the clic project
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The CLIC project
• Brief overview of the CLIC machine and collaboration organisation
• Status: Feasibility studies and Conceptual Design Report (CDR) • Physics Guidance, stages and energy ranges – the best
possible machine • Plans for 2012-16 and towards implementation
Steinar Stapnes on behalf of the CLIC collaboration
The CLIC Layout
ICHEP Paris, July 24, 2010 2D. Schulte
140 ms train length - 24 24 sub-pulses4.2 A - 2.4 GeV – 60 cm between bunches
240 ns
24 pulses – 101 A – 2.5 cm between bunches
240 ns5.8 ms
Drive beam time structure - initial
Drive beam time structure - final
CLIC RF POWER SOURCE LAYOUT
Drive Beam Acceleratorefficient acceleration in fully loaded linac
Power Extraction
Drive Beam Decelerator Section (2 24 in total)
Combiner Ring 3
Combiner Ring 4
pulse compression & frequency multiplication
pulse compression & frequency multiplication
Delay Loop 2gap creation, pulse compression & frequency multiplication
RF Transverse Deflectors
CLIC Power Source Concept
3ICHEP Paris, July 24, 2010D. Schulte
Helsinki Institute of Physics (Finland)IAP (Russia)IAP NASU (Ukraine)IHEP (China)INFN / LNF (Italy)Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (Spain) IRFU / Saclay (France)Jefferson Lab (USA)John Adams Institute/Oxford (UK)
Polytech. University of Catalonia (Spain)PSI (Switzerland)RAL (UK)RRCAT / Indore (India)SLAC (USA)Thrace University (Greece)Tsinghua University (China)University of Oslo (Norway)Uppsala University (Sweden)UCSC SCIPP (USA)
ACAS (Australia)Aarhus University (Denmark)Ankara University (Turkey)Argonne National Laboratory (USA)Athens University (Greece)BINP (Russia)CERNCIEMAT (Spain)Cockcroft Institute (UK)ETHZurich (Switzerland)FNAL (USA) Gazi Universities (Turkey)
John Adams Institute/RHUL (UK)JINR (Russia)Karlsruhe University (Germany)KEK (Japan) LAL / Orsay (France) LAPP / ESIA (France)NIKHEF/Amsterdam (Netherland) NCP (Pakistan)North-West. Univ. Illinois (USA)Patras University (Greece)
The CLIC collaboration
CLIC multi-lateral collaboration41 Institutes from 21 countries
Structure of the project
CLIC/CTF3 Collab. Board
CLIC Steering CommitteeRepr. from accelerator and
detector/physics management structures
CLJC accelerator activities and management
Detector/Physics activities and management
Might interact with overall global LC consortium at some stage (CB and CSC)
CB: Every 6 months, links to WP update and status to provide active feedback/discussion basis to collaborators
CLIC Detector Issues
• Detector requirements are close to those for ILC detectors• First studies indicate that ILC performances are sufficient in many cases• Adapt ILD and SID concepts for CLIC• Close collaboration with validated ILC designs and work
• Differences to ILC• Larger beam energy loss• Time structure (0.5 ns vs. 738 ns)• Higher background due to:
• Higher energy• Smaller bunch spacing
• Other parameters are slightly modified• Crossing angle of 20 mradian (ILC: 14 mradian)
• Larger beam pipe radius in CLIC (30mm)• Denser and deeper calorimetry
• Linear Collider Detector study has been established at CERN beginning of 2009 (see http://www.cern.ch/lcd)
6
CLIC main parameters Centre-of-mass energy 500 GeV 3 TeV
Total (Peak 1%) luminosity 2.3(1.4)·1034 5.9(2.0)·1034
Total site length (km) 13.0 48.3
Loaded accel. gradient (MV/m) 80 100
Main linac RF frequency (GHz) 12
Beam power/beam (MW) 4.9 14
Bunch charge (109 e+/-) 6.8 3.72
Bunch separation (ns) 0.5
Beam pulse duration (ns) 177 156
Repetition rate (Hz) 50
Hor./vert. norm. emitt (10-6/10-9) 4.8/25 0.66/20
Hor./vert. IP beam size (nm) 202 / 2.3 40 / 1
Hadronic events/crossing at IP 0.19 2.7
Coherent pairs at IP 100 3.8 108
Wall plug to beam transfer eff 4.1% 5.0%
Total power consumption (MW) 240 560
Feasibility issues (some examples in the following slides): • Drive beam generation • Beam driven RF power generation • Accelerating Structures• Two Beam Acceleration• Ultra low emittances and beam sizes• Alignment • Vertical stabilization • Operation and Machine Protection System
CDRs: • Vol 1: The CLIC accelerator and site facilities (H.Schmickler)
• CLIC concept with exploration over multi-TeV energy range up to 3 TeV• Feasibility study of CLIC parameters optimized at 3 TeV (most demanding) • Consider also 500 GeV, and intermediate energy ranges
