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1 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
European Summer School on Superconductivity 2008
June 11-18, 2008 at Prizztech Magnet Technology Centre, Finland
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mathias Noe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Technical Physics
2 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Outline
Superconducting Fault Current Limiters• Motivation and Basics of Fault Current Limitation• Different Types of SCFCLs• Application of SCFCLs• State-of-the-ArtMagnetic Levitation• Principle and Applications
3 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
„it is impossible to avoid short-circuit currents“
Motivation
4 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
22.6.2005 – Blackout in swiss train system
BlackoutDamage
Consequences of Short-Circuits
5 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Simplified Electrical Circuit
Grid Transformer Transfer Line Load
Peak short-circuit current Kp Ii ′′≤ 22
j XQ j XT j XL
Stationary Electrical Circuit (Three phase short-circuit)
3nUc
RLRTRQ
LTQK ZZZZ ++=
kI ′′
k
b
n
K
n
nb
k
nk Z
ZcIIgetwe
IUZwith
ZUcI =
′′==′′
33
c=1.1 for high SC currents
c=1 for low SC currents
6 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Conventional Measures to Limit Short-Circuit Currents
• Splitting into sub grids
• Introducing ahigher voltage range
• Splitting of bus bars
• (Sequential tripping)
• High impedancetransformers
• Current limitingair core reactors
Novel Concepts
• Superconductors
• Semiconductorse.g. FACTS
• Hybrid systems
Topologicalmeasures
Apparatusmeasures
PassiveIncrease of impedance at
nominal and fault conditions
ActiveSmall impedance at nominal loadfast increase of impedance at fault
• High voltage fuses(< 1 kA, < 36 kV)
• IS-limiter, CLiP(< 4 kA, < 36 kV)
• FCL circuit breakers
7 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Outline
Superconducting Fault Current Limiters• Motivation and Basics of Fault Current Limitation• Different Types of SCFCLs• Application of SCFCLs• State-of-the-ArtMagnetic Levitation• Principle and Applications
8 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
RSC
LQ Switch
RQ
U0
iac
Rp
SCFCL
Load
Different SCFCL TypesResistive SCFCL (pure resistive)
Electric circuit
9 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Without limiter
Normal op. Short-circuit Recovery
Time
Cur
rent RSC=0
LQ
RQ
U0
iac
Rp
iac
Different SCFCL TypesResistive SCFCL (pure resistive)
Electric circuitOperation modes
Switch
SCFCL
Load
10 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Normal op. Short-circuit Recovery
Time
Cur
rent
WithoutSCFCL
RSC>0
LQ
RQ
U0
iac
Rp
iac
Different SCFCL TypesResistive SCFCL (pure resistive)
Electric circuitOperation modes
Switch
SCFCL
Load
11 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Normal op. Short-circuit Recovery
Time
Cur
rent
WithoutSCFCL
RSC→0
LQ
RQ
U0
iac
Rp
iac
Different SCFCL TypesResistive SCFCL (pure resistive)
Electric circuitOperation modes
Switch
SCFCL
Load
12 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Normal op. Short-circuit Recovery
Time
Cur
rent
WithoutSCFCL
RSC→0
LQ
RQ
U0
iac
Rp
iac
+ compact, low weight+ fail safe- current leads to low temperatures
Characteristic
Electric circuitOperation modes
Different SCFCL TypesResistive SCFCL (pure resistive)
Switch
SCFCL
Load
13 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
RSC
LQ S
RQ
U0
iac
ip Lp
iSCA
B
+ compact, low weight+ fail safe- current leads to low temperatures
SCFCL
Electric circuit
Characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesResistive SCFCL (resistive-inductive)
14 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Electric circuit
iD
uD
I02
Diode characteristic
forward
reverse
LLQ
D1
D4
D3
D2
S
UbRQ
U0
iac
I0
SCFCL
Load
Different SCFCL TypesBridge Type SCFCL
15 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
LLQ
D1
D4
D3
D2
S
UbRQ
U0
iac
I0
Normal operation, no limitationiac < I0 SCFCL
iD
uD
I02
forward
reverse
iac2
Load
Electric circuitDiode characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesBridge Type SCFCL
