technology in action chapter 11 1 databases and… databases and their uses database components...

1

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Databases and…

• Databases and their uses• Database components• Types of databases• Database management systems• Relational databases• Data warehouses and data marts• Information systems• Data mining

NEXT SLIDE

2

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Databases

• Electronic collections of related data

• Help us organize data

• Turn data into information

NEXT SLIDE

3

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Advantages of Using Databases

• Store and retrieve large quantities of information

• Data centralization

• Data integrity

• FlexibilityStudent housing

Financial AidRecording grades

Student Registration

Parents

Student Information Database

NEXT SLIDE

4

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Database Terminology

• Field:– Category of information

displayed in columns

• Data types:– Text– Numeric– Date– Memo– Object– Hyperlink

Field Name

One Field

NEXT SLIDE

5

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Database Terminology

Record

Table

Primary Key

• Record:– A group of related

fields

• Table:– A group of related

records

• Primary key:– A field value unique to

a record

NEXT SLIDE

6

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Database Types• Relational databases:

– Organize data in a table– Link tables to each other through their

primary keys

• Object-oriented databases:– Stores data in objects– Handles unstructured data

• Object-relational databases:– A hybrid of a relational and object-oriented

databaseNEXT SLIDE

7

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

• Application software designed to acquire and analyze data

• Four main operations of a DBMS are:– Creating databases and entering data– Viewing and sorting data– Extracting data– Outputting data

NEXT SLIDE

12

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Relational Database Operations

• Relational databases organize data into tables based on logical groupings

• Relationships are links between tables with related data

• Common fields between tables need to exist

• Normalization of data (recording data once) reduces data redundancy

NEXT SLIDE

13

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Data Storage

• Data warehouses:– A large scale

repository of data– Organizes all the data

related to an organization

– Data is organized by subject

NEXT SLIDE

14

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Data marts• Small slices of data• Data of a single

department

Data warehouse illustration

Source data• Internal• External• Customers

Data staging• Extract data from

source• Reformat the data• Store the data

Populating Data Warehouses

NEXT SLIDE

16

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Managing Data: Information Systems

• Information systems:– Software-based solutions used to gather and

analyze information

• Functions performed by information systems include:– Acquiring data– Processing data into information– Storing data– Providing output options

NEXT SLIDE

17

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Information Systems Categories

• Office support

• Transaction processing

• Management

• Decision support

NEXT SLIDE

22

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Data Mining

• Process by which data are analyzed and investigated

• Objective is to spot patterns or trends within the data

NEXT SLIDE

23

Technology In Action Chapter 11

Data Mining Methods

• Classification:– Define data classes

• Estimation:– Assign a value to data

• Affinity grouping or association rules:– Determine which data goes together

• Clustering:– Organize data into subgroups

• Description and visualization:– Provides a clear picture of what is happening

NEXT SLIDE