• Vol 2: The CLIC physics and detectors (L.Linssen)• Vol 3: CLIC study summary (S.Stapnes)
• Summary and input to the European Strategy process, including possible implementation stages for a CLIC machine as well as costing and cost-drives
• Proposing objectives and work plan of post CDR phase (2012-16)• Timescales:
• By end 2011: Vol 1 and 2 completed • Spring/mid 2012: Vol 3 ready for the European Strategy Open Meeting
Feasibility studies and the CDR
Fully loaded acceleration RF to beam transfer: 95.3 % measured.No issues found with transverse wakes in structures. Operation is routinely with full loading
Full commissioning of x 4 combiner ring
Drive beam current stability at the end of the fully loaded linac : better than CLIC specification: 0.75 10-3
1.2 us drive beam pulse
Key CTF3 feasibility milestones: drive beam generation
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Unloaded gradient at CLIC 4*10-7 BDR and 180 ns pulse length
T18 – strong tapering
T18 – strong tapering
T18 – strong tapering (now with recirculation)
T18 – strong tapering (CERN built)
TD18 – waveguide damping
T24 – high efficiency
TD18 – waveguide damping
T24 – high efficiency
MV/m
1400
3900
550
1300
3200
280
600
conditioning time [hr]
Interrupted by earthquake in Japan
1570
Generations of structures
Gradient, BDR and pulse length
December 14, 2010:
Probe beam accelerated by 23 MV in a TD24 accelerating structure, corresponding to 106 MV/m, in a reproducible way.
Meas. PETS power input to structure ~ 80 MW (~200 MW in the resonant loop)
Drive beam: 12.5 A, 113 MV, 12 GHz in CLEX (1.5 GHz beam combined factor 8), 140 ns pulse length
Probe beam: 0.08 A, 173 MV, 1.5 GHz, 8 ns pulse length
2010: Two-beam acceleration with a gradient of 106 MV/m
Two Beam Test Stand (TBST) results 2011 Well established two beam acceleration experiments Calibration converging, structure correctly tuned Interesting breakdown studies started
2011 : CTF3 TBTS running for full after winter shut-down. Gradients of 110 – 130 MV/m are routinely reached (20% above CLIC target).
Very
pre
limin
ary,
RF p
arts
in e
arly
cond
itioni
ng p
hase
Blue
: all c
ompo
nent
s, O
rang
e: lim
ited
to s
truct
ures
Experimental results on vertical nano stabilization
Design, hardware and methods are being developed.Methods: Stabilization (mechanical filters), beam-based feedback and vibration sensor based feed-forward used
No dynamic imperfections (but budget for static ones used fully) L = 120% (20% overhead for dynamic effects)
CMS-based ground motion model (hall floor) L = 53%
Plus transfer function of tested system L = 108%
Plus transfer function of system that will be developed L = 118%
DR: comparison to other projects
• CLIC requirements close to new generation synchrotron light sources (Operation- Projects)
• CLIC 500 GeV similar as ILC and demonstrated in ATF/KEK (normalized emittance)
• CLIC 3 TeV similar as PEPX/SLAC project.• Close collaboration with ATF/KEK (small
emittances) and CESRTA/Cornell (electron clouds)
Emittance conservation a challenges: • For example, CLIC main linac design fulfills
emittance requirements. Tight, but feasible component specification
18
Tunnel implementations (laser straight)
Central Injector complex
Central MDI & Interaction Region
Linear Collider Detector project @ CERNLCD: addressing physics and detectors at CLIC and ILC
Europe
Americas
Asia
CERN
Current focus: Preparation of conceptual design report for CLIC detectors => developed into a truly international effort in 2010
Experimental issues for a CLIC experiment now well understood, and detector geometries for the CLIC benchmark studies were fixed
Affiliation of CLIC CDR editors
Beam test with a tungsten-based HCAL for linear collider, CALICE collaboration
CLIC energy scans (for a single stage)
Requirement from physics : vary the c.m. energy for a given CLIC machine. Main options :• Early extraction lines : significant hardware modifications needed• Reduce gradient : disadvantage: need to scale down bunch charge linearly with gradient for
stability, leading to a significant luminosity loss (green)• CLIC drive beam scheme: gradient can be reduced while increasing pulse length. A large
fraction of the luminosity loss is recovered (black). Modifications to drive beam generation are minimal.
