table of contents hs-emergency medical responder
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Table of Contents
Body MechanicsHS-Emergency Medical Responder
Table of Contents
1. Proper Body Mechanics Go2. Moving Patients Go3. Positioning Patients Go4. Equipment Go
Body MechanicsTA
BLE
OF
CON
TEN
TS
Table of Contents
Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
Body Mechanics◦ Moving and
positioning of the body
◦ Proper body mechanics: Increases efficiency Reduces risk of injury
◦ Incorrect body mechanics Can cause pain, fatigue,
and even disability
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Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
Physical Fitness◦ For proper body
mechanics, must be physically fit
◦ Exercise regularly Stretch Weights Cardiovascular
◦ Eat nutritiously
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Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
Posture – Standing◦ Proper body
mechanics begins with good posture
◦ Guidelines
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Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
Posture – Sitting
◦ Guidelines
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Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
General Guidelines◦ Know physical
abililities◦ Get help when
needed◦ Use equipment◦ Position feet on firm,
level surface◦ Explain plan to
patient
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Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
Reaching Guidelines◦ Keep back straight
and lean from hips◦ Don’t reach more
than 15-20 inches in front of body
◦ Avoid strenuous effort over one minute
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Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
Lifting Guidelines◦ Bend at knees◦ Use two hands◦ Maintain firm grip◦ Use legs, not back to
lift◦ First lift, then turn◦ Do not twist
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Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
Carrying Guidelines
◦ Use two hands◦ Maintain firm grip◦ Keep weight close to
body◦ Keep back straight
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Lesson 1 – Proper Body Mechanics
Pushing & Pulling Guidelines
◦ Push rather than pull◦ Use two hands◦ Push from the area
between your waist and shoulders
◦ Keep elbows bent◦ Push from kneeling if
weight below waist◦ Avoid pushing or pulling
from overhead position
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Lesson 2 – Moving Patients
EMR Role in Moving Patients◦ Move only when truly
needed◦ Recall primary focus◦ Situations where
necessary◦ Assist higher level
providers in lifting and moving patients
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Lesson 2 – Moving Patients
Types of Moves
◦ Emergency move
◦ Urgent move
◦ Non-urgent move
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Lesson 2 – Moving Patients
Emergency Moves◦ Patient must be
moved at once because of immediate danger Scene Patient in critical
condition◦ Patient blocking
access to another patient in critical condition
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Lesson 2 – Moving Patients
Types of Emergency Moves◦ Provide as much
protection to spine as possible
◦ 4 types of one-person emergency moves Shoulder-forearm drag Shirt drag Blanket drag Firefighter’s drag
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Lesson 2 – Moving Patients
Urgent Move
◦ Patient must be moved quickly due to immediate threat to life
◦ Situations
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Lesson 2 – Moving Patients
Non-urgent Moves
◦ Patient moved when ready for transport
◦ Allow for assessment and treatment completion
◦ Best way
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Lesson 2 – Moving Patients
Types of Non-urgent Moves◦ Patient moved onto
patient carrier device Direct ground lift Extremity lift Direct carry Draw sheet method
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Lesson 3 – Positioning Patients
EMR Role in Positioning Patients◦ Move only when
needed◦ If possible, wait for
higher level providers
◦ May need to position patient in certain situations
◦ Assist as requested
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Lesson 3 – Positioning Patients
Patient Positions◦ Depends on patient’s
condition Supine Lateral Fowler’s
◦ Follow local protocols◦ Use proper body
mechanics when positioning patients
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Lesson 3 – Positioning Patients
In the supine position, patient lies face-up with arms at sides
Suspected spine injury – placed on long backboard in supine position
Shock – placed in Trendelenburg position
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Lesson 3 – Positioning Patients
Lateral position
◦ On side
◦ Recovery position
◦ Fetal position
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Lesson 3 – Positioning Patients
Fowler’s Position
◦ Sitting
◦ Makes breathing easier
◦ When on stretcher, more comfortable
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
EMR Role and Equipment◦ Not responsible for
patient transport◦ May assist as
requested by higher-level EMS
◦ Be familiar with equipment
◦ Follow local protocol
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
What equipment to used depends on patient’s condition, weight, environment and help available
Should make move safest and easiest
Follow local protocols Use proper body
mechanics
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Types of Equipment◦ Wheeled stretcher◦ Portable stretcher◦ Orthopedic stretcher◦ Flexible stretcher◦ Basket stretcher◦ Stair chair
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Wheeled Stretcher◦ Has undercarriage
with wheeled legs◦ Can be rolled◦ Metal frame◦ Restricted to smooth
terrain◦ Safest and easiest
way to move patients
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Two rescuers can roll patients on wheeled stretchers
Method
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Carrying Patients on Wheeled Stretchers◦ Two rescuers can
carry patients on wheeled stretchers over curbs
◦ Four rescuers preferred to carry over rough terrain
◦ Two-person carry method
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Patient on wheeled stretcher loaded into ambulance
Method
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Portable Stretcher◦ No undercarriage◦ More compact and
lightweight◦ Must be lifted and
carried◦ May fold for compact
carrying and storage
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Carrying Patients on Portable Stretchers
◦ Four rescuers preferred
◦ Method for four rescuers
◦ Method for two rescuers
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Loading Patients on Portable Stretchers
◦ Patients may be loaded into ambulance on portable stretcher
◦ Method
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Orthopedic Stretcher◦ Splits into two or four
sections◦ Used with
musculoskeletal injuries and conditions
◦ Compact◦ Does not support
spine injury
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Flexible Stretcher◦ Made of flexible
material◦ Compact◦ Lightweight◦ Must be lifted and
carried
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Basket Stretcher◦ Made of rigid
fiberglass or metal that surrounds patients on three sides
◦ Used to carry patients over rough terrain
◦ Must be lifted and carried
◦ Also known as Stokes stretcher
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Stair Chair◦ Used to carry patients
up and down stairs◦ Should be used instead
of stretchers on stairs◦ Method◦ Should not be used
with unresponsive patients, suspected spine injury, lower extremity injury, altered mental status
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Backboards◦ Flat boards used to
immobilize patients
◦ Two types Long Short
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Long Backboard◦ 6 to 7 feet long◦ Immobilizes entire
body from head to feet
◦ Patient lying down◦ Also known as
longboards
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Short Backboard◦ 3 to 4 feet long◦ Used to immobilize
top part of patient’s body
◦ Patient in sitting position
◦ Also known as shortboard
◦ Kendrick Extrication Device (KED)
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Lesson 4 – Equipment
Power-lift position◦ Uses proper body
mechanics Power grip
◦ Gets maximum force from the hands
Power-lift & power grip provide safe and stable move
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Transport & Pt. Moving Equipment
Emergency Non-Urgent
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