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Tecnoflon FKM and FFKM Tecnoflon FKM and FFKM portfolio: an overview on portfolio: an overview on
standard grades standard grades andand specialtiesspecialties
R. Villa
Utrecht, 12-02-2009
IntroductionIntroduction
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
History of FKM-FFKM
1892: Development of fluroalkanes (Swarts reaction)
1955: Elastomeric copolymer VDF-CTFE (M.W. Kellogg Co.-US Army)
1956: Copolymer VDF-HFP (Dupont) → improved heat stability
1960: Terpolymer VDF-HFP-TFE (Dupont) → better chemical resistance
1960s: Perfluoroelastomers - copolymers TFE/PMVE (Dupont)
1960s: Copolymers TFE-P (Dupont, Asahi Glass)
1960: Copo and terpolymers using 1HPFP instead of HFP (Montecatini-Edison SpA)
1970: Bisphenol curing chemistry (Dupont and 3M)
1970s: Terpolymers VDF/TFE/PMVE improved low T performance
Late 1970s: Peroxide curing chemistry – Br as CSM (Dupont) – I as CSM (Daikin)
Solvay Solexis: FKM and FFKM portfolio
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Presentation overview
1. Introduction – Fluoroelastomers key benefits
2. Fluoroelastomers classification/performances
3. Tecnoflon® grades portfolio: fluoroelastomers
4. Perfluoroelastomers classification/performances
5. Tecnoflon® PFR grades portfolio: perfluoroelastomers
Solvay Solexis tradename forFluoroelastomers (FKM) and perfluoroelastomers (FFKM)
Tecnoflon®
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Fluorine plus
Typical properties of fluoroelastomers are:
• Excellent chemicalchemical resistanceresistance• Excellent thermalthermal resistanceresistance• Very low permeabilitypermeability• Very good weatherweather, , OO22 and Oand O33 resistanceresistance ++ FluorineFluorine
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Fluorine plus
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
020406080100120140160180
Swelling in IRM 903 oil (%)
Hea
tRes
ista
nce
(°C
)
����
���
���
EAACM
CSM
CR NBR
ECO
FVMQ
FKM
FFKM
ASTM D2000/SAE J200 Spec. SystemASTM D2000/SAE J200 Spec. System
FKM and FFKMare at the top of
the range!
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Fluoroelastomers applications
• Automotive industry• Aerospace industry• Chemical & Processing industry• Oil field / Mining• Semicon industry
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Fluoroelastomers classification
� FKMs are classified according to monomer composition and ratio � FKMs are manufactured by polymerization polymerization of a limited number of monomers:
� Vinylidene Fluoride (VF2) CH2=CF2
� Hexafluoropropylene (HFP) CF2=CF-CF3
� Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) CF2=CF2
� Perfluoroalkylvinylether (PAVE) CF2=CF-OCF3 (main monomer MVE when Rf = CF3)
� Ethylene (E) CH2=CH2
� Propylene (P) CH2=CH-CH3
� FKMs can be further differentiated by curing chemistry
Two main cure systems:
� Bisphenol
� Peroxide
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Chemical composition
Fluoroelastomers (FKM) are classified according to monomer composition (ASTM D1418):
Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) are usually TFE / PAVE (MVE) copolymers
Type 1� VF2, HFP (Bisphenol)� Example: Tecnoflon® FOR 80HS
Type 2� VF2, HFP, TFE (Bisphenol or Peroxide)
» Example: Tecnoflon® FOR 4391 (Bisphenol)» Example: Tecnoflon® P 959 (Peroxide)
Type 3� VF2, TFE, PMVE (Bisphenol or Peroxide)
» Example: Tecnoflon® PL 855 (Peroxide)Type 4
� TFE, P, VF2 (Bisphenol)Type 5
� TFE, HFP, VF2, E, PMVE (Peroxide)» Example: Tecnoflon® BR 9151 (Peroxide)
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
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CF3
CF3
O-( PR4)+( PR4)
+ -O
C=OO=C
C
O
N-CH2-CH=CH2CH2=CH-CH2-N
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SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
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SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
• A full range of products for all kinds of items and processing technologies (compression, injection, transfer, extrusion)
• Tailor made materials for special requirements• New copolymers with improved performances (HS gradesHS grades
manufactured in US plant)
Tecnoflon® Bisphenol Curable
For bisphenol curable FKM, Solvay Solexis supplies:For bisphenol curable FKM, Solvay Solexis supplies:
• Raw gum• Cure incorporated materials (rubber + bisphenol +
accelerator + possibly processing aids)• Cure incorporated materials for rubber-metal bonding
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Tecnoflon® Bisphenol Curable
Portfolio
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SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
• A full range of products both for compression and injection moulding (high – low Mooney viscosity)
