sustainable building systems by: justin kramer

SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SYSTEMSBUILDING SYSTEMS

By: Justin Kramer

Off-Grid Zero Emissions Building(OGZEB)

What is the OGZEB??

• Platinum Green– Water Efficient– Sustainable Site– Materials– Indoor Air

Quality– Energy

Energy Efficiency

Source: Daniel Kammen, UC Berkeley, ER 100 Lecture 1, Fall 2005

Energy Efficiency

Energy Consumption by Application

•Building Efficiency– Structural

Insulated Panels

• Consumer Efficiency– HVAC– Water Heater – Lighting

Energy Efficiency

$116/barrel inApril 2008

Energy Production

$116/barrel inApril 2008

$116/barrel inApril 2008

• Photovoltaic Panels– First Generation– 6 kW Array– 500 sqft

• Solar Thermal– 120 sqft Collector– 300 gallon tank

www.solarenergy.com

Energy Collection

Energy Storage

Electrolyzer Fuel Cell

H 2OH 2O

H 2H 2H 2

H 2 H 2

H 2H 2

O

Energy Storage

H 2H 2H 2

H 2 H 2

H 2H 2

Energy StorageThermal

O

Energy Consumers

Energy Consumption by Application

Energy Storage

Hydrogen Properties

Combustion Properties

Premixing Properties

No Premixing

50% Premixing

100%Premixing

NoPremixing

<- - - - - - - - -Propane - - - - - - - - -> Hydrogen

Hydrogen Properties

Experimental Setup

Temperature Gradient Setup

Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig

Temperature Gradient Analysis

Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig

Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig

Z=0 Z=0.5 z=1

Gradient Profile:135 Degrees1.25 psig

Hydrogen Retrofits

Solaire Grill

Solaire Burner

Burner Considerations

Hydrogen Burner

Thermocouple Plate

Rinnai Water Heater

Rinnai Burner

Burner Considerations

135 Degrees 180 Degrees

Both at0.5 psig

Both have a 0.0156 inDiameterOrifice

Hydrogen Burner

Hydrogen Burner Testing

Hydrogen Burner Results

Hydrogen Burner Results

Hydrogen Burner Results

Hydrogen Burner Results

Hydrogen Safety

University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain

Hydrogen vs. Gasoline

0 sec

University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain

Hydrogen vs. Gasoline

30 sec

University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain

Hydrogen vs. Gasoline

1 min

University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain

Hydrogen vs. Gasoline

1min 30 sec

University of Miami TestBy: Dr. M. Swain

Hydrogen vs. Gasoline

2min 20 sec

Conclusion/QuestionsConclusion/Questions

mdot Qdot Burners .25 psi .5 psi .25 psi .5 psi

4 8.31E-06 1.17E-05 1.01E+03 1.42E+036 1.25E-05 1.76E-05 1.51E+03 2.13E+03

10 2.08E-05 2.94E-05 2.51E+03 3.55E+0314 2.91E-05 4.11E-05 3.52E+03 4.97E+0318 3.74E-05 5.28E-05 4.52E+03 6.39E+0320 4.15E-05 5.87E-05 5.03E+03 7.10E+0324 4.98E-05 7.04E-05 6.03E+03 8.52E+0328 5.81E-05 8.22E-05 7.04E+03 9.94E+0332 6.65E-05 9.39E-05 8.04E+03 1.14E+0434 7.06E-05 9.98E-05 8.54E+03 1.21E+0438 7.89E-05 1.12E-04 9.55E+03 1.35E+0442 8.72E-05 1.23E-04 1.06E+04 1.49E+0446 9.55E-05 1.35E-04 1.16E+04 1.63E+0448 9.97E-05 1.41E-04 1.21E+04 1.70E+0452 1.08E-04 1.53E-04 1.31E+04 1.85E+04

mdot Qdot Pressure 0.0156 0.024 0.0156 0.024

0.25 2.08E-06 4.20E-06 2.52E+02 5.08E+020.50 2.94E-06 6.95E-06 3.55E+02 8.41E+020.75 3.59E-06 8.50E-06 4.35E+02 1.03E+031.00 4.15E-06 9.81E-06 5.02E+02 1.19E+031.25 4.63E-06 1.10E-05 5.61E+02 1.33E+03

Density

Propane 1.91 kg/m3

Natural Gas 0.68 kg/m3

Hydrogen 0.085 kg/m3

Error

The error in the data was ± 0.5 C for the thermocouples, ± 0.1 C for the thermistor and ± 0.0092 psi for the pressure transducer.