test: the education unit a review… education is the social institution by which society provides...

TEST: The Education UnitA Review…

• Education is the social institution by which society provides people with important knowledge, including:

• A. job skills• B. basic facts and information.• C. cultural norms and values.• D. All of the above are correct.• Answer:• D. All of the above are correct.

In pre-industrial societies, education is often a matter

of:• A. formal schooling until the age of

16.• B. What parents can teach their

children.• C. no learning at all – It does not

exist.• D. teaching by religious leaders.• Answer:• B. What parents can teach

children.

The word “school” has the same Greek word for:

• A. learning.• B. wisdom.• C. leisure.• D. elder.• Answer:• C. leisure

In ancient Greece and China, the first people to have the benefits of schooling were:

• A. women.• B. soldiers.• C. the rich.• D. foreigners• Answer:• C. the rich!

In the world as a whole, _____ of children reach the secondary

grades in school.

• A. only about half.• B. just one-tenth.• C. three-fourths.• D. ninety percent.• Answer:• A. only about half

The basic reason schooling is limited in India is that…

• A. there is a lack of teachers.• B. the Hindu religion forbids formal

schooling.• C. children become soldiers.• D. in low-income countries, many

poor children still work for income.• Answer:• D. In low-income countries, many

poor children still work for income.

Compared to the United States, in Japan getting into college, is more

a matter of:• A. athletic ability.• B. personal ability demonstrated

on achievements tests.• C. family ties.• D. being rich.• Answer:• B. Personal ability demonstrated

on achievement tests.

In Japan, who pays for much of the costs of higher

education?• A. the students.• B. the parents.• C. the grandparents.• D. the government.• Answer:• D. the government

Child labor (with some kids working up to 60 hours a week resulting in a lack

of school attendance/ exposure) continues to be a problem in :

• A. the United States.• B. Great Britain.• C. India.• D. Japan.• Answer:• India

In Great Britain, regardless of their scores on achievement

exams, the children of well-to-do families:

• A. Generally do not go to college.• B. Must go to state universities like

everyone else.• C. are likely to go to high-prestige private

universities such as Oxford and Cambridge.• D. go to college, but only if they are males..• Answer:• Are likely to go to high-prestige private

universities such as Oxford and Cambridge.

By _____, a majority of adults in the United States had earned a high-school

diploma.• A. 1800.• B. 1880.• C. 1925.• D. the mid-1960s.• Answer• D. the mid-1960s.

In the United States today, what share of people over the

age of twenty-five have earned a four-year college degree?

• A. 25%.• B. 45%.• C. 65%.• D. 85%.• Answer:• A. 25%.

According to your text’s “Global Snapshot” chart, which nation has the highest percentage, aged 25 –

64, with a university degree?• A. Japan.• B. the Netherlands.• C. Canada.• D. The United States.• Answer:• The United States

The functions of schooling include:

• A. socializing the young.• B. creating a new culture.• C. helping to integrate a diverse

society.• D. All of the above are correct.• Answer:• D. All of the above are correct.

The term “hidden curriculum” refers to

• A. subtle presentations of political or cultural ideas in the classroom.

• B. the process of tracking by social background.

• C. the important role of parents in a child’s schooling.

• D. The idea that college is available only to those who can afford it.

• Answer:• A. Subtle presentations of political or

cultural ideas in the classroom.

Which of the following is a latent function of schooling?

• A. ensuring some common culture.• B. teaching about the U.S. way of

life.• C. providing child-care.• D. teaching job skills.• Answer:• C. providing child-care.

The most crucial factor affecting access to college in

the United States is:• A. Gender.• B. Money.• C. Personal Achievement.• D. Athletic Ability.• Answer:• B. MONEY!!!

Jonathan Kozol condemns the U.S.

educational system for:• A. focusing too much on students’ future

careers.• B. making use of achievement tests.• C. unequal funding that makes some schools

far better than others.• D. Paying some teachers more than they are

worth.• Answer:• C. Unequal funding that makes some schools

far better than others.