Lower gradient can be achieved by switching of phase of incoming drive beam bunches :
Drive beam energy after extraction
There are limits to the CLIC performance (luminosity) during an energy scan
What is the physics ?- some production cross-sections -
One of many possible models for new physics
SM physics, for example top studies should not be forgotten (not included in this plot)
Or whatever your favorite model is …
CLIC energy staging
3 TeV StageLinac 1 Linac 2
Injector Complex
I.P.
3 km20.8 km 20.8 km 3 km
48.2 km
Linac 1 Linac 2
Injector Complex
I.P.
7.0 km 7.0 km
1 TeV Stage
0.5 TeV Stage
Linac 1 Linac 2
Injector Complex
I.P.
4 km
~14 km
4 km
~20 km
CLIC two-beam scheme compatible with energy staging to provide the optimal machine for a large energy range
Lower energy machine can run most of the time during the construction of the next stage.Physics results will determine the energies of the stages.
Optimization need to take into many account many others parameters: performance and luminosities at various energies, costs, construction and commissioning times, manufacturing/re-use/move of components, etc
The drive beam setups can deal with various stages of the machine
CLIC implementation questions• Many questions:
• Waiting for physics guidance: Current trend are increasing limits on squark/gluino masses (but loop holes exist) – and currently no information about other SUSY particles (can be much lighter in some models) or Higgs (Standard Model or several)– Any wiser after summer conferences ? – Benefits of running close to thresholds versus at highest energy, and distribution of luminosities as
function of energy – We assume that we have to be sensitive from a light Higgs threshold (~200 GeV) to multi-TeV, in several
stages • What are the integrated luminosities needed and what it is the flexibility needed within a stage
– Interested in looking in more detail for at least one model in order to make sure the machine implementation plan can cope with whatever will be needed
– Complementarity with LHC a key • What are reasonable commissioning and luminosity ramp up times ?
– LHC will need 3 years to get to 50 fb-1 and collects ~50 fb-1/year at 1034 (roughly) • How would we in practice do the tunneling and productions/installation of parts in a multistage approach
– Cheapest (overall) to do in one go but we don’t know final energy needed, and it is likely that we can make significant technical process before we get to stage 3 (or even 2?)
– Timescales for getting into operation, and getting from one stage to another
• Answers are possible but must be found based on all available information at the time the project is launched
2011-2016 – Goal: Develop a project implementation plan for a Linear Collider :• Addressing the key physics goals as emerging from the LHC data • With a well-defined scope (i.e. technical implementation and operation model, energy and luminosity), cost and schedule• With a solid technical basis for the key elements of the machine and detector• Including the necessary preparation for siting the machine at CERN • Within a project governance structure as defined with international partners
After 2016 – Project Implementation phase:• Including an initial project to lay the grounds for full construction (CLIC 0 – a significant part of
the drive beam facility) • Finalization of the CLIC technical design, taking into accoun the results of technical studies done
in the previous phase, and final energy staging scenario based on the LHC Physics results, which should be fully available by the time
• Further industrialization and pre-series production of large series components with validation facilities
CLIC next phases
Final CLIC CDR andfeasibility established
European Strategyfor Particle Physics @ CERN Council
The next steps – focusing points
Define the scope, strategy and cost of the project implementation. Main input:• The evolution of the physics findings at LHC and other relevant data • Findings from the CDR and further studies, in particular concerning minimization of the technical risks, cost, power as well as the
site implementation.• A Governance Model as developed with partners.
In order to achieve the overall goal for 2016 the follow four primary objectives for 2011—16 can defined: These are to be addressed by activities (studies, working groups, task forces) or work-packages (technical developments, prototyping and tests of single components or larger systems at various places)
Define and keep an up-to-date optimized overall baseline design that can achieve the scope within a reasonable schedule, budget and risk. • Beyond beam line design, the energy and luminosity of the machine, key studies will address stability and alignment, timing and
phasing, stray fields and dynamic vacuum including collective effects. • Other studies will address failure modes and operation issues.
