test of handwriting skills-revised
Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Author: Michael Milone, PhD
Cassie Legg & Chris Matzye
TEST OF HANDWRITING SKILLS-REVISED
CHARACTERISTICS
• Age range:
• 6.0 years through 18.11 years (manuscript)
• 8.0 years through 18.11 years (cursive)
• Visual-motor (sensory) integration
• Individual/group administration
• Domain: Handwriting
• Neurosensory integration
PURPOSE
• Assesses neurosensory integration ability as evidenced by manuscript or cursive writing
• Determines if neurosensory integration difficulties contribute to learning problems (should be used with other assessments)
• Monitors progress of students with disabilities
• Guides instructional or rehabilitation practices
• *NOT a classroom penmanship test
TEST
• 10 Subtests
• Testing time
• 10 minutes to administer
• 15 minutes to score
• Test cost
• Kit (manual, 15 manuscript test booklets, 15 cursive test booklets, 30 record forms, and training video= $150.00
• Manual= $60.00
TEST DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION
• Majority of standardization tests were done on children ages 6-10
• Type of task and order of subtests remained the same as the original version because literature found them to still be valid
• Bias was tested and was not evident
• the U.S. population (region, race/ethnicity, gender, parent education) based on U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2000
• N= 1608
• Ages 6 through 18.11
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES
Internal Consistency
Test-Retest Interrater Validity
Manuscript (0.61-0.85)
N= 46 N= 53Manuscript= 12Cursive= 41
Content= developed so each would be common to a wide variety of children in standard academic settings
Cursive (0.65-0.92) Interval= 14 days Agreement among raters= 0.59-1.00
Construct= developmental changes, exceptional group differences: how these are involved in neurosensory integration
Total test score = 0.82 Typical correspondence= 0.75-0.90
TEST PROCEDURES
• Establish everyday writing style of student (manuscript or cursive)
• Standardized methods
• Use the exact wording in the instruction manual
• Test must be administered in order beginning with Subtest 1 and ending with Subtest 10 (utilize abbreviated assessment when time is limited: Subtest 6 & 7)
• Can be administered individually or in small groups but additional administrators are recommended for groups
• Subtests 1 & 2 are timed
• Note any behaviors that contribute to performance or suggest an underlying problem
EXAMPLE OF TEST ITEMS
SCORING
SCORING AND INTERPRETATION
AREA OF OCCUPATION ADDRESSED
• Education
• Formal education participation
ASSESSMENT APPROACH
• Bottom-Up
• Uses letter formation to assess neurosensory integration
APPLICATION OF ASSESSMENT
• School system
• Private practice
FRAME OF REFERENCE
• Sensory integration
• Looks at neurosensory integration skills
MEASUREMENT CONCERNS
• Competency in scoring and interpretation
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