the french revolution

The French Revolution1.What is a

revolution?2.What would cause a

revolution to occur?

• “L’etat c’est moi” (I am the state)

• “Sun King”– Divine Right

Theory• Increased French

territory– Warfare– Taxation

• Cultural Development– Versailles– Extravagance

LOUIS XIV 1643-1715

Part I. Old Regime “The Way Things Were”

•Louis’ Life •Condition of France

Louis XIV

Louis XV

Louis XVI

&

Marie Antoine

tte

• A history of divine right/absolute rule

•Levied taxes on subjects

• Poverty increasing

The People of France

1st Estate -Clergy

2nd Estate -Nobles

3rd Estate -Commoners98

%

1.5%

0.5

%1.How are the people of France divided?

2.What can you infer about the

population?

98%

• BOURGEOISIE

• Laborers/Peasants

• Sans Culottes

Who was the greatest threat? Why?

Who makes up the 98%

of the 3rd Estate?

Early French Monarchy

How would Enlightenment thinkers

react to such rule/conditions? Why?

Do Now:

What is the main idea of

the cartoon?

Grievances – 3rd Estate

1. Bourgeoisie:

2. Peasants:

3. Sans Culottes:

Political Economic Social

The French Urban Poor

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1787

1788

% of income spent on bread

Do Now: What does the data in the graph reveal?

•France = bankrupt–War Debts

•Never convened the Estates General

Louis XV 1715-1774

Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette: 1774-1793

• Inherits bankruptcy crisis– Bankers refuse to lend more

money• Unemployment; grain shortages

– Taxes increase– BREAD RIOTS!

• (1789)Convenes the Estates General (meeting of the 3 estates) – has not convened in 175

years

Welcome to the meeting of the Estates

General• We are here to discuss the financial crisis facing France today.

• Within your estate, please work together to figure out a plan for France’s recovery.

– Remember: The people are bankrupt, unemployed, and starving – and the banks won’t lend us any more money!

WHAT SHOULD FRANCE DO?

Traditional Rules Applied:

1. Each estate entitled to 1 vote!2. Reps of 3rd Estate storm out of meeting!

1st Estate -Clergy

2nd Estate -Nobles

3rd Estate -Commoners

Chapter 19 – The French Rev & Napoleon

III. Radical DaysA. Downfall of The Monarchy 1. Outbreaks of Violence2. The French Republic3. Death of a King and Queen

B. The Convention Under Siege1. Committee of Public Safety2. Robespierre3. The Reign of Terror

C. Reaction and The DirectoryD. Women in the RevolutionE. Changes in Daily Life

Stage II. Moderate Stage

(1789-1792)

3rd Estate forms a National Assembly

Tennis Court Oath: promise to implement a constitution for

France! Eventually joined by all

estates

LOUIS GETS NERVOUS! BRINGS IN TROOPS

Bastille Day – Parisians storm the “Bastille”

July 14, 1789

PRISON

SYMBOLIC ACT

This lead to the “Great Fear”….Why?

The Declaration of the Rights of

Man (1789)

Constitution of 1791•Separation of Powers

•Limited Monarchy•Equality of ALL men

–Rights of nobility are STRIPPED

How do you think French citizens reacted to the new changes?

How do you think French citizens reacted to the Declaration of the

Rights of Man?

National Assembly = Different Goals

CONSERVATIVES

MODERATES

RADICALSRADICALSResists Change

Limited ChangeExtreme

Change

How was the assembly divided?

Sans-Culottes/Peasants

Bourgeoisie1st & 2nd

Response to the Moderate Stage

1. Radicals:• Not far enough!

Desire a republic!2. LOUIS XVI• Tries to flee

France3. Nobility• Revolution went

too far! Emigrate; seek foreign help (Austria & Prussia)

4. Revolutionaries - Call on soldiers to

defend revolution- France declares war & defeats Austria/Prussia (1792)- Radicals take over &

setup new administration:

Commune- Imprison royal family

- Call for National Convention to write new constitution

Nationalist (Revolutionary) Spirit

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

Do Now: 1. What is the purpose of a national anthem?

2. What emotions do the following songs evoke (stir up)? Create a list!

A.