Indentify and carry out system tests and programs to address the key performance and operation goals and mitigate risks associated to the project implementation. • The priorities are the measurements in: CTF3+, ATF and related to the CLIC Zero Injector addressing the issues of drivebeam
stability, RF power generation and two beam acceleration, as we as the beam delivery system. (other system tests to be specified)
(technical work-packages and studies addressing system performance parameters)
Develop the technical design basis. i.e. move toward a technical design for crucial items of the machine and detectors, the MD interface, and the site. • Priorities are the modulators/klystrons, module/structure development including testing facilities, and site studies.
(technical work-packages providing input and interacting with all points above)
Summary table• Full info (as of end May):https://indico.cern.ch/getFile.py/access?contribId=10&resId=0&materialId=slides&confId=134291
R. Corsini, CLIC Project Meeting1st June2011
TE Name Material [MCHF] Personnel [FTE years]General CLIC-001 CLIC General 6 33
Project Implementation Civil Engineering & Services 0.8 12
Scope. Cost. Power Project Implementation Studies
Beam Physics BPH-BASE Integrated Baseline Design 4.3 232
Beam physics and machine parameters
BPH-LUMI Integrated Dynamic Studies
BPH-BCKG Background
BPH-POL Polarization
BPH-MP Machine Protection & Operational Scenarios
BPH-SRC E Main beam source, e-
BPH-SRC P Main beam source, e+
BPH-DR Damping Rings
BPH-RTML Ring-To-Main-Linac
BPH-ML Main Linac - Two-Beam Acceleration
BPH-BDS Deam Delivery System
BPH-DRV Drive Beam Complex
Beam & System Tests CTF3-001 CTF3 Consolidation & Upgrades 45.5 269
CTF3+ and CLIC zero, other system-tests
CTF3-002 Drive Beam phase feed-forward and feedbacks
CTF3-003 TBL+, X-band high power RF production & structure testing
CTF3-004 Two-Beam module string, test with beam
CLIC0-001 CLIC 0 drive-beam front end facility (includin Photoinjector option)
BTS-001 Accelerator Beam System Tests (ATF, Damping Rings, FACET,…)
BTS-002 Sources Beam System Tests
Technical Systems CTC-001 DR SC Wiggler 42.6 314
Technical design and prototypes of critical
components
CTC-002 Survey & Alignment
CTC-003 Quad Stability
CTC-004 Two-Beam module development
CTC-005 Warm Magnet Prototypes
CTC-006 Beam Instrumentation
CTC-007 Machine-Detector Interface (MDI) activities
CTC-008 Beam Disposal (post-collision line & dumps)
CTC-011 Controls
CTC-012 RF Systems (1 GHz klystrons & DB cavities, DR RF)
CTC-013 Powering (Modulators, magnet converters)
CTC-014 Vacuum Systems
CTC-015 Magnetic stray Fields Measurements
CTC-016 DR Exctraction System
RF RF-DESIGN X-band Rf structure Design 40.0 211
RF components and test-facilities
RF-XPROD X-band Rf structure Production
RF-XTESTING X-band Rf structure High Power Testing
RF-XTESTFAC Creation and Operation of x-band High power Testing Facilities
RF-R&D Basic High Gradient R&D & Outreach
XTBA-FAC Creation of an “In-House” TBA Production Facility
RF-MISC Miscellaneous RF
Total 139.1 1071
Present Status:• Work-program organized in WPs covering from hardware (very straight-
forward WPs) to working-groups (attempt to also describe as WPs)• Description of work-packages in some detail done (see following example)
• Mainly top-down, but input from CERN groups and collaborators in several areas
• All past collaborators have expressed interest to continue• New collaborators have been contacted and are getting involved (in
Germany, US, Russia, Belarus, UK, Spain ...)• Material and personnel profiles over 2012-2016 are reasonable agreement
with expected resources • Some cuts in material budget already implemented• Still need a 20-30% reduction
• Expect to converge by end of 2011 – plan collaboration workshop in November as an important event towards final plan
RF structures & High-power tests
• Basic feasibility ~ OK (for both accelerating structures & PETS)
Goals for the next phase (2011-2016):
• Implement full features (damping material, wake-field monitors, vacuum, cooling, PETS on-off …)
• Increase statistics, long-term running
• Optimization of fabrication techniques for cost/performance
• Start industrialization/large-series production
• Explore potential for further improvements
CLIC
tar
get puls
e
Typical RF pulse shape in ASTA during the last 125h of operation
PETS @ASTA - SLAC, klystron powered
PETS @ CTF3 – TBTS, beam powered
BDR <1.2 x 10-7/pulse/PETS
R. Corsini, CLIC Project Meeting1st June2011
WP: RF-xprod Purpose/Objectives/Goals Deliverables Schedule
Task 1: Construction of baseline accelerating structures
Test structures for statistical and long term high-power testing with all damping features and high power couplers (for SATS and Test modules in CLEX) we have to make sure that we count all the structures. including those for the CLEX modules
3 generations of test structures, total quantity 48, total cost ~6 MCHF.
