structure and replication of dna

Structure and Replication of

DNA

OBJECTIVES

Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) • History of DNA • Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA and relate

DNA molecule to chromosome structure • Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule

• Summarize the events of DNA replication • Learn how to extract your own DNA

MAJOR DISCOVERIES FOR DNA

Griffith

Genetic information could

be transferred from one

bacterium to another

Avery

Nucleic acid DNA stores

and transmits genetic

information from one

generation to the next

Hershey-Chase Genetic material was DNA,

not protein

Chargaff A=T G =C

Franklin, Watson, &

Crick

DNA’s shape is a double

helix

Video

OBJECTIVES

Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) • History of DNA • Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA and relate

DNA molecule to chromosome structure • Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule

• Summarize the events of DNA replication • Learn how to extract your own DNA

DNA-THE BIG PICTURE

gene

video

OBJECTIVES

Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) • Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA

• Relate DNA molecule to chromosome structure • Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule

• Summarize the events of DNA replication • Learn how to extract your own DNA

MACROMOLECULES-POLYMERIZATION

Macromolecules are formed by a process

known as polymerization in which large

compounds are built by joining smaller ones

together.

The smaller units, or monomers, join

together to form polymers.

~”Mono” = one

~”Poly” = many

Monomers may be identical

~like the links on a metal watch band

Monomers may be different

~like the beads in a multicolored necklace

TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES

Four groups of organic compounds

(macromolecules) found in living

things are:

~carbohydrates

~lipids

~nucleic acids

~proteins

Sometimes these organic

compounds are referred to as

biomolecules

NUCLEIC ACIDS (GENETICS!!)

Nucleic acids are

macromolecules/polymers containing

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,

nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Nucleic acids store and transmit

hereditary, or genetic, information

There are two kinds of nucleic

acids:

-ribonucleic acid (RNA)

-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

NUCLEIC ACIDS-STRUCTURE

The monomers or “building blocks” of nucleic

acids are called nucleotides

Nucleotides consist of three parts:

-5-carbon sugar

-phosphate group

-nitrogenous base

DNA/RNA-STRUCTURE

Four nitrogenous bases for DNA Nucleotide

RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine

DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid

RNA = Ribonucleic Acid

DNA/RNA STRUCTURE

• A always pairs with T (or U if RNA)

• G always pairs with C

• Connected by a hydrogen bond RNA Structure

OBJECTIVES

Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (TEKS 6A) • Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA

• Relate DNA molecule to chromosome structure • Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule

• Summarize the events of DNA replication • Learn how to extract your own DNA

DNA REPLICATION

Video