16 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Short-circuit and limitationiac > I0
iD1,2
uD
I02
Positive half wave iacD1, D2 conduct
D3, D4 arrest if iac>I0
iD3,4
uD
I02
LLQ
D1
D4
D3
D2
S
UbRQ
U0
iac
I0
SCFCL
Load
Electric circuitDiode characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesBridge Type SCFCL
17 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Short-circuit and limitationiac > I0
iD1,2
uD
I02
Negative half wave iacD1, D2 arrest if iac>I0
D3, D4 conduct
iD3,4
uD
I02
LLQ
D1
D4
D3
D2
S
UbRQ
U0
iac
I0
SCFCL
Load
Electric circuitDiode characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesBridge Type SCFCL
18 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
LLQ
D1
D4
D3
D2
S
UbRQ
U0
iac
I0
SCFCL
iD
uD
I02
forward
reverse
Load
+ no superconductor quench (L can be non-SC)+ immediate recovery+ adjustable trigger current (depends on I0)- not fail safe- losses in semiconductors
Characteristic
Electric circuitDiode characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesBridge Type SCFCL
19 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
C1
Laod
LQ
RQ
U0
SCFCL
iACvL1 vL2
H1B1
H1
11
1
dBLdH
=
H2B2
H22
22
dBLdH
=
Electric circuitIron core characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesDC biased Iron Core
20 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
C1
Load
LQ
RQ
U0
SCFCL
iACvL1 vL2
iDC1 iDC2
H1B1
H1
11
1
dBLdH
=
H2B2
H22
22
dBLdH
=
HDC1
HDC2
Electric circuitIron core characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesDC biased Iron Core
21 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
C1
Load
LQ
RQ
U0
SCFCL
iACvL1 vL2
iDC1 iDC2
H1B1
H1
11
1
dBLdH
=
iacU0
H2B2
H22
22
dBLdH
=
t
HDC1
HDC2
Electric circuitIron core characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesDC biased Iron Core
22 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
C1
Load
LQ
RQ
U0
SCFCL
iACvL1 vL2
iDC1 iDC2
Characteristic
+ no superconductor quench, immediate recovery+ superconductor for DC only+ adjustable trigger current- high volume and weight- high impedance during normal operation
H1B1
H1
11
1
dBLdH
=
iacU0
( )
Δ = +
= +
1 2
1 2ac
v V VdiL Ldt
H2B2
H22
22
dBLdH
=
t
HDC1
HDC2
Electric circuitIron core characteristic
Different SCFCL TypesDC biased Iron Core
23 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Different SCFCL Types
And many other superconducting types
• Shielded core type
• Fault current controller
• Hybrid
• Flux lock type
And many other non-superconducting types
• Solid state breaker
• Series line compensation
• Polymer PTC resistor
• Driven arc switch
• Array of liquid metal switches
• Hybrid switch arrangement
24 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Outline
Superconducting Fault Current Limiters• Motivation and Basics of Fault Current Limitation• Different Types of SCFCLs• Application of SCFCLs• State-of-the-ArtMagnetic Levitation• Principle and Applications
25 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Transmission network
SL-Kabel
Distribution network
Distribution network
Distributionnetwork
SCFCL Applications
26 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Source:Noe, M.; Oswald, B.R., “Technical and economical benefits of superconducting fault current limiters in power systems”, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercon. Vol. 9/2, June 1999, pp. 1347 –1350
Transmission network
1
2
3
11
FCL
6
7
8
5
9
10
4
SL-Kabel
FCL
FCL Distribution
networkDistribution
network
FCL FCL 9
FCL
FCL FCL
FCL FCL
FCL
FCL
Distributionnetwork
1 Generator feeder2 Power station auxiliaries3 Network coupling4,5 Busbar coupling6 Shunting current limiting reactor7 Transformer feeder8 Busbar connection9 Combination with other SC devices,especially SC cables10 Coupling local generating units11 Closing ring circuits
SCFCL Applications
27 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Source:Fault Current LimitersReport on the Activities of CIGRE WG 13.10by CIGRE Working Group 13.10 (*), CIGRE Session 2004, Paris
• above
Feeder
Generator feederBusbar coupling
Transformer feeder
18%
15%
52%
15%
Which voltage level? Which location?