B.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijnCp-4n64&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K1q9Ntcr5g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

http://www.kididdles.com/lyrics/s118.htmlhttp://www.marseillaise.org/english/audio.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijnCp-4n64&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=

activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=4K1q9Ntcr5g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijnCp-4n64&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=

activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=4K1q9Ntcr5g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Arise children of the fatherlandThe day of glory has arrivedAgainst us stands tyrannyThe bloody standard is raisedListen to the sound in the fieldsThe howling of these fearsome soldiersThey come into our armsand slit the throats of our sons and companionsTo arms citizens Form your battalionsLet’s march, Let’s marchLet impure bloodWater our fields

La Marseillaise

Do Now: What is the story that is

being told through this

verse?

Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last

gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the

perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly

streaming?And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,

Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there.

O say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

III. Radical Stage (1792-1795)

“Liberty, Equality,

Fraternity”

Maximilien Robespierre (1793-1794)

“republic of virtue?”• Leader of National Convention– Creates Committee of

Public Safety– Reign of Terror– Dictatorship; campaign

against “enemies of France”

– Execution of Louis XVI“aid all peoples

wishing to recover their liberty”

The Execution of Louis XVI

& Marie Antoniette

(1793)

• Daily trials

•GUILLOTINE

•Approx. 40,000

executions

• MOST VICTIMS WERE COMMONERS!

Perspectives on the Reign of Terror

“It is with regret that I pronounce the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred

thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die that the country may

live” - RobespierreHomework:

• Do you agree or disagree? Why? • Did the execution of the King advance

the goals of the revolution or was it a setback? Explain your answer.

(one paragraph) – Due Tuesday.

French Revolution ~ Film Questions:1. What happened to Robespierre? Why?

2. How did the Directory govern France? (Stage IV)

3. What happened to the Directory?

4. Describe the characteristics surrounding Napoleon’s rule (+/-) ? (Stage V)

Do Now:

What do you see?

IV. Reactionary Stage (1795-

1799)• Moderates react to the

disorder• _____________ executed• Reign of ________ ends

The Directory (1795-1799)

-------------------------------

-------• 5 Directors ruled as executive

• Inefficient• Corrupt

• Coups d’etat

V. Age of Napoleon (1799-1815)

Directions: Perspectives on Napoleon

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Working with your group:

• Read documents and complete questions.• Create a “Word Splash”

a. Graffiti a piece of paper with…-key terms/phrases from the reading.-key words that immediately come to

mind based on the reading.b. Be prepared to have a speaker to present your “Splash.”

Your “Splash” should serve as a tool for your classmates to learn

about your perspective!

"His Monument": Napoleon’s Past and Future Are Filled with Dead Bodies

2.

Do Now: What would cause a ruler to lose

power?Create a list of ideas!

“the great Globe itself, and all which inherit it, is too small to satisfy such insatiable appetites”

“The Plum-Pudding in Danger”

1. What lands did Napoleon rule?

2. What would lead to the decline of an empire?

Reasons for Napoleon’s

Downfall

How did the Napoleonic Code satisfy the needs of all three

ESTATES in France?

1st 2nd 3rd

Do Now: Identify the meaning of each

cartoon and the reason why it was created.

“The Drinking King”

1.

In 1815, you are to meet with representatives from France, Russia, Austria, Prussia, and England to try to come up with a plan that will establish peace and order throughout Europe. This is not an easy task considering the recent events with Napoleon.

•Should France be punished severely/spared?•Divided into several states? Who should rule?

•Who should rule the countries conquered?• How can we prevent another Napoleon from

ruling?

The Impact of the French Revolution:Europe Post-Napoleon

What happens now?

Congress of Vienna ~ GoalsA meeting to bring order/peace back to Europe

Austria: Metternich England: Castlereagh

Russia: Tsar Alexander I

1. Establish a “balance of power” 2. Support principle of

“legitimacy”3. Compensation (nations that suffered because of Napoleon

are paid)

Impacts of Revolution ~ France

1. Ends Old Regime2. Limited Monarchy – Louis

XVIII– Declaration of Rights of Man– Napoleonic Code– Bourgeoisie (middle class) gains influence

3. Nationalism

Impacts ~ Outside France•1. Spread of Revolutionary Ideas

– Latin America!!

•2. Birth of Liberalism (reform and change)

•3. European Nationalism•4. Power shifts from France to England•5. Political Boundaries Change

–Austrian control of Italian/German states!