svagriha - the energy and resources...

SVAGRIHA

Apoorv Vij

Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats

TERI - BCSD

26th July 2012

SIMPLE

VERSATILE

AFFORDABLE

Need of green buildings

Source: : http://www.skittsal.com/bilder/home03_hotel_big.jpg

GRIHA

• Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)

created by TERI in 2005 and endorsed by Ministry of New and

Renewable Energy in 2007

• Green building rating based on 34 criteria

• Extremely detailed rating system

• Involves a lot of due diligence to ensure implementation on

site

what about small scale construction?

Source: http://realty.konni.in/konnihouse2.jpg

Source: http://www.skittsal.com/bilder/home03_hotel_big.jpg

And the cumulative impacts….

Source: http://v23.lscache1.c.bigcache.googleapis.com/static.panoramio.com/photos/original/16384620.jpg

SVAGRIHA

Simple

Versatile

Affordable

• Dedicated design-cum-rating tool designed for buildings with built-up area less than 2500 sqm.

• 14 criteria covering categories: landscape, energy, water & waste, materials and lifestyle

Criterion

number Criterion name Points

1 Reduce exposed, hard paved surface on site and maintain native

vegetation cover on site 6

2 Passive architectural design and systems 4

3 Good fenestration design for reducing direct heat gain and glare while

maximising daylight penetration 6

4 Efficient artificial lighting system 2

5 Thermal efficiency of building envelope 2

6 Use of energy efficient appliances 3

7 Use of renewable energy on site 4

8 Reduction in building and landscape water demand 5

9 Rainwater harvesting 4

10 Generate resource from waste 2

11 Reduce embodied energy of building 4

12 Use of low-energy materials in interiors 4

13 Adoption of green Lifestyle 4

14 Innovation 2

Total 50

Sub-Group Maximum points

Minimum points to be

achieved

Landscape 6 3

Energy 21 11

Water & waste

11 6

Materials 8 4

Others 4 1

Points achieved SVAGRIHA Rating

25-30

31-35

36-40

41-45

45-50

Advantages

• A simplified system which assists architects in designing as

well as rating the building

Composite

Solar Chimney/Wind Tower

Courtyards

Water bodies for evaporation

Reduced solar access

Building/Site planning to increase cross ventilation (layout of windows in the rooms and building for wind flow)

Earth berming

Thermal mass to reduce heat gain/loss

Dense vegetation cover to moderate micro-climate

Cavity walls

Terrace Garden/Green Roof

Roof insulation using clay pots(mutkas)

Design according to site slopes

Light shelves

Internal distribution of spaces to be carried out such that buffer spaces like store rooms, staircases, toilets etc. are located on the eastern and western facades

Cool roofs in the form of terrace gardens/roof ponds etc. (high reflective paint finish would not be accepted here)

Geothermal cooling/heating

Ventilators

Advantages

• A versatile system: no specific criteria is mandatory, only

points in each category are

Sub-Group Maximum points

Minimum points to be achieved

Landscape 6 3

Energy 21 11

Water & waste 11 6

Materials 8 4

Others 4 1

Advantages

• Designed for different climatic zones and incorporates

regional variations

• Entirely calculator based tool with pre-fed data

The Tool

Criterion 1

Reduce exposed, hard paved surface on site and maintain native vegetation cover on site

• This criterion specifies two aspects in landscape design:

1. Reducing or shading the hard paved surfaces

2. Preserving and protecting trees on site

Source: http://www.globalchangeblog.com/2010/04/city-dwellers-of-the-future-urban-heat-island-warming-may-be-as-large-as-doubling-co2/

Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE)

http://imgcash5.imageshack.us/img181/1695/sonycamv746xx1.jpg

• At least 50% of the total paved area should be soft

paved/shaded/coated with high SRI paint

Total paved area =

Site Area – (Building footprint + Landscape area)

• Preserve and protect trees on site

TOOL

Criterion 2

Passive architectural design and systems

• Benefits of passive architectural design features:

– Better visual and thermal comfort to building occupants

– Reduced overall energy consumption

• Benefits of active low-energy heating/cooling systems:

– Provide better thermal comfort to building occupants while reducing

energy consumption

– For example: fans, desert coolers etc.

Composite

Solar Chimney/Wind Tower

Courtyards

Water bodies for evaporation

Reduced solar access

Building/Site planning to increase cross ventilation (layout of windows in the rooms and building for wind flow)

Earth berming

Thermal mass to reduce heat gain/loss

Dense vegetation cover to moderate micro-climate

Cavity walls

Terrace Garden/Green Roof

Roof insulation using clay pots(mutkas)

Design according to site slopes

Light shelves

Internal distribution of spaces to be carried out such that buffer spaces like store rooms, staircases, toilets etc. are located on the eastern and western facades

Cool roofs in the form of terrace gardens/roof ponds etc. (high reflective paint finish would not be accepted here)

Geothermal cooling/heating

Ventilators

TOOL

Criterion 3

Good fenestration design for reducing direct heat gain and glare while maximising daylight penetration

• Good fenestration design is important for two reasons in

buildings:

– Reducing direct heat gain

– To bring in good daylight

Direct Heat Gain through fenestrations

Direct Heat Gain through windows depends on three aspects:

Orientation

Shading Devices

Glass Specifications

Direct Heat Gain through fenestrations =

Window Area

X

Insolation (dependent upon orientation)

X

SHGC of the fenestration (dependent upon shading & glass specifications)

TOOL

Criterion 5

Thermal efficiency of building envelope

2 points

• Thermal efficiency of the building envelope is an important aspect building construction.