> 145 kVto 36 kV to 145 kV
87%
2%11%
SCFCL Applications
28 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
110 kV
10 kV grid
GeneratorTransformer
G
5...50 MVA
10 kV SCFCL
Coupling of decentralized Power Generation with SCFCLs
29 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
G
Transmissiongrid
MM
SCFCL
SCFCLSCFCL
SCFCLSCFCL
SCFCL
a) Medium voltage (e.g. 10 kV)b) Medium voltage (e.g. 10 kV)c) Low voltage (e.g. 0.4 kV)
a)
b)
c)
M
SCFCLs in Power Plant Auxiliaries
30 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Substation B
CB
CB CB
CB
Substation A
Substation C
CBG1
NewGenerator
SCFCL
CB
CB CB
CB
SCFCL in Generator Feeder Location
31 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
SCFCL
380 kV
220 kV
220 kV
380 kV
220 kV
380 kV
380 kV
110 kVB
110 kVA
Details: C. Neumann, SCENET Workshop on Superconducting Fault Current Limiters, Siegen, Germany, June 28-29 2004
Two Subgrids coupled with SCFCLs(e. g. RWE)
Weight: 383 tOil: 70 t
18 m
10 m
32 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
CB6 CB3
CB8
Load flow
S1
S3
S2
SCFCL
CB2
G1
CB5
CB1
CB4
CB9 CB11 CB10
CB7
CB14 CB15 CB12
CB13 G2
154 kV GISsubstation
in Seoul
High Voltage Busbar Coupling
33 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Outline
Superconducting Fault Current Limiters• Motivation and Basics of Fault Current Limitation• Different Types of SCFCLs• Application of SCFCLs• State-of-the-ArtMagnetic Levitation• Principle and Applications
34 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Important FCL projectsImportant FCL projects
- State-of-the-art -
Lead company Country / Year Type Data SC type
KfK Germany / 1980 Resistive 40 MW / 47 kV NbTi
GEC Alsthom France / 1989 Resistive 25 kV / 200 A NbTi
GEC Alsthom France / 1992 Resistive 7.2 kV / 1 kA NbTi
GEC Alsthom France / 1994 Resistive 63 kV / 1.25 kA NbTi
NEI UK 1979 Sat. iron core 5 MVA NbTi
ASC / General Dynamics US / 1995 Sat. iron core 100 MVA BSCCO
ABB Switzerland / 1989 Shielded iron core 100 VA BSCCO
ABB Switzerland / 1989 Shielded iron core 20 kVA BSCCO
Daimler Benz Germany / 1993 Shielded iron core - YBCO
Hydro Quebec Canada / 1993 Inductive 100 VA BSCCO
Hydro Quebec Canada / 1995 Inductive 100 kVA BSCCO
TEPCO / Toshiba Japan / 1990 Inductive air coil 400 V / 100 A NbTi
Sekei Uni. Japan / 1990 Inductive 600 V / 6 A NbTi
TEPCO / Toshiba Japan / 1990 Inductive air coil 6.6 kV / 1.5 kA NbTi
Actual and planned SCFCL projects in 1994
35 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
FAULT CURRENT LIMITERSAmerican Superconductor - (DOE cost share: $12.7 million)American Superconductor will also address the development and in-grid testing of a three-phase high-voltage, 115-kilovolt fault current limiter, called a SuperLimiterTM, by using second-generation wire. The SuperLimiterTM features a proprietary Siemens-developed, low-inductance coil technology thatmakes the fault current limiter invisible to the grid until it switches to a resistive state. The demonstration will occur at a location operated by teammember Southern California Edison. The team also includes: Nexans (France), the University of Houston (Houston, TX), Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos, NM), and Siemens AG (Germany).
SC Power Systems - (DOE cost share: $11 million)On the Southern California Edison grid, SC Power Systems (San Mateo, CA) will design, test, and demonstrate a 138-kilovolt saturable reactor-type fault current limiter. In this type of fault current limiter, a high-temperature superconductor is used with a direct current power supply to saturate an iron corethat interfaces with the line in which the current is to be limited. SC Power’s team includes: DOE’s Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos, NM); Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (Allentown, PA); Cryo-Industries of America Inc. (Manchester, NH); Consolidated Edison Company (New York, NY); California Edison Inc. (Rosemead, CA); Delta Star Inc. (San Carlos, CA); and Trithor GmbH (Germany).
SuperPower Inc. - (DOE cost share: $5.8 million)SuperPower Inc. (Schenectady, NY) will design, test, and demonstrate on the American Electric Power grid a 138-kilovolt fault current limiter thatfeatures a matrix design consisting of parallel “second-generation” high-temperature superconductor elements and conventional coils. SuperPower’steam includes: Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan); Nissan Electric Co. Ltd. (Kyoto, Japan); The BOC Group Inc. (Murray Hill, NJ); American Electric Power (Gahanna, OH); and DOE’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Oak Ridge, TN).
June 27, 2007
DOE Provides up to $51.8 Million to Modernize the U.S. Electric Grid SystemSuperconductor Research Crucial to Improving Power Delivery Equipment
36 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
YBCO coated cond.
MgB2
YBCO coated cond.
YBCO coated cond.
BSCCO 2223 tape
BSCCO 2223 tape
YBCO coated cond.
