synthetic aperture radar and image processing€¦ · remote sensing by radar. cartography of the...

Synthetic Aperture Radar and

Image Processing

João MoreiraUSP, January 23rd, 2017

1. Why SAR?

2. SAR Principles;

3. Airborne Segment;

4. Ground Segment;

5. Products and Applications.

CONTENT

WHY SAR?

Why SAR ?

0 20 40 60 80 100

Mean Cloud Coverage Rate (%)

Mean Cloud Coverage Worldwide

Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007

Radar Frequencies

BAND

Frequency

Wave

Length

Vegetation Coverage Worldwide

Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007

Why P-band ?

X-band P-band

PENETRATION OF X- AND P-BAND SIGNALS THROUGH VEGETATION

DTM and DSM

Terrain height model derived

from P-band data

Surface height model derived from

X-band data

Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007

Comparison: Radar X/P and Ikonos

Ortho Image of Ikonos - 02/2007, Paragominas Airport

Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007

Comparison: Radar X/P and Ikonos

Ortho Image in X band - 11/2006, Paragominas Airport

Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007

Comparison: Radar X/P and Ikonos

Ortho Image in P band - 11/2006, Paragominas Airport

SAR PRINCIPLES

Radar Illumination Geometry

Plattform mitAntenne

Flugrichtung(azimuth)

Beleuchtungsfleck(footprint)

Beleuchtungsrichtung(range)

Abbildungsstreifen(swath)

Depressionswinkel

Aircraft

with

antenna

Flight

Direction

Depression

Angle

Illuminated

Area

Range Direction

Mapping Strip

AIRBORNE SEGMENT

Data Acquisition: Flight Survey

OrbiSAR-1: inside airplane

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 – Energy Distribution

2 – Applanix POS AV

3 – P-Band transmission

4 – Control Computer

5 – RADAR receiver

6 – X-Band transmission

7 – Omnistar (Differential GPS)

8 – Mains supply

• Flight Segment: X-Band antenna set

OrbiSAR-1

IMU mounted on the beam

• OrbiSAR-1 Flight Segment : P-Band antenna

OrbiSAR-1

Survey Flight

GROUND SEGMENT

DEM SAR image Coherence

Geocoding and

Radiometry

Phase Coherence

Interferometric

Processing

SAR Processing

image1 image2Automatically

Semi automatically/

automatically

Data Acquisition:

from Processing up to Contour Lines

Flight Plan

and Flight

Trans-

cription

SAR

proc.

Geo-

codingMosaic

Map

Gener.Client

Hard

Disk

Delivery

DVD

Map

Prints

Production Chain

Production chain

Processing Block Diagram

Data Processing

Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. São José dos Campos/SP. Copyright 2003 - 2007

Cartography

Data Acquisition:

Ground Support for Flight Survey

Data Acquisition:

Ground Support for Flight Survey

PRODUCTS AND

APPLICATION

X-band ORI

Band: X

Resolution: 2.5 m

Scale: 1:25.000

P-band ORI

Band: P

Resolution: 2.5 m

Scale: 1:25.000

Classification using X and P-pol

ORIs and DSM-DTM

Vectorization

First detailed example of topographic map production

Second detailed example of topographic map production

ORTHO-IMAGE WITH CONTOUR LINES

Orbisat Presentation | Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. Brasil. Copyright 2003 - 2007

Corresponding Topographic Map in scale 1:50,000

Orbisat Presentation | Orbisat da Amazônia S.A. Brasil. Copyright 2003 - 2007

MAP GENERATION

Selected Area

Selected Area

TRANSITION: Image X: 85% - Topographic Map 1/25.000: 15%

Topographic Map – Scale 1/25.000

X ORI Mosaic

Miltônia-Paragominas

P-HH ORI Mosaic

Projeto Miltônia-Paragominas

DSM Mosaic

Projeto Miltônia-Paragominas

DTM Mosaic

Projeto Miltônia-Paragominas

MDT – Bandas X e P (Mosaico)

Miltônia-Paragominas:DTM Mosaic

Miltônia-Paragominas:DTM with drainage network

Blue Lines

Drainage, Water Bodies , Bassins and Micro Bassins

OrbiSat da Amazônia Ind. e Aerolevantamento S.A. | São José dos Campos/SP | Copyright 2008

Miltônia-Paragominas

Contour Lines

Miltônia-Paragominas

Road Network

Miltônia-Paragominas

Image Classification

Final Line Map

CARTOGRAPHY OF THE AMAZON

●White Boxes: no maps available in 1:100.000 scale

→ 1.796.256 km² or 2.464 map sheets in scale 1:50.000

REMOTE SENSING BY RADAR

CARTOGRAPHY OF THE AMAZON - AM

REMOTE SENSING BY RADAR

REMOTE SENSING BY RADAR

X BAND SAR IMAGE – PANAMA

Panama

1:10.000

Thank You