the circulatory system: treatment of heart disease

The Circulatory System:Treatment of Heart

Disease

Types of Treatment for Heart Disease

• There are many types of heart disease, therefore, there are many treatments.

• We will focus on the following:– Coronary Heart Disease• Angioplasty• Stents• Coronary bypass surgery

– Abnormal Heart Rhythms• Pacemakers

Angioplasty

• A blockage exists in one of the coronary arteries.

• A catheter with a “balloon” at the end, is pushed through a main vein or artery to the site of the plaque.

• When the balloon is positioned at the site of the plaque, it is inflated and the plaque compressed, opening the artery.

Angioplasty

• http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/index_reg.php

Stents

• Usually used following angioplasty.• Stents are wire mesh tubes that are inserted

into the area of blockage to keep the plaque compressed.

• When placed in the artery and released, they expand (much like the angioplasty balloon) and compress the plaque.

• They are left in the persons body for the rest of their life.

Stents

• http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/index_reg.php

Coronary Bypass Surgery

• What is a bypass? When is it necessary for a person to have bypass surgery?– A person has a severely blocked artery.– It is not fixable by other means, such as

angioplasty and/or stents.– The surgeon actually has to build a new coronary

artery.

Coronary Bypass Surgery

• How is a bypass constructed?– An unimportant vein/artery is removed from the

leg.– This vein/artery is then attached to the heart in

such a way that blood is diverted around the blockage, and directed to the part of the heart that needs it.• One end is attached to the aorta. Why?• One end is attached to the coronary artery BELOW the

site of the blockage (plaque). Why?

Coronary Bypass Surgery

• http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/index_reg.php

Coronary Bypass Surgery

Coronary Bypass Surgery

Pacemakers

• Some people have abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that are detrimental to their health.

• Their hearts conduction system is malfunctioning.– Electrical impulses are not coordinated the way they

should be.– Person can no longer rely on their heart to generate

the correct impulses.

• This is when a pacemaker is needed…

Pacemakers

• What is a pacemaker?– A pacemaker is a small device surgically placed

under the skin of the chest or abdomen.• It contains:

– Battery– Computerized generator– Wires with electrodes on one end

• The battery powers the generator, and a thin metal box surrounds both it and the generator.• The wires connect the generator to the heart.

Pacemakers

Pacemakers

Pacemakers

Pacemakers– Helps control abnormal heart rhythms by using electrical

pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate.– The pacemaker's generator sends the electrical pulses that

correct the heart’s rhythm.– A computer chip figures out what types of electrical pulses

to send to the heart and when those pulses are needed. – Newer versions of the technology can:

• Monitor and record the heart's electrical activity and the rhythm of the heartbeat.

• Monitor blood temperature• Monitor breathing rate• Adjust heart rate to changes in activity.

Pacemakers

Pacemakers

• http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/index_reg.php

Pacemaker vs. ICD• Implantable Cardio-defibrillator (ICD)– Fibrillation

• Rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of the heart.– Atrial fibrillation is not typically fatal.– Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) can be rapidly fatal.

– When a person is in V-fib, there is no blood getting to the tissues of their body.• The ventricles are just quivering rather than beating.

– This is when an external defibrillator would be used.• Electrified paddles applied to the chest and discharged.• Shocks the heart back into normal rhythm.

– For people with a chronic problem, a small defibrillator can be implanted in their chest.• Shocks the heart when ever it deems necessary.

– These are NOT pacemakers!!!

Row 1 = Team 1 Row 2 = Team 2Row 3 = Team 3 Row 4 = Team

425% 25%25%25%1. Team 1

2. Team 23. Team 34. Team 4

How many meters are there in 250 centimeters?

25% 25%25%25%1. 250 m2. 25 m3. 2.5 m4. .25 m

On the surface of the brain, what are sulci?

25% 25%25%25%1. Raised areas2. Recessed areas3. The lobes4. The bottom of the

brain stem

Rods allow us to see…

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. In bright light2. In dim light3. Using our peripheral

vision4. Both 2 and 35. Both 1 and 3

What is the fovea of the eye?

25% 25%25%25%1. Where light is focused2. Contains cones only3. None of the above4. Both 1 and 2

Which of the following are true about cones?

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. They are located throughout the retina

2. They respond to color

3. They are sensory neurons

4. Both 1 and 35. Both 2 and 3

Team Scores0 Team 10 Team 20 Team 30 Team 4

What part of the brain has been starred?

25% 25%25%25%

1. Frontal lobe2. Temporal lobe3. Cerebellum4. Occipital lobe

What part of the brain has been starred?

25% 25%25%25%

1. Parietal lobe2. Temporal lobe3. Cerebellum4. Occipital lobe

What part of the brain has been starred?

25% 25%25%25%

1. Parietal lobe2. Midbrain3. Cerebellum4. Pons

What part of the brain has been starred?

25% 25%25%25%

1. Medulla oblongata2. Midbrain3. Brain stem4. Pons

What part of the brain has been starred?

25% 25%25%25%

1. Parietal lobe2. Temporal lobe3. Cerebellum4. Pons

Team Scores0 Team 10 Team 20 Team 30 Team 4

The eardrum is associated with which part of the ear?

25% 25%25%25%1. External ear2. Middle ear3. Inner ear4. Choclea

Team Scores0 Team 10 Team 20 Team 30 Team 4

Which of the following are ossicles?

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. Malleous2. Stapes3. Inculus4. Both 1 and 25. 1, 2, and 3

Team Scores0 Team 10 Team 20 Team 30 Team 4

The sense of a person’s position in space is determined by…

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. Sight2. Inner ear3. Touch4. All of the above5. None of the above

Team Scores0 Team 10 Team 20 Team 30 Team 40 Team 5

Which of the following systems are closely linked with the endocrine system?

25% 25%25%25%1. Circulatory System2. Skeletal System3. Respiratory System4. Nervous System

Team Scores0 Team 10 Team 20 Team 30 Team 4

Which gland is the control center of the endocrine system?

25% 25%25%25%1. Thyroid2. Pituitary3. Pancreas4. Adrenal

Team Scores0 Team 10 Team 20 Team 30 Team 4