telecommunication networks. rajiv gandhi memorial telecom training center

Telecommunication Networks

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

What is Telecom ?

Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication.

It is the technology of transferring information over a distance.

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Information1. Information can be of several type:

Audio – Telephone Text - Telegraph , email, SMS Pictures – Picture attachments Video – Clipping over internet Data – ATM to bank.

2. The same telecom technology/service cannot communicate all the types of information.

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Thrust areas in Telecom Customer premises equipment. Access Network Transmission Switching Computerization

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Communication – Fixed Lines

Telephone Exchanges

SubscriberLine(2W)

Inter-ExchangeJunction

SubscriberLine(2W)

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Communication - Mobile

TelephoneExchange

SubscriberLine (2W)

Inter-ExchangeJunction

Mobile SwitchingCentre (MSC)

BSC BTSMS

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Sub Access Network

MDFPrimary

CABINET

PILLARS

Secondary

Distribution

DP

DP

DP

DP

Drop wire

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NETWORK DIAGRAM OF CDMA / WLL SYSTEM

PSTN

BSC ( V5.2 OR R2/NO.7 )

BTS

FAX

FWT

2 Mbps DIGITAL LINK

..

MS

2 Mbps DIGITAL LINK2 Mbps

DIGITAL LINK

Telecom Network

BTSBSC : Base Station Controller

MSC : Mobile Switching CentreFWT : Fixed Wireless Terminal at subscriber premises.

MS : Mobile Station

TodaySeparate Service Networks

IP N

etw

ork

sIP

Ne

two

rks

PL

MN

PL

MN

PS

TN

/ISD

NP

ST

N/IS

DN

Services

Separate Access Transport & Switching Networks

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PSTN model Vs NGN model

Voice Network

IPNetwork

VideoNetwork

StorageNetwork

IPNetwork (for Voice, Data & Video)

• Dedicated Network per service

• Large Invest

• Multiple technologies / Knowledge

• Convergence technologies

• Cost reduction

• One Protocol, one Knowledge

Voice Data Video Storage voice Data Video Storage

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

PSTN model Vs NGN model

Voice Network

IPNetwork

VideoNetwork

StorageNetwork

IPNetwork (for Voice, Data & Video)

• Dedicated Network per service

• Large Invest

• Multiple technologies / Knowledge

• Convergence technologies

• Cost reduction

• One Protocol, one Knowledge

Voice Data Video Storage voice Data Video Storage

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

One network for everything

TodayToday TomorrowTomorrow

Telephonenetwork

Mobile radionetwork

IP-Network

Multimedia Access - Advantages:• easy to handle• reliable• mobile

Internet

Transition to NGN: Third wave

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Outdoor Plant

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training CenterPurpose of External Plant

To provide connectivity between CPE & Switch.

Advantages of copper over wireless. Dedicated channel for each customer More bandwidth than wireless.

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Local Loop

Signaling and Switching system

A Typical Public Switched Telephone Network

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EXCHANGE

PILLARSDP

BOX

PILLARS IN

PILLARS OUT

MDF Line SideMDF Exchange

Side

Pillar 125

DP TAG No

EXCGEquip No. CPE

MDF vertical-> Pillar In(hardwired), Pillar Out-> DP TAG No.(Hardwired)

Outdoor Plant Schematic Pictureork

Jumper Jumper

Drop-Pair

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training CenterC-DOT Switch

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

MDF (Main Distribution Frame)

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training CenterPILLAR

Pillar/Cabinet

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training CenterDP (Distribution Point)

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Customer Premises Equipment

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training CenterRosetteLine Jack Unit (LJU)

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Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training CenterTypes of Dialing

Decadic or Pulse Dialing

DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) or Tone dialing.

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DTMF

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Comparison of two types of dialing

Decadic The interruption rate or the

dialing rate is generally 10 Hz. Time taken for Decadic dialing

varies with the digits dialed (for dialing '0' maximum time is required)

On an average, it is possible to dial typically 0.8 digits/sec.

DTMF

Time taken to dial any digit is constant and it is possible to dial typically 7 digits/sec.. Thus, DTMF is almost 10 times faster.

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training CenterElectronic ringer

Piezo electric transducer

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

THE CLASSIFICATION OF UNDERGROUND CABLES

Jelly Filled cablePaper Core Cable.

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Jelly Filled Telephone Cables Conductor: Solid plain anneated high

conductivity copper wire of nominal diameter 0.32, 0.4, 0.50, 0.63, 0.90 mm

Insulation: Solid or Foam skin extruded polyethylene insulation grade stabilized. 100 % vergin material and colored as per requirement.

Pair: Two insulated conductors of specified colors twisted together with pre-determined lay to form a pair. The cross talk is minimized.

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