the age of jefferson, 1800-1816. the capitol building c.1800
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The Age of Jefferson, 1800-1816
The Capitol Building c.1800
Jeffersonian Philosophy
Strict interpretation of Constitution=weak central gov’tSmall gov’t and less taxesAgricultural societySided with the FrenchPresidency with no trappings
Louisiana Purchase
France secretly acquired territory in 1800Napoleon willing to sell for war $Mission sent to buy N.O.Bought the whole territory for $15 millionPurchasing land not mentioned in Constitution…
The Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark lead the Corps of Discovery
Into the Unknown…
Vice President Aaron Burr
“Northern Confederacy”Split from Rep. partyRivalry leads to a duel between Burr and HamiltonHamilton killed, Burr in exilePlotted to form his own empire in the LA territory
The Duel
John Marshall’s Court (1801-1835)
Sought to increase Court’s and fed. gov’t power Federalist ideasMarbury v. Madison
Judicial reviewMcCullough v. Maryland
Implied powers
Supreme Court Chambers
Neutral Rights, Impressment, Embargo
Jefferson cut the size of the military by more than halfFrench and British both threaten US ships on high seasBritish impress American citizens (Chesapeake-Leonard Affair)Jefferson decides to abandon all trade with the Embargo Act
The Embargo Act 1807
War in Europe 1793-1807
• British captured French merchant ships
• Reexport Trade
• Load American ships with French goods
• Ships blocked by British
• Ships redirected to US
• French goods unloaded in US
• Another US ship loaded with same goods, but identified as American goods
• Ship allowed to pass through blockade to get to France
• Impressment
The Embargo Act 1807
No foreign trade at all
Economic slump begins
Embargo-runners emerge
Liability for Rep. party
Jefferson retired in 1809
James and Dolley Madison
James Madison
Jefferson’s Secretary of State
Most intelligent of Founding Fathers
“Father of the Constitution”
Won 1808 and 1812 elections
Preparing for WarEuropean TensionsNative Americans
Brothers Tecumseh & the “Prophet” Shawnee Leaders Wanted to Preserve Traditional Native American
Life Style Angered Over U.S. Government’s Mistreatment of
Native American Treaties Gov. William Henry Harrison Attacks
Prophetstown in 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe
The War of 1812: Causes
US desired Spanish Florida (Spain and England allied)
British impressment
Secure a foreign market
for US crops
“War Hawks”
Clay-Speaker of the House
Calhoun-leading Rep.
Vision of the War Hawks
Fighting Begins
Britain distracted by Napoleon until 1813
Invasion of Canada fails
Harrison defeats Tecumseh
Jackson ravages Indians in Florida
WarAmerican Navy Wins Battle On Lake ErieTecumseh Killed In October Of 1813Andrew Jackson
Defeated Creeks in Alabama & Seminoles of FloridaFour Major British Forces
Maine, New York, Maryland, & New OrleansWashington D.C. Burned
Dolly MadisonWhite House & Capital BurnedStorm Slowed British Advancement
War ContinuedFrances Scott Key-Battle Of Fort McHenryBattle Of New Orleans
Andrew Jackson71 American Deaths, 2036 British DeathsAmerican VictoryFought After Treaty to End the War Was Signed
Treaty Of GhentHartford Convention
Pushed By New England Federalists For SecessionLed to the Death of the Federalist Party, Dead By 1820
America Impression of British-Indian Alliance
The Burning of Washington
Hartford ConventionOpposition grows as war enters 1815Federalists in New England meetConsidered secession, listed grievancesRight of nullification statedAfter New Orleans, convention looks absurd and the Federalists disappear
Criticism of Hartford Convention
Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Ghent 1814
Signed before the Battle of New Orleans
Did NOT address impressment (the alleged cause of the war)
No real changes from 1812
Simply stopped the fighting
Led to other treaties
Rush-Bagot disarmed the Great Lakes
Economic agreements
Battle of New Orleans
Battle of New Orleans
Made a hero of Andrew Jackson
Over 2,000 casualties for British, about 20 for US
Biggest highlight of the war
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