• Very fast curing rate•• Excellent mechanical propertiesExcellent mechanical properties•• Very low compression setVery low compression set•• Very low postVery low post--curing timescuring times (1 – 2 h)• Excellent processabilityprocessability
Tecnoflon® Peroxide Curable
For Peroxide curable FKM, Solvay Solexis supplies:For Peroxide curable FKM, Solvay Solexis supplies:
• Raw gum
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Tecnoflon® Peroxide Curable
Portfolio
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SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Main features / Applications:
• Good processability
• Excellent mechanical properties
• Permeation reduction: automotive industry (low
emissions)
• Friction reduction: automotive industry (shaft
seals, valve stem seals)
• Good chemical resistance: oil industry
• High purity: semicon / food industry
Tecnoflon® PTFE nanocomposites FKMs
NFT 7030
P757/30M
P959/30M
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Solexis FFKMs: Tecnoflon® PFR
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
FFKM: Chemical structure
nF
- C -
F
O
C -
F
CF3
F
- C -
F
F
C -
F
- -
mF
- C -
F
X
C -
F
- -
z
TFE MVE
Cure sitemonomer
Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) are basicallyTFE / MVE (PAVE) copolymers + CSM
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
FFKM: Thermal resistance
FFKM 320 FFKM 320 °°C C
Their thermalresistance
is the highest oneamong rubbers !
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
FFKM: Chemical resistance
Fluid type Typical example FFKMa FKMb Fluorine Content 72.5% 66% Aliphatic hydrocarbon Propane Excellent Excellent Aromatic hydrocarbons Benzene Excellent Excellent Organic acids Acetic acid Excellent Fair-good Inorganic acids Sulfuric acid Excellent Excellent Alcohols Methanol Excellent Fair-excellent Inorganic base Sodium hydroxide Excellent Poor-fair Organic base Aniline Excellent Fair Ethers MTBE Excellent Fair-poor Ketones Acetone Excellent Poor Nitrous oxidizers Ammonium nitrate Excellent Good Halogen oxidizers Chlorine Excellent Excellent Heat transfer fluids Ethylene glycol Excellent Excellent Oils & greases Mineral oil Excellent Excellent Halogenated refrigerants HFC-134a Fair-good Poor-fair Polar solvents Water Excellent Excellent
Chemical resistanceis by far improved
with respect to FKM !
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
FFKM: Classification
Differences in perfluoroelastomer performance are due to the different “weak points” nature (i.e. curing chemistry)
F
F
F3C-C-CF3
o
o
Curing point: Phenoxy groups
X-linking agent: Bisphenol AF
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
FFKM: Classification
Differences in perfluoroelastomer performance are due to the different “weak points” nature (i.e. curing chemistry)
NN
N
X-CH2CH-CH
2 -X
-CH 2CH-CH 2
-
X-C
H2 C
H-C
H2 -
00
0
Curing point: Halogen atoms (Br/I)
X-linking agent: TAIC
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
FFKM: Classification
Differences in perfluoroelastomer performance are due to the different “weak points” nature (i.e. curing chemistry)
N
N
N
CN
R4Sn
Curing point: Nitrile –CN groups
X-linking reaction: Triazine formation
Curing catalyst: R4Sn, etc.
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Performances comparison
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Tecnoflon® PFR grades are peroxide curable
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Performances comparison
Chemical resistance
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SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Grade Cross-linker Feature Max T (°C)
PFR 91 TAIC Not a true FFKM - Chemical Resistance 230PFR 94 TAIC Chemical Resistance 230
PFR 06HC TAIC Very high chemical resistance (strong amines) 230
PFR 95HT Incorporated Very high thermal resistance 320
PFR 5910M Incorporated High purity - low hardness 320PFR 5920M Incorporated High purity - medium hardness 320
Tecnoflon® PFR grades portfolio
All are peroxide curable !
All are peroxide curable !
Next Generation of Low Next Generation of Low Temperature Temperature
FluoroelastomersFluoroelastomers
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Overview
� History of Low Temperature Fluoroelastomers
� MOVE - new Low Temperature Monomer Technology
� Tecnoflon® VPL - a New Series of Low Temperature
Grades
� Testing Data on VPL versus standard LT FKM
� Applications Examples
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
The Fluoroelastomer Challenge
Chemical resistance
TR10
Per
form
ance
Target
High F wt%
Low F wt%
Current grades
� Could we have good low temperature properties and high chemical resistance as well?
