Video/DataStill pictures or real streaming video. Real time
biometric data feed.E-mail E-Mail w/ Attachments
Web BrowsingAccess to Maps, Geolocation Data, Building Layouts, Medical and Criminal information
Full Duplex Voice PSTN Phone Call
EMS Scenario
A34
Item QtyItem 1 5Item 3 2
Order
IAN
Activate A34
EMS Scenario
Confirm
Deny
EMS Scenario
EMS Scenario
EAN
Hospital ER
INTERNET
ER LAN
New Technology ConcernsGrowing Pains
Training, Initial Deployments
Costs vs. BenefitsHow will the costs be different?What benefits will be provided me?
Service Provider?Full Package = Devices + Network + Host Based Services
Summary and ConculsionsWireless Past and Present
Size Matters
Wireless FutureMajor LTE deploymentsNiche Markets for WiMax
First Responders and WirelessPANs, IANs, JANs, EANs
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