YBCO coated cond.
YBCO coated cond.
BSCCO 2223 tape
BSCCO 2212 bulk
BSCCO 2223
BSCCO 2223 tape
BSCCO 2223 tape
YBCO thin films
YBCO thin films
YBCO thin films
BSCCO 2212 bulk
Superconductor
-6.6 kV, 400 A, -Resistive-Rolls Royce
+7.6 kV, 1.2 kA, 3-ph.DC biased iron core2008Zenergy Power
+66 kV, -, 3-ph.Resistive2011AMSC / Siemens
+80 kV, -, 3-ph.DC biased iron core2010Zenergy Power
-3,2 kV, 215 A, 3-ph.Resistive2005CESI Research
-3.8 kV, 200 A, 3-ph.Diode bridge2004Yonsei University
+6 kV, 1.5 kA, 3-ph.Diode bridge2005CAS
-3.8 kV, 200 A, 3-ph.Resistive2004KEPRI
-1 kV, 40 A, 1-ph.Resistive2004CRIEPI
-200 V, 1 kA, 1-ph.Resistive2004Mitsubishi
+6.6 kV, -, 3-ph.Resistive2008Toshiba
+22.9 kV, 3 kA, 3-ph.Resistive2010KEPRI
+80 kV, -, 3-ph.Resistive2009IGC Superpower
-13.2 kV, 630 A, 1-ph.Resistive2007Hyundai / AMSC
-7.5 V, 267 A, 1-ph.Resistive2007Siemens / AMSC
?20 kV, 1.6 kA, 3ph.DC biased iron core2007Innopower
-13.2 kV, 630 A, 3-ph.Res.-hybrid2007KEPRI
+6.9 kV, 600 A, 3-ph.Resistive2004ACCEL/Nexans SC
Field testData 2)TypeYear/Coutry 1)Lead company
1) Year of test2) Phase to ground voltage
Status of SCFCL development
37 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Courtesy: Nexans SuperConductors
Rated voltage 12 kV
Rated current 800 A
Max. current 1.8 kA
Lim. time 120 ms
Lim. current < 27 kA
3-phase arrangement
Courtesy: Nexans SuperConductors
Bi 2212 component
Cou
rtes
y:
Nex
ans
Supe
rCon
duct
ors
First Commercial SCFCL Installation
38 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Objective
• Development and in-grid testing of a 3-phase high voltage 115 kV, 1.2 kA SCFCL
• Funded by US DOE; partners AMSC, Siemens, Nexans, LANL; budget $ 25.4 million for4.5 years (2007-2012)
Benefit
• Enable load growth and higher reliability in grid networks
Siemens
• Grid integration studies
• Development of switching module (coil stack)
• Design of HV and cryogenic system
• Laboratory pre-tests
Nexans
• Current leads
Resistive Type SCFCLAMSC/Siemens
39 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Resistive Type SCFCLSuperpower
Test arrangementCurrent and voltage
Objective: 138 kV SCFCL until 2009
40 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Courtesy: Zenergy Power Short-circuit tests at Powertech Labs British
Columbia, December 2007
Bi 2223 DC coil
13 kV, 1.2 kA
DC biased Iron Core
41 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Diode Bridge Type SCFCL in China 10 kV, 1.5 kA
First successful field test of a diode bridge type SCFCL at Gaoxi substation in Hunan / China since October 2005
Installation at Gaoxi substation
HTS coil
DataVoltage 10.5 kVLightning voltage 75 kVCurrent 1.5 kACoil inductance 6.24 mH
LLQD1
D4
D3
D2
S
RQ
U0
iac
SCFCL
Load
IGCT
42 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Obejctive (99’-2005)Development and field test of a 10 kV, 10 MVA SCFCL demonstrator
DataVoltage 10 kVCurrent 600 Power (3 ph.) 10 MVAShort-circuit time 60 msMax. short-circuit current 8.75 kA (5 ms)
PartnerACCEL Coordination, System engineeringRWE Energy Field test, Specification E.ON SpecificationNexans SuperConductors MCP-BSCCO 2212 developmentATZ YBCO developmentEUS power system simulationACCESS FEM simulationForschungszentrum Karlsruhe Material characterization and quench tests
BMBF Project CURL10
43 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
BMBF Project CURL10
44 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Setup:
Data:Outer diameter: 58 mmSuperconductor length: 5.4 mSupercondcutor cross section: 0.24 cm²Critical current (65K): 850 APower (65K): >130 kVA
Data:Outer diameter: 58 mmSuperconductor length: 5.4 mSupercondcutor cross section: 0.24 cm²Critical current (65K): 850 APower (65K): >130 kVA
Most powerful element for resistive SCFCLs !Most powerful element for resistive SCFCLs !