• The better the thermal efficiency, the better the indoor thermal comfort of the space.

• Thermal efficiency of the building envelope predominantly

depends upon the specifications of the materials used for:

– Walls

– Glazing

– Roof

Source: http://i01.i.aliimg.com/photo/v0/298119591/vacuum_flask_thermos_stainless_steel_bottle_SS.jpg

City

Threshold

Points awarded

Residential Commercial

higher than sq.ft./TR

higher than sq.ft./TR

New Delhi 275 225 1

325 275 2

Mumbai 325 275 1

400 350 2

Chennai 275 250 1

350 325 2

Jodhpur 275 250 1

350 300 2

City

Threshold

Points awarded

Residential Commercial

higher than sq.ft./TR

lower than W/sq.m.

higher than sq.ft./TR

lower than W/sq.m.

Allahabad 225 165 200 190 1

300 125 275 135 2

New Delhi 275 135 225 170 1

325 115 275 135 2

Mumbai 325 115 275 135 1

400 95 350 110 2

Pune 300 125 275 135 1

375 100 325 115 2

Hyderabad 300 125 250 150 1

350 110 300 125 2

Chennai 275 135 250 150 1

350 110 325 115 2

Bengaluru 275 135 250 150 1

325 115 300 125 2

Kolkata 300 125 275 135 1

375 100 325 115 2

Chandigarh 275 135 250 150 1

350 110 300 125 2

Jodhpur 275 135 250 150 1

350 110 300 125 2

Criterion 9

Rainwater harvesting

• When we construct a building, we apply extra demand to the

existing water supply.

• The intent of this criterion is to attempt to reduce this

pressure on the water supply

• Store and use rainwater equal to at least 75% of total water

demand over 2 days

• Recharge surplus rainwater captured on site

Source: http://www.kingspanwater.com/i/Envireau-DirectLrg.jpg

TOOL

Criterion 13

Adoption of green Lifestyle

• Built-up area per capita

Built up sqm/capita thresholds

Residential 12.5 sqm< X < 50 sqm

Commercial (Office) 5 sqm< X < 10 sqm

Nursing Home (per bed) 100 sqm

School 4 sqm< X < 8 sqm

Hotels (per room) 35 sqm< X < 60 sqm

• Distance to be travelled for basic services

• Toilet/resting room for service staff

• Environmental awareness

or

• Kitchen Garden

TOOL

Benefits

Case study

• Assumptions:

– Residential building, G+2

– Each floor is a 3BHK

apartment

– Each apartment is 150 sqm

– Occupancy = 5

pax/apartment

– 2 bedrooms and Drawing

Dining have air conditioning

Energy – Base Case

• Summer months: 15th March 2012 – 15th October 2012

• Visual comfort: – Artificial lighting = T8 tube lights with copper chokes

– Operational hours – 6hours a day

• Thermal Comfort: – Conventional Envelope

• Bedroom 1: Split AC, 1.5 TR, BEE 1 star

• Bedroom 2: Split AC, 1.5 TR, BEE 1 star

• Drawing/Dining: Split AC, 2TR, BEE 1 star

• Operational hours – 7 hours/day (for bedrooms) & 5 hours/day (for living room)

Energy – Design Case

• Summer months: 15th March 2012 – 15th October 2012

• Visual comfort: – Artificial lighting = T5 tube lights with electronic chokes

– Operational hours – 6hours a day

• Thermal Comfort: – Envelope with Roof insulation and 6 mm tinted glass

– Air Conditioning:

• Bedroom 1: Split AC, 0.75 TR, BEE 4 star

• Bedroom 2: Split AC, 1 TR, BEE 4 star

• Drawing/Dining: Split AC, 1.5 TR, BEE 4 star

• Fans: BEE 3 star

• Operational hours – 7 hours/day (for bedrooms) & 5 hours/day (for living room)

Energy consumption

• Base Case

– Energy consumption for

Air conditioners = 7812

kWh

– Energy consumed by

Artificial lighting = 69.3

kWh

• Design Case

– Energy consumption for Air

conditioners = 3882.06 kWh

– But since the envelope is efficient, fans

would suffice for about 30 days in

summers.

– Therefore energy consumed for Air-

Conditioners + Fans = 3356 kWh

– Energy consumed by Artificial lighting =

37.8 kWh

Energy consumption

• Base Case – Total Energy consumption

= 7881.3 kWh

• Design Case – Total energy consumption =

3393.78 kWh

Reduction = 57%

Assuming Rs. 5/kWh

Money saved = Rs. 22,500/- per apartment/annum

Additional investment = Rs. 60,000/- per apartment

Water consumption

• Base Case

– Water consumption = 140 lpcd

– Water consumption for the

entire sample building = 2100

lpd

– Annual water demand =

766.5kL/annum

• Design Case

– 35% reduction in water demand

– Water consumption = 91 lpcd

– Water consumption for the entire

sample building = 1365 lpd

– Demand that can be met through

rainwater harvesting = 48.6 kL/annum

– Net Annual water demand = 449.6 kL

Reduction = 41% per annum

For 1000 such residential buildings

• Total energy reduction = 13460 MWh/annum

• Reduction in connected load (approx) = 4 MW

(@4kW reduction/apartment)

• Total water reduction = 317 ML/annum or approx 1MLD

Thank You

apoorv.vij@grihaindia.org

info@grihaindia.org