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
The Fluoroelastomer Challenge
IncreaseIncreaseTFE
CF2=CF2
Slightly DecreaseDecreasePMVE
CF2=CF-O-CF3
IncreaseIncreaseHFP
CF2=CF-CF3
DecreaseDecreaseVDF
CH2=CF2
Fluid Resistance EffectTR10 EffectMonomer
� Low temperature performance and chemical resistance are dependent upon polymer composition
The only way to improve low temperature performance is to design a new monomer.
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
MOVE Monomer Solution
Tg = -39°CTg = -8°CTg = 160°C
MOVEPMVEHFP
CF2=CF
CF3
O
CF2=CF
CF3
CF2
O
O
CF2=CF
CF3
Fully Fluorinated Fully Fluorinated MonomerMonomer
No weak point !No weak point !
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Unique Properties of MOVE monomer
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
0 20 40 60 80 100
MOVE3 (mol%)
Tg (°
C)
Johnston eq.
PMOVEPVDF
MOVE (mol%)
2. Tg of copolymer lower than two homopolymers
1/Tg = wAPAA/TgA + wBPBB/TgB + (wAPAB + wBPBA)/TgAB
TgAB= -55 °C
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Market NeedsAutomotiveAutomotive
• Lower Sealing Temperature (cold environments)
• High pressure generates Tg shift �������� GDI engines require FKM with lower Tg compared to standard solutions
• Increased chemical resistance (biofuels) maintaining Low T performance
AerospaceAerospace• Low T Service combined
with high thermal resistance
• Low T combined with Fuels and HTS oils compatibility
Oil & GasOil & Gas• Drilling in cold
environments
• ED Resistance
• Chemical Resistance
FKM for low FKM for low
TemperatureTemperature
SealingSealing
...with good process...with good process--ability as well!ability as well!
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
)��������A <�/!
��/�=�3�� ������8�=�������������<�����
--3030--4040TR10 (TR10 (°°C)C)
VPL 85730 (45 MU)VPL 85730 (45 MU)VPL 45730 (25 MU)VPL 45730 (25 MU)
VPL 85540 (45 MU)VPL 85540 (45 MU)VPL 55540 (25 MU)VPL 55540 (25 MU)
TecnoflonTecnoflon®®
Beside the 2 main family of -40°C and -30°C, the new MOVE monomer technology allows us to improve other FKMs in term of
low T behaviour and chemical resistance.
MOVE Monomer Technology
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Volume Swell in M15 168h @ 23 °C
0
10
20
30
40
50
-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0Tr10 (°C)
�V
(%
)
MOVE Monomer Technology
PL -30
PL -24
66%F
68.5%F
70%FVPL VPL --3030
VPL VPL --4040
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Rheological Properties
100Polymer VPL
5phrZnO
30phrMT N990
4
2phrLuperox 101XL 45
phrDrimix TAIC 75
Compound recipeCompound recipe
454554MUPolymer Viscosity ML (1+10) @ 121°C
3.74.33.6minT90
1.92.11.8minT50
0.90.90.9minTs2
26,228,127,5lb*inMH
1,11,21,7lb*inMLMDR
6 minutes@
160160°°CC
474658MUCompound Viscosity ML (1+10) @ 121°C
VPL 85540
VPL 85730
TecnoflonPL -30
Product Name
Excellent cure profile due to SolvayExcellent cure profile due to Solvay’’ss
Branching & Pseudo Living Polymerization TechnologyBranching & Pseudo Living Polymerization Technology
Small difference Small difference between Polymer between Polymer and Compound and Compound
viscosity: excellent viscosity: excellent processprocess--abilityability
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Physical Properties
186177248%Elongation @ Break
C-Set 70h @ 200 °CO-Rings #214, 25% def.
Modulus @ 100%
Tensile Strength
Hardness Shore A
Product Name
%
MPa
MPa
pts
212223
6.27.54.8
15.015.820.8
677169
VPL 85540
VPL 85730
L.T. -30°C
Sealing behavior has not been Sealing behavior has not been affected by the new monomer !!affected by the new monomer !!
