the "banlieues" of paris

The "banlieues" of ParisUnderstanding the links between immigration and segregation

Jean-Louis Pan Ké Shon

http://jlpks.free.fr jean-louis.pan-ke-shon@ined.fr

The suburbs of Paris

Definitions of a ‘banlieue’ Urbanized zone outside a city centre

Representation of a ‘banlieue’ + working class or disadvantaged neighbourhoods

Population of the Parisian suburbs

Outer City / Inner Suburb 2

1946 1975 2008

Total 6,6 9,9 11,7

Suburbs

3,9 7,6 9,5

City of Paris ("intra muros")

2,7 2,3 2,2

Paris, its ‘banlieues’ and the Paris region

Outer City / Inner Suburb 3

Post-war housing crisis in France

Housing shortage1. 20% of dwellings damaged or destroyed2. Construction backlog of 2 million dwellings3. 3 million sub-standard dwellings

Population increase

Outer City / Inner Suburb 4

1946 1975 2008 Population 40,5 M 52,6 M 63 M Urban

53 % 75 % 95 % Immigration 2 M 3,5 M 5,3 M

Parisian population growth

Outer City / Inner Suburb 5

A doubling of the Parisian population between 1946 and 1975

Causes of population growth1. Positive natural growth 2. Positive net migration from French regions3. Influx of immigrants and Algerian repatriates

Paris ‘banlieue’. New high-rise estate in 1964

Outer City / Inner Suburb 6Outer City / Inner Suburb

Housing estate, Clichy-sous-Bois

Outer City / Inner Suburb 7Outer City / Inner Suburb

Outer City / Inner Suburb

Population distribution Paris region, 1999

8Outer City / Inner Suburb

30 KM

Concentration of foreign households. Paris region, 1999

9Outer City / Inner Suburb

% immigrés Région Paris / total pop. Région Paris

Outer City / Inner Suburb 10

2008

%

Turkish

Italian, Spanish

Other European

Portuguese

Other African

Others

North African

0 1 2 3 4 5

Total proportion of immigrants in Paris region: 17.3 % France: 8.4 %

1982 1990 1999 Algerian

31.7 31.9 33.4 Moroccan

34.9 32.7 33.3 Tunisian

36.8 36.0 33.2 Sub-Saharan African

35.7 33.3 33.0 Turkish

43.1 44.8 47.0 Portuguese

19.7 18.7 19.7

Segregation in the Paris region

Outer City / Inner Suburb

Source : Préteceille, 2009

Dissimilarity index

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% non-European immigrants

Number of neighbourhoods

Non-European

immigrants

Total population

45-52.4 19 77 698 160 142

52.5-60 4 18 467 32 385

> 60 5 27 727 42 370

Segregation of non-Europeans in the Paris region

Outer City / Inner Suburb

Source : Recensements, Préteceille, 2009

Number of highly segregated neighbourhoods in 1999

12

Residential mobility of persons leaving disadvantaged neighbourhoods 1990-1999

Outer City / Inner Suburb 13

French nationals who moved: 63.1 % African immigrants who moved: 55.5 %

Immigrant segregation

Claims• Increase in segregation • Mono-ethnic segregated

neighbourhoods• Residential immobility

• Mobility, but continued segregation

• Immigrants pose problems because of their segregation

• Tendency towards ghettoization

Observations

Outer City / Inner Suburb

• Decrease in segregation • Segregated neighbourhoods are multi-

ethnic • High residential turnover

• Residential mobility of ethnic minorities is generally upward

• The majority of immigrants live outside segregated neighbourhoods

• No ghettoes, but a few hyper-segregated neighbourhoods

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The "banlieues" of ParisUnderstanding the links between immigration and segregation

Jean-Louis Pan Ké Shon

http://jlpks.free.fr jean-louis.pan-ke-shon@ined.fr

Évolution des effectifs d’immigrés - France

Outer City / Inner Suburb

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Immigrés Seine-St-Denis (93) / immigrés région Paris 2008

Outer City / Inner Suburb

Population totale du 93 : 1,5 M Immigrée : 0,4 M

%

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