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The Asian High Speed Rail Experience

T.C. KaoVice President ‐ Engineering (retired) Taiwan HSR Corp.ProfessorNational Taiwan University Visiting ProfessorUniversity of Illinois atUrbana‐Champaign

National Taiwan University

1

Four Asian HSR Countries

• Japan (1964)• South Korea (2005)• Taiwan (2007)• China (2008)

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Japanese Shinkanshen

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Japan - Shinkansen

• Commercial service:  Tokaido Shinkansen ( New Trunk Line) October 1, 1964, 515 km route length

• First line was planned in 1930s• After the war, 1959 restart• Enclosed ‐dedicated line• Electrification• Distributed power  EMU

4

High Speed Rail Network

Total length = 2459 Km

5

Some figures about operation(May 2008)

44 years in operation

4.9 billion passengers

up to 360,000/ passengers/ day(Tokyo‐ Osaka)

No Fatalities 

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High Capacity - Max Yamabiko

7

Shared operation

8

Rail Culture 

9

Earthquake Experience

• Designed for earthquake and

• Derailed experience

10

Evolution of Trackworks

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Evolution of HSR Civil Works

12

Korean HSR Experience

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Route of the KHSR

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Evolution of KTX trainsKTX/ KTX II / HEMU 400

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KTX - Technical Transfer from TGV

Fleets : 46 Train‐sets– 12 sets Directly Imported from Alstom– 34 sets Manufactured in Korea using Technical Transferred from France .

– Equipment manufactured in Korea under license, 87% localization rate for the final set, remaining 13% : Pantograph, Traction Motor, Control Units, etc

Technical Transfer– 350,000 documents– 23,000 pages in operation and maintenance manuals– 1,000  Korean engineers trained in France– 400 French engineers worked in Korea

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Development of KTX II

HSR350-X Project

Participants- KRRI : Project Management and System Engineering

- Rotem : Rolling Stock Manufacturing

- 50 Sub-vendors, 18 Research Institutes, and 29 Universities

are Involved

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Development of HEMU - 400

EMU type, to replace Push‐Pull type

Max. Speed of 400km/h

Higher Transporting Capacity 

Lighter Wheel Load (13 ton)

Higher Acceleration/Deceleration Rate 

Target Year to Complete : 2013

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19

KRRI Facility

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Trackbed Lab.

Track Lab. Structures Lab.

Environ. Lab.

Integrated test system for railroad infrastructure Multi axial testing system

for track components

High speed wheel/rail contact simulator 6-DOF seismic table Universal

Testing Machine

Environmental clean room

Tri-axial testing system for railroad ballast

Geo-probe for contaminated trackbed

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Track & Civil Engineering Facilities

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Taiwan High Speed Rail Experience

21

GDP of Taiwan (1970‐1997)

Per G

DP of Taiwan

 (US Dollar)

Annu

al In

creasing

 Rate

(%)

Year 22

Congestion of the Freeway

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94% of the population live on the west corridor

Population / m2

>150005000‐150003000‐50001000‐3000500‐1000300‐500100‐300<100

TAIPEI, Taoyuan

Taichung

Tainan, Kaohsiung

Hsinchu

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CarBus

TRARail

Airplane

Speed (Km/Hour)

High

Low

100 300 600

Capacity

Why does Taiwan need HSR?

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To enhance economic growth •High Capacity •Energy Conservation •Low Pollution•Land Use Efficiency 

To open up more areasfor development 

To relieve transport congestionalong the western coastal plain

CarBus

TRARail

AirplaneHSR

Speed (Km/Hour)

High

Low

100 300 600

Capacity

Why does Taiwan need HSR?

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CarBus Airplane

Speed (Km/Hour)

High

Low

100 300 600

Capacity

Why does Taiwan need HSR?

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"If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.”

Abraham Maslow

High Speed Rail Route Plan

• The total length of the High Speed Rail is 345 km (214 mi.) from Taipei to Kaohsiung and  passes through 14 cities and 77 towns.

• Stations to be constructed under the initial phase of the Project:

Taipei, Banciao, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chaiyi, Tainan, Zuoying (for Kaohsiung)

• Stations planned for later phases of the project: Miaoli, Changhua, Yunlin, Nangang

• Main Workshop: Yanchao (near Kaohsiung)

• Stabling Yard : Sijhih, Wurih, Zuoying

• Infrastructure Maintenance Bases: 

Sijhih, Lioujia, Wurih, Taibao, Zuoying

• Maintenance Center:  ZuoyingN

HSR Wurih Depot

HSR Zuoying Depot

HSR Sijhih Depot

HSR Taibao Depot

HSR Zuoying Station

HSR Tainan Station

HSR Chiayi Station

HSR Yunlin Station

HSR Changhua Station

HSR Taichung Station

HSR Miaoli Station

HSR Hsinchu Station

HSR Taoyuan Station

HSR Taipei Station

HSR Nangang Station

HSR Banciao Station

HSR Lioujia Depot

HSR Yanchao Main Workshop

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Master Program

20042000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006

Testing & Commissioning

Core System•Procurement•Installation

Track Works•Design/Build

Depots•Design/Tender•Build

Stations•Design/Tender•Build

Civil Works•Design/Build

ITEM2000.04~2004.09

1999.11~2000.11 2002.08~2002.11

2001.06~2003.082003.08~2006.10

2002.06~2005.04

2001.03~2005.11

2005.01~2006.12

2003.09~2005.11

2000.04~2006.02

Copyright © 2006 Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation.                                    All Contents Confidential.

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Concession  Period35 years

OperateBuild Transfer

Transfer assets to 

government

THSRC BOT Scheme

Planning

Planning byGovernment10 Years

THSR is the largest Build‐Operate‐Transfer infrastructure project in the World 30

Business class

Standard class

T700 Trainset

• 12 coaches• 1 business ，11 standard class• 989 passenger seats

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Civil Works • Bridges and Viaducts

(73%)• Tunnels (18%)• Earthworks (9%)

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Trackworks Evolution

• Pre‐ 1997‐ 100% ballasted track• 1998‐ 50/50  % (source of granite aggregate, subsidence, settlement, embankment).

• 2002‐ 99%  slab 

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Track Structures

• J slab• Rheda 2000• Low Vibration Trackworks (LVT)• Embedded Track – Edilon• Ballasted track

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Mix-Use of Rheda and J-Slab

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Interfaces Between Different Track Structures

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Performance of High Speed Trains in Earthquake

• March  4 ,2011  M= 6.4 Kaohsiung Earthquake• 6 trains in operation• One train lost the pantograph• On train derailed

37

New High Speed Rail Towns

N

Taoyuan :490 haHsinchu : 309 haTaichung : 272 haChiayi : 135 haTainan : 299 ha

Total : 1,505 ha

Taoyuan

Taoyuan

Hsinchu

HsinchuTaichung

Taichung

Chiayi

Chiayi

Tainan

Tainan

Hsinchu

Hsinchu

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The Big Bang -Chinese Experience

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China – Olympics HSR• China inaugurated its first HS line in

August 1, 2008.• In less than 3 years, China had

completed 7500 km HS line, the longest in the world.

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Most Ambitious Plan

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Fastest Train - CRH 380A

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How could this happen?

• Planned as early as 1990 • Two homemade high speed rail lines• Strong rail industry • 6 speed‐up incremental approach

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The Only Commercial Maglev Line

Courtesy of China Daily

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Thank you

、

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