12 in 201324 in 201512 in 2016
Task 2: Supply of small series development prototypes and/or medium power test structures
Test structures for full features (4), wakefield monitor equipped (4), optimized high-power design (8), different machine energy optima (4), optimized process (8), develop DDS (2) and choke (2), compressor (2)
Typically 12 variants in series of 4 structures each, total quantity 40, total cost ~6 MCHF.
8 structures per year
Task 3: Supply baseline PETS (note: most PETS fabrication accounted elsewhere, e.g. TBL)
PETS for statistical and long term high-power testing 4 PETS, total cost 0.2 MCHF. 3 in 20131 in 2015
Task 4: PETS for ON/OFF testing PETS for on/ off test 2 generations 0.1 MCHF
Task 5: Alternative fabrication method
Explore alternative fabrication methods Structure fabricated with alternative procedure
2012-2016
Task 5: Baseline to pre-series development
Take the fully tested x band rf systems and evolve their production techniques to an industrialized process
2015 onwards
Resources: 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
Material breakdown - - - - - -
Personnel (CERN or elsewhere)
- - - - - -
Example of activity: X-band Rf structure production
http://indico.cern.ch/categoryDisplay.py?categId=3589
Summary
• CDR underway and good progress on feasibility issues • Increased focus on ensuring the machine can be adapted to
running a several energies and be implemented in stages to provide physics as quickly and efficiently as possible
• Plans 2011-2016 formulated towards implementation plan – resources situation reasonable thanks to collaborative efforts
• CLIC organization adapted to new phase, being implemented now
Combined ILC/CLIC working groups
+ General issues groups for accelerator, chairs M. Harrison (ILC)/P. Lebrun (CLIC)
Activity Description Deliverables (2016) Material budget
Proj. Implementation, scope, cost studies, site, physics reach
Update and improve CLIC cost model & civil engineering studies
• Technical Design (TD) and Project Implementation Plan (PIP) of CLIC Zero• Improved cost model, feedback to CLIC baseline review, site studies
See next slides
Beam physics studies Beam physics and overall design
• Review of the CLIC baseline design • Beam dynamics studies for each area and overall – stability/alignment, timing and phasing, stray
fields … • Studies towards CLIC Zero
CTF3 + CTF3 consolidation and upgrade
• Consolidation and upgrade (higher energy, stability, reliability)• Drive beam phase feed-forward experiments• Upgrade and operate TBL as 12 GHz power production facility• Operation with beam for several CLIC two-beam modules
CLIC Zero Injector for the CLIC drive beam generation complex
• Build and commission 30 MeV Drive Beam injector with nominal CLIC parameters• Build and commission a few Drive Beam accelerator nominal modules• Participation to Technical Design of full CLIC Zero facility
RF Structures Design and fabrication of 12 GHz accelerating structures & PETSand associated R&D
• Build and test close to 100 accelerating structures• Build and test about 10 PETS prototype• Establish manufacturing experience, quality control, brazing and assembly procedures for
structure fabrication at CERN
RF test infrastructure Building, commissioning and operation of high-power RF test stands
• Six 12 GHz klystron-based RF high-power test stations, for about 12 slots, running before 2016• Continue high-power testing at 11.4 GHz (KEK and SLAC)• Contribution to high-power testing in CTF3+ (TBL)
Prototypes of critical components
Technical R&D – design, build and test prototypes of CLIC critical components
• Alignment • Quadrupole stabilization system• Several nominal CLIC two-beam modules, mechanically tested, beam tested• R&D and prototyping of critical beam instrumentation• Design and studies of machine protection system• DR technologies , e.g. superconducting wiggler prototypes, test with beam, extraction kickers
prototypes• Warm magnet prototypes• MDI and Post collision lines and beam dumps• Controls • DB RF system and powering
Preliminary
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