StabilisationBSCCO 2212
Shunt
Isolation
Solder
BMBF Project CURL10MCP-BSCCO2212 bifilar coils (Nexans SuperConductors)
45 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
CURL10 field test in Netphen April 2004-March 2005
BMBF Project CURL10
SCFCL
110 kV15 MVA
uk = 12,5 %Sk = 125 MVA
Load
10 kV
46 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
60 70 80 90 100 110 120-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
810 kV, 65 K, FGH
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Cur
rent
/ kA
Time / ms60 70 80 90 100 110 120
-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-202468
1012
10 kV, 65 K, FGH Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Volta
ge /
kV
Time / ms
Final three phase short-circuit test of CURL10 (October 2003)
BMBF Project CURL10
47 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
BMBF Project CURL10
48 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
FCLG
High current feeder with generator, SCFCL and cable+ compact very high current connection+ high normal current, low short-circuit current
FCL
Fault current limiting cable+ active current limitation+ lower short-circuit rating
FCL
Fault current limiting transformer+ active current limitation+ less volume, less weight, oil free
Current Limiting Systems
49 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
• Low loss, high current conductors
• Simple and inexpensive SCFCLs for medium voltage application(R&D of prototypes and pre-commercial units for field tests)
• SCFCLs for high voltage applications >100 kV(R&D of first demonstrators)
• Work on standards(e.g. tests, specification, requirements, CIGRE WG A13.16)
Future R&D on SCFCLs
50 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Outline
Superconducting Fault Current Limiters• Motivation and Basics of Fault Current Limitation• Different Types of SCFCLs• Application of SCFCLs• State-of-the-ArtMagnetic Levitation• Principle and Applications
51 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
vS
IS
BP
FZ
FX
IP
BS
Principle Magnetic forces
Electrodynamic Levitation
52 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
vS
IS
BP
FZ
FX
IP
BS
Principle Track
Electrodynamic Levitation
53 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
vS
IS
BP
FZ
FX
IP
BS
Principle Yamanashi Test Line (Japan)
Opening 1996Length 42.8 km581 km/h in 2003
Source: Railway Technical Research Institute
Electrodynamic Levitation
54 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Courtesy: IFW Dresden
PrincipleSuper-
conductor
Permanent magnets
Small toy
Absolute contactless transportation system• Contactless levitation and guidance system• Contactless propulsion• Contactless control- and positioning system• Contactless energy transmission to the vehicle
Electromagnetic Levitation with Superconductors
55 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
PrincipleSuper-
conductor
Permanent magnets
Demonstration Supratrans
Courtesy: IFW Dresden
Absolute contactless transportation system• Contactless levitation and guidance system• Contactless propulsion• Contactless control- and positioning system• Contactless energy transmission to the vehicle
Electromagnetic Levitation with Superconductors
56 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
HTC
Rotating shaft
CryostatCopper
Permanent magnet Iron
Superconducting Bearings
57 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
10 kN HTS Bearing (Siemens/Nexans/TU Braunschweig)
270 YBCO single crystall40x40x14 mm³
Cryostat with coldhead Bearing completeHTS and copper
Rotor NdFeBpermanent magnets
n: 3600 1/min
Top: ≤ 65 K
Weight: 10 kN
58 | Mathias Noe | European Summer School – Superconducting Fault Current Limiters and Magnetic Leviation
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Mathias NoeForschungszentrum KarlsruheDirector Institute for Technical PhysicsHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
Phone: ++49 +7247 82 3500Fax: ++49 +7247 82 2849Email: mathias.noe@itp.fzk.de
Mathias Noe has received his M.S. in Power Engineering in 1991 and his Ph.D. (thesis on “SCFCLsas new devices in power systems”) in 1998, both from the University of Hanover in Germany. After a Postdocposition at the Ecole Polytechnic Federale de Lausanne in Switzerland, he joined Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in 1998 and became later group leader for HTS power devices at the Institute for Technical Physics.Since 2006 he is director of the Institute for Technical Physics at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and full professor for technical applications of high temperature superconductivity at the faculty of electrical engineering and information technology of the University Karlsruhe. He is board member of the European Society of Applied Superconductivity, board member of the Magnet Technology conference, secretary of the CIGRE working group WG D.15 “Superconducting and insulating materials for HTS power applications”. Prof. Noe is a registered member of the VDE, the German society of electrical engineers.
Biography
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