th1_toward developing water saving and drought resistant rice

3rd Africa Rice Congress

Zaochang LIU, on behalf of Lijun Luo

Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center

10-22-2013 Yaounde, Cameroon

Toward developing water saving and drought resistant rice (WDR)

Why WDR?Why WDR?

How are we developing WDR?How are we developing WDR?

Current WDR varieties.Current WDR varieties.

Drip irrigation as an example of Drip irrigation as an example of

cultural practice for growing WDRcultural practice for growing WDR

Yield increase puzzle

With the global and frequent change of climate,

agriculture production often faces water

shortage ， and drought is becoming one of the

main limiting factors.

1996 启动超级稻2000 单产700Kg

2005 单产800Kg

1977-2007中国水稻平均产量变化( 数据来源： 联合国粮农组织统计数据库 )

Rice, the main food in China ， yield per unit area

remains unchanged for the past > 10 years.

(数据来源： 中国农业统计年鉴 )

19951995年江安吉年江安吉“ “ 协优协优 413”413”  亩产亩产 759759公斤、比对照增产公斤、比对照增产21.9921.99％浙江省历史最高纪录％浙江省历史最高纪录

it is hard to achieve this super high

yield level in large scale. Why?

Limited irrigation water and soil

fertility.

Super rice? Super rice? >11 t/ha>11 t/ha

2002年干旱偏重

2001年特大干旱

2003年严重春旱

2011年冬麦区严重干旱

2004年华南大范围秋旱

2010年西南地区大旱

Recent years in China, frequent drought or flooding caused huge loss of food production.

Breeding water saving and

drought resistant rice

varieties.

Breeding water saving and

drought resistant rice

varieties.

Environmental pollution

Flood irrigation of paddy field rice, esp. with increased

application of fertilizers and other chemicals for increased

yield, often causes eutrophication.

Global Methane Sources and Emissions

Breeding water saving and

drought resistant rice

varieties.

Breeding water saving and

drought resistant rice

varieties.

What is WDR No compromising yield ability

compared with paddy field variety.

Similar drought resistance to upland

rice.

Environmentally friendly

How are we

developoing WDR?

Breeding of WDR

• Breeding approaches

• Types of WDR

Traditional methods

New Biotech

Indica

Japonica

Inbred

hybrid

Inbred

hybrid

海南抗旱筛选

安吉抗旱筛选

上海抗旱鉴定

Breeding system through crossing paddy rice and upland rice and stressed selection

Upland DT selection

Tropical winter DT selection

Rice blast test

Rice cooking quality

Shanghai rain shelter selection

Yield idendification

×

F1

F5-6 lines

F2 population（ >1000 pl）上海正季选择

× New Combination

The recurrent parent

基因聚合、新种质新品种选育

MAS高产、优质、抗性基因定位

国内特色材料 国际水稻分子育种计划材料

NIILs

基因型鉴定抗性筛选

抗逆 NIILs

不同生态区表型鉴定

其它… . 优质 NIILs 高产   NIILs

Backcross

MAS and elite gene accumulation based on NILs

Current WDR

varieties

Inbred WDR

Huhan 15 (indica)

Field status after panicle booting

Huhan 15

Onsite visit and test

Inbred WDR-- Huhan 3 (japonica)

200 mu (13 ha) demonstration: direct sowing, no flood management, >600kg/mu (9 tons/ha)

Hybrid WDR (indica type)

Cross ， back cross, DT selection

Elite rice cooking quality, strong DT and good combining ability

（ 1 ） Upland sterile Huhan 1A

Plant new variety

certificate

Plant new variety

certificate

（ 2 ） Hanyou 3 (first WDR hybrid

combination)

WDRGood Cooking quality

Zhejiang Yiwu city: 550kg/mu (100ha demo, water saving 50%)

Guangxi ， even higher yield +50% than super rice under DT condition

Huhan 3 Huhan 2 BHanfeng B(DR CMS ML)

(WDR)

（ 1 ） Japonica sterile Huhan 2A

Hybrid WDR (japonica type)

Shanghai Fengxian2012.10.18

（ 2 ） Japonica hybrid WDR– Hanyou 8

Hybrid seed production field

Growth status at maturity of Hybrid WDR—

Hanyou 8 ： yield ability 9-12 tons/ha

Normal (rough) road= m /l yield fieldHigh way = High y filed

Super rice likes racing cars ， suitable for high way, while

WDR likes “Jeep” applicable for both high way and rough

road.

Super rice

WDR

Middle or low yield field often suffers water shortage, lower

fertility.

Demo Local Reviewer

★

★★

★

★

★

★

★★★★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

Demonstration of WDR varieties in Southeast Asia and part of Africa

Drip irrigation as an example of

cultural practice for growing WDR

Mission: Grow more with less through joint

application of water-saving and drought- tolerant rice

(WDR) and drip irrigation system.

7 月 24日长势

11 月 6日长势11 月 10日收割， 7成熟，千粒重 20克。 170天生育期

Seedling status on June 8 (sowed on May 21, 2012）

11 月 6日长势

Comparison in stem base status

Drip field: green to the base leaves

Control paddy field: weathered by sheath blight

Drip Huhan 3 (Japonica species) （ Oct. 23)

Drip Jinfeng (Japonica species)

(Oct. 23)

Panicle comparison of drip Huhan 3 and Jinfeng at harvest (Oct. 31)

Compared with the CH4 concentration in the paddy field (F), drip field resulted in significantly lower methane gas concentration, regardless to varieties.

Drainage (ml/day) under different cropping system

耕作层30cm处土壤溶液径流量(ml / d)

05

1015202530354045

Aug. 15-21 Aug. 31-Sep. 6

Sep. 6-12 Sep. 12-22

测定期间

径流

量（

31mm

渗透

管）

滴灌田免耕田水田

Paddy field

No tillage field

Drip field

Summary WDR showed the features of paddy rice and drought tolerance. Drip WDR showed the features of paddy rice and drought tolerance. Drip

irrigation is feasible for rice cultivation, especially when planting drought-irrigation is feasible for rice cultivation, especially when planting drought-

resistant water-saving rice varieties. resistant water-saving rice varieties.

Even without optimization of fertilization, rice yield under drip irrigation Even without optimization of fertilization, rice yield under drip irrigation

was equivalent that achieved under ordinary paddy field condition, while was equivalent that achieved under ordinary paddy field condition, while

agricultural water consumption is greatly reduced, and also significantly agricultural water consumption is greatly reduced, and also significantly

reduced greenhouse gas emissions, specifically the emission of methane reduced greenhouse gas emissions, specifically the emission of methane

gas. gas.

Drip irrigation combined with water-saving and drought resistant rice Drip irrigation combined with water-saving and drought resistant rice

reflects the features of high-yield, efficient and friendly to environment.reflects the features of high-yield, efficient and friendly to environment.

上海市农业生物基因中心欢迎您上海市农业生物基因中心欢迎您 ! !

Thank you very much!