the classical greek polis: urbanism and democracy reconstruction of the greek city of miletus in...
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The Classical Greek Polis: Urbanism and Democracy
Reconstruction of the Greek city of Miletus in ancient Ionia
Priene, Turkey, 4th cen. BC (c. 350 BC)
The Classical Greek Polis: Urbanism and Democracy
acropolis
“high city”
agora
Mycenae (c. 1400 B.C.)hilltop citadel + palace = total urban area
I. Democratic culture produces a new kind of public space & new public buildings
Priene, Turkey, 4th cen. BC (c. 350 BC)Bronze-Age Greece
Classical
A. What were the two poles of Classical Greek cities?
Priene, Turkey, 4th cen. BC (c. 350 BC)
acropolis downtown with agora
I. A.
agora – town square, place where people assembled to agoreuein (“to speak to one another”)
Aristotle said that an acropolis wassuitable for oligarchy and monarchy and level ground for democracy (see Politics 7.10.4).
Greek historian/ethnographer Herodotus wrote that the king of the Persia said: “I never yet feared the kind of men who have a place set apart in the middle of the city [i.e., the agora] in which they get together and tell one another lies under oath” (Herodotus, History, 1.153).
I. B. Locate the major public buildings in a Classical Greek cityI. B. 1. stoas a. Definitionb. Activities displayed to the public in stoas
Priene, Turkey
agora
stoa
Priene
I. B. 2. council/senate house (bouleuterion)
Priene, Turkey
Remains of the Bouleuterion in Priene
Remains of the Ionic Temple of Athena Poliasin Priene, c. 334 B.C.
Priene, Turkey
I. B. 3. urban temples
Priene, Turkey
Theater at Priene, c. 300 B.C., seats 6000
I. B. 4. theater
Theater at Priene, c. 300 B.C.
Greek theaters bind audience to place through performance
I. B. 4.
II. Planned cities in Greece: a reflection of Pythagorean principles and a product of democratic values
Classical period: Greek new town ofPriene (ancient Ionia)
Archaic period: Greek colony of Paestum (Italy)
II. A. The Hippodamian city plan
Priene Miletus Piraeus (port of Athens)
II. A. 1. Who was Hippodamus of Miletus?
Hippodamus of Miletus (5th cen. B.C.), the first to theorize the gridded city plan.
Priene, Turkey
II. A. 2. What were the five main features of the Hippodamian plan?
1. Streets at right angles.2. Quarters divided into blocks3. Blocks subdivided into housing lots4. Public buildings set into the system without interfering with traffic5. Plan laid over any terrain.
Priene
Priene, Turkey
II. A. 3. How do we know that Pythagorean principles governed nature and not the other way around?
Priene: N/S street from temple to agoraPriene: main E/W street
II. A. 4. What is the nature of city wall in Greek planned cities?
Priene, Turkey
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