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The future CAP Dilution of greening and remaining opportunities
Presentation for CEEweb workshop
Budapest, Hungary July 4th-5th 2013
Faustine Defossez EEB agriculture and bioenergy Senior Policy officer
Outline
• The reform: a necessity not a fancy idea
• The response from the European Commission
• A move away from greening
• Risk of going backwards?
• How to reverse the trends – remaining
opportunities
The EEB in short
• Created in 1974
• Europe's largest federation of environmental organisations with 140+ member organisations in the EU and in some accession Countries
The greening: a necessity
• Legitimacy of the policy: 77% of all europeans ask for stricter environmental conditions in Europe’s agricultural policy
• Unfair distribution of the funds: 80% of the money going to 20% of the farmers
• Depletion of our natural resources…
The greening: a necessity
• 13 factsheets about environmental issues and agriculture:
– Wildlife
– Climate Change
– Functional Biodiversity
– Food Consumption
– Genetic Resources
– Organic Agriculture
– Grasslands
– High Nature Value farming
– Pesticides
– Global Impact of EU Agriculture
– Soil
– Water Quality
– Water Scarcity
• The CAP and Wildlife
- 2010: EU failed to meet its target of halting biodiversity decline in Europe.
- Only 7% agricultural habitats in Natura 2000 are under favourable condition.
- Example: Distorted subsidies work against public goods in olive groves
• The CAP and Functional Biodiversity
- Annual economic value of insect pollination is +/-
€14.2 billion in the EU25 and €153 billion
worldwide.
- At least 56% of European crop production
depends on insect pollination.
+ Example: Environmental set-aside: a refuge for
functional biodiversity
The greening: a necessity
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP5xah72YDI
The greening: a necessity
Commission’s answers
• Back in 2011: Commission’s proposal
• Timid steps in the right direction (greening of direct payments 30%: three agronomic practices, inclusion of WFD and Sustainable Use of Pesticides in cross compliance, GAEC 7)
• But no minimum spending for the environment compulsory – risk management measures in Pillar 2
• Needed improvements to unlock greening potential
Co Decision
• For the first time ever: Co decision
• Full involvment of Council AND Parliament
Co Decision
Dilution of greening
• Council:
- Very bad position (in favour of equivalence for greening, deletion of SUPD and WFD in cross compliance… no minimum spending for the environment in pillar 2)
Dilution of greening • Parliament:
- The Committee responsible in the European Parliament (AGRI Committee) fully annihilated the greening + allowed double funding, emptied half of cross compliance…
- The ENVI Committee had very good opinions (only on Direct Payments and Rural Development)- but ignored by COMAGRI
- The Plenary reversed the trend but could
not do much
A Move away from greening?
• Deal reached in June 26th (Political agreement)
• Vote in COMAGRI: July? In plenary : autumn?
• Vote in Council: Autumn?
A Move away from greening?
• Content of greening measures weakened -EFAs: 5% (7% only after a legislative proposal and
codecision)- nitrogen fixing crops included with no pesticides requirement- Permanent crops exempted + Weighting factors for elements!
-Permanent grasslands: Definition improved but protection at national/regional/ farm level. N2000 grasslands protected but not the ones outside!
-Crop diversification: Reduced from 3 crops to 2 crops for
farmland between 10 and 30 ha
A Move away from greening?
• Raising of the threshold:
- EFAs: No EFAs under 15 ha! = 35,5% of UAA exempted from it. If 75% is grasslands= exemption from EFAs. Special exemptions for forest countries
- Crop diversification: no crop diversification below 10 ha
A Move away from greening?
Below 10 ha
arable land
Below 20 ha
arable land
Below 30 ha
arable land
% of UAA 2010 that
would be exempted
from crop
diversification
33%
(87% of all
holdings)
41%
(92% of all
holdings)
46%
(94% of all
holdings)
A Move away from greening?
Below 10 ha
agricultural land
excluding PG
Below 15 ha
agricultural land
excluding PG
Below 20 ha
agricultural land
excluding PG
% of UAA 2010 that
would be exempted
from EFA
31%
(86% of all
holdings)
35,5%
(89% of all
holdings)
39%
(91% of all
holdings)
A Move away from greening?
• Equivalence mechanisms (via Agri Environmental Schemes- and certification)
- List of equivalent measures annexed
- Soil cover and catch crops equivalent to diversification!
Risks of going backward?
• Weak/meaningless greening combined with
- Weaker cross compliance + removal of GAEC7, SUPD and WFD!
- Smaller Pillar 2 (budget)
- 30% Minimum spending for the environment BUT includes investment measures and former LFAs
- Reverse modulation (Pillar 2 to Pillar 1)
- Risks of double funding
Some remaining « opportunities »?
• Delegated acts (e.g: for EFAs.. For list of equivalent measures to greening)
• Taking place NOW!
Some remaining « opportunities »?
• Rural Development planning:
- Avoid: reverse modulation; use of risk management (especially income stabilization tool)
Some remaining « opportunities »?
- Ensure: Modulation from Pillar 1 to Pillar 2 (up to 15%); minimum spending in Pillar 2 goes to true environmental NOT investments
-Thematic sub programs: Use them for the best
- Use of European Innovation Partnership
• Participate in EEB/ BirdLife factsheets/report on greening in view of Plenary (October)
• Evaluation/monitoring to come
Some remaining « opportunities »?
Thanks for your attention!
questions?
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