An example of the “social capital” advantage of well-to-do

students in U.S. schooling is parents who:

• A. spend more time reading to their children.

• B. value schooling and encourage their children.

• C. Encourage the development of imagination in their children.

• D. All of the above are correct.• Answer:• D. All of the above are correct.

As income goes up among U.S. families,

• A. there is no difference in the share of children who attend college.

• B. the share of children going to college goes down.

• C. the share of children going to college rises sharply.

• D. more women, but fewer men, go to college.• Answer:• C. The share of children going to college rises

sharply.

Credentialism refers to:

• A. evaluating people on the basis of educational degrees.

• B. giving the more privileged students the best teachers.

• C. teaching students to think positively of U.S. society.• D. making college in the U.S. too expensive for many

families.• Answer:• A. Evaluating people on the basis of

educational degrees

A social-conflict approach to U.S.

schooling suggests that:• Answer:• B. Schooling transforms social

privilege into personal merit.• (rich kids’ family affording Ivy

League schools, etc.)

. In the United States, which category of people, aged 25 and older, as the lowest

level of educational achievement?

• Answer:• D. Hispanics

When asked to rate the U.S. school system using a

standardized grading system, the largest share of people give

the grade of ____.• Answer• B. “B” – above average

For the United States as a whole, about _______ of people between the ages of 16 – 24

drop out before completing high school.

• Answer:• B. 12%

The drop-out rate is highest (30%) in which category of the

U.S. population?• Answer:• C. Hispanics

Across the United States, which region has the highest

dropout rate?• Answer:• D. the South

The problem with functional illiteracy means that

• Answer:• A. Many young people leave

school without having learned basic skills.

Compared to other high-income nations such as Canada, Germany, and Sweden, functional illiteracy in

the United States is:

• Answer:• D. somewhat higher

This document, often cited as the origin of current educational reform efforts, was published in 1983 by the U.S. Department of Education’s National

Commission on Excellence in Education.

• Answer:• B. “A Nation At Risk”

People who support the school choice movement claim that U.S.

public schools perform poorly because:

• Answer:• A. They have NO competition.

Magnet schools encourage:

• Answer:• A. Students to specialize in

specific areas of study.

The practice of including people with disabilities in regular educational classes

and programs is called:

• Answer:• B. Mainstreaming.

In the United States today:

• Answer:• C. There is a shortage of teachers!

Public schools have been losing teachers in recent years

because of:• Answer:• D. All of the above

– Job-related frustration– Low-pay– The retirement of older teachers

A general lesson of sociological research is that

• Answer:• B. we cannot expect schools by

themselves to improve the quality of education.

In the year 2000, men accounted for ____ of all U.S.

college undergraduate students.• Answer:• C. 44%.

True or False.A = True & B = False

• The extent of schooling in a society is closely tied to its level of economic development

• Answer:• TRUE!

• Schooling in all countries, high-

and low-income alike, reflects local cultures.

• Answer:• TRUE!

• In India, fewer boys than girls

reach secondary school.• Answer:• FALSE!

• In Japan, a larger share of students graduate from high school than in the United States.

• Answer:• TRUE!

• Schooling in the United States

seeks to promote equality of opportunity.

• Answer:• TRUE!

#43.• One latent function of schooling is

establishing social relationships and networks.

• Answer:• TRUE!

#44. Because the United States is so rich, almost 90%of

students attend private schools.• Answer:• FALSE!

• The hidden curriculum refers to the fact that schools teach cultural lessons that are not noted formally in any lesson plan.

• Answer:• TRUE!

. • Critics of U.S. schools have

demanded more use of tracking to give all students instruction geared to their abilities.

• Answer:• FALSE!

.• In general, the lower the average

income of a community, the larger the average class size.

• Answer:• TRUE!

.• On average, a college degree adds

about $50,000 to a person’s lifetime earnings.

• Answer:• FALSE! (a million min.)

• Most adults in the United States give public schools a grade of “A.”

• Answer:• FALSE!

. • Most people in the United States

do not believe that schools do an adequate job teaching personal discipline.

• Answer:• TRUE!!!!!!!!