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15
Temperature (°C)
Ret
entio
n (%
)
VPL 85540 VPL 85730 PL -30°C PL -24°C
Temperature of Retraction
Due to correct monomer sequences in the polymer Due to correct monomer sequences in the polymer chain, TR10 and TR70 values are very close chain, TR10 and TR70 values are very close
Example of bad low T
Example of bad low T
relaxation behavior
relaxation behavior
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
VPL 85540 VPL 85730 PL -30°C FKM 70% F (TR10 = -7°C)
Vol
ume
Sw
ell (
%)
Fuel C: 70h @ 60°CCE10: 70h @ 60°CCE22: 70h @ 60°CCE85: 70h @ 60°CEthanol: 70h @ 60°C
Fluid Testing in Ethanol Blends
Comparable fluid Comparable fluid resistance as 70% resistance as 70% fluorine terpolymerfluorine terpolymerSuperior fluid Superior fluid
resistanceresistance
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Fluid Testing in Methanol Blends
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
VPL 85540 VPL 85730 PL -30°C PL -24°C FKM 70% F (TR10 = -7°C)
Vol
ume
Sw
ell (
%)
M15: 168h @ 23°CM85: 168h @ 40°C
Methanol: 168h @ 23°C
Superior fluid Superior fluid resistanceresistance
Comparable fluid Comparable fluid resistance as 70% resistance as 70% fluorine terpolymerfluorine terpolymer
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Fluid Testing in Additional Fuels
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
VPL 85540 VPL 85730 PL -30°C PL -24°C
Vol
ume
Sw
ell (
%)
PN-180: 336h @ 60°CFAM B: 168h @ 60°C
Superior fluid Superior fluid resistanceresistance
FKM 70% F (TR10 = -7°C)
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Fluid testing in Biodiesel
No problem No problem also in also in
BiodieselBiodiesel !!
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
Terpolymer 68.5%Bisphenol Curable
(TR10 = -13°C)
FKM 70%F (TR10 = -7°C)
PL -24 PL -30 VPL 85540
Vol
ume
Sw
ell (
%)
RME 336h @ 150 °C
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Compression Set Testing for 70 hours
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
VPL 85540 VPL 85730 L.T. -30°C L.T. -24°C
Com
pres
s S
et (%
)200°C150°C23°C
Improved compression set
resistance
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Heat Aging
Effect of heat aging @ 200°C
0%
50%
100%
150%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
time (h)
Ret
aine
d m
echa
nica
l pr
oper
ties
TS M100 EB HDS
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Compression Stress Relaxation
CSR via Elastocon at 150°C
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Hours
% R
etai
ned
Sea
ling
Forc
e
VPL 85540 VPL 85730 PL -30°C PL -24°C
Very Similar CSR to standard gradesVery Similar CSR to standard grades
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
VPL Performance in Fuel System Sealing
++Fuel resistance≅≅≅≅≅≅≅≅Compression set≅≅≅≅≅≅≅≅CSR
+≅≅≅≅Low Temperature Performance
VPL 85540VPL 85730Property
VPL -30 & VPL -40 versus standard PL -30°C
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Conclusions
� Breakthrough Monomer Technology (MOVE)
� Expanded low temperature performance of Fluoroelastomers � Superior Chemical resistance compared to standard PL -30 °C� Chemical Resistance comparable to 70%F PC� Excellent sealing behavior� Very good process-ability
Base resistant Base resistant technologytechnology
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Tecnoflon® BR grades
-(CF2-CF)-(CH2-CF2)-(CF2-CF)-
CF3 CF3
In order to reduce “Schmiegel” Sequences we can introduce Ethylene into VDF based polymers.
-(CF2-CF)-(CH2-CF2)-(CF2-CF)-(CH2- CH2)-
CF3 CF3
Protecting monomer
Standard Technology: “Schmiegel” Sequences:Weak point
BR Technology:
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
Base resistant materials
FKM Type 5 definition accounts for our BR technology
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
GoodPoorGoodGoodGoodFuels
PoorPoorGoodGoodGoodLow Temperature
GoodGoodGoodPoorPoorAmines
GoodGoodGoodGoodPoorSteam
GoodGoodGoodPoorPoorHydrogen Sulfide
GoodGoodGoodGoodPoorMethanol
GoodGoodGoodGoodGoodOil
GoodPoorGoodGoodGoodAromatic Hydrocarbons
FFKMFFKMTFE/PTFE/PBR 9151BR 9151FKM TerpoFKM TerpoFKM copoFKM copo
BR 9151: Performance comparison
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
New BR 9171
BR 9152BR 4152
New !
Chemical resistanceC
old
flexi
bilit
y
BR 9151
BR 9171
SOLVAY SOLEXIS © 2009, SOLVAY S.A.
BR 9171
• A new grade with by far improved chemical resistance compared toBR 9151 was developed
• Application targets:� Axle seals: Gear oil + 6% Sturaco additive (vs TFE/P)
NEWNEW
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Thank you!
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