start atoms and periodic table unit part i/v. more units available at… earth science: the soil...

Start Atoms and Periodic Table

Part I/V

• More Units Available at…

Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.

Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.

Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.

• Please visit the check out at the bottom of the page to get this PowerPoint within the 1840+ roadmap, unit assessment, modified assessment, unit notes with visuals, answer keys, videos, lab handouts, rubrics, PowerPoint review games, and much more.

• Thank you for your interest.

• -Ryan Murphy M.Ed

Start Atoms and Periodic Table

Part I/V

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.

-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indents when appropriate.

-Example of indent.

-Skip a line between topics

--Make visuals clear and well drawn. Label please.

Neutron

Proton

Electron

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.

• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly.

• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him.– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow

“Hoot, Hoot”“Good Luck!”

• Class Expectations– You can show respect by…

• Listening when the teacher or others are talking.– One speaker at a time, please raise your hand.

• Please no cross-room conservations during work time.

– You can be responsible by…• Staying organized and avoiding distraction.• Staying focused on task completion.

– You can make good choices by…• Attending class regularly • Doing your best and never giving up.

– Be Safe• First, last, and always.

– You can make good choices by…• Attending class regularly. • Doing your best and never giving up.

– Be Safe!• First, last, and always.

• Remember! – Your hopes and dreams are important to you

and the people who care for you.

and the people who care for you. Getting an education can only help you. Learning is worth the effort.

The Atoms and Periodic Table UnitThe Atoms and Periodic Table Unit

• How small is an atom?

• Activity! Bringing things down to size.

• Activity! Bringing things down to size.– Take one sheet of paper 8 by 11.

• Activity! Bringing things down to size.– Take one sheet of paper 8 by 11.– Cut it in half as precisely as possible.

• Activity! Bringing things down to size.– Take one sheet of paper 8 by 11.– Cut it in half as precisely as possible.– Cut in half again and again. Keep track.

• Answer: If you were to cut the paper in half about 90 times, you would be around the size of the atom.

• Answer: If you were to cut the paper in half about 90 times, you would be around the size of the atom. The atom is incredibly small.

90Please clean up all of the atoms.

• About a million atoms stacked on top of each other = the thickness of a sheet of paper.

• About 5 million atoms make up a period at the end of a sentence.

• Journal Question?

• Journal Question? – Please use the round Petri-dish to create a circle.

• Journal Question? – Please use the round Petri-dish to create a circle.– Inside the circle, write everything you know about

the atom.

the atom.– Lightly shade your circle and add cool atomic

symbols in and around it.

the atom.– Lightly shade your circle and add cool atomic

symbols in and around it.

• Recommended Video (Optional) Carl Sagan, Atoms, Googol’s, and the Googolplex. (7 minutes)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gh4F5BQ8hgw

• Is this you billions of years ago?

• Answer! The atomic particles spinning around billions of years ago are the same atoms that make up planets and all that are on them. Yes, your atoms were stardust.

Answer! The atomic particles spinning Answer! The atomic particles spinning around billions of years ago are the around billions of years ago are the same atoms that make up planets and same atoms that make up planets and all that are on them. Yes, you were all that are on them. Yes, you were once a gas cloud spinning around the once a gas cloud spinning around the universe.universe.

• Can we see atoms? Is this drawing accurate?

• These pictures just represent what the atom might look like.

• These pictures just represent what the atom might look like.– They are simple models meant for

understanding.

understanding.– Today I will attempt to help you understand

the universe.

understanding.– Today I will attempt to help you understand

the universe.– I unfortunately must use simple pictures

because as we know atoms are very small and they are mostly empty space.

• We can’t see individual atoms. We can see billions and billions of them bonded together.

• Atomic Force Microscope

• Video! A look at atoms. Look closely to get a good look atom .

• An atom has charged particles, this means it has a (+) and a (-) charge. Atoms and some of the particles they are made of carry a charge.

• (Optional) Recommended Link! Khan Academy Introduces the Atom.

• 21 minutes

• http://www.khanacademy.org/video/introduction-to-the-atom?playlist=Chemistry

• Early experiments realized that that atoms were charged particles. One of those experiments is a Crookes tube.

“ “Hoot” “Hoot” I can’t Hoot” “Hoot” I can’t wait to see how this wait to see how this Crookes tube thing Crookes tube thing works.”works.”

• Video! Cathode Ray tube.– Record a picture of it in your journal and how

it worked to show atoms carry a charge.

• Video! Cathode Ray tube.– Record a picture of it in your journal and how

it worked to show atoms carry a charge.

• Knowing that an atom had a charge was just the first step. Scientists still didn’t know the structure of the atom.

• Knowing that an atom had a charge was just the first step. Scientists still didn’t know the structure of the atom. – J.J. Thompsons early plum pudding model of

an atom.

• Knowing that an atom had a charge was just the first step. Scientists still didn’t know the structure of the atom. – J.J. Thompsons early plum pudding model of

an atom. (This was incorrect)

• Ernest Rutherford’s experiment used particles and reflection to determine the structure of the atom.– What is the mystery shape in the next slide, using your

knowledge of reflection?

• Ernest Rutherford’s experiment used particles and reflection to determine the structure of the atom.– What is the mystery shape in the next slide. Use your

knowledge of reflection?

• Try and guess the mystery shape below based on how objects would reflect off it.

• Answer!

• Ernest Rutherford had to make sense of a puzzle similar to this to figure out the structure of the atom.

Rutherford’s gold foil experimentRutherford’s gold foil experiment

• Video! Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

• In Rutherford's experiment, a radioactive source shot a stream of alpha particles at a sheet of very thin gold foil which stood in front of a screen. The alpha particles would make little flashes of light where they hit the screen.

• Since some of the positive alpha particles were substantially deflected,

• Since some of the positive alpha particles were substantially deflected, Rutherford concluded that there must be something inside an atom for the alpha particles to bounce off of,

• Since some of the positive alpha particles were substantially deflected, Rutherford concluded that there must be something inside an atom for the alpha particles to bounce off of, that must be small, dense, and positively charged.

• Since some of the positive alpha particles were substantially deflected, Rutherford concluded that there must be something inside an atom for the alpha particles to bounce off of, that must be small, dense, and positively charged. The Nucleus

• Since some of the positive alpha particles were substantially deflected, Rutherford concluded that there must be something inside an atom for the alpha particles to bounce off of that is small, dense, and positively charged: the nucleus

An Atom is the smallest part of an element An Atom is the smallest part of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction.which can take part in a chemical reaction.

The atom consists of three The atom consists of three fundamental particles fundamental particles ------

Proton + (positive charge)Proton + (positive charge)

Neutron 0 (neutral charge / no Neutron 0 (neutral charge / no charge)charge)

Neutron 0 (neutral charge / no Neutron 0 (neutral charge / no charge).charge).

• Neutron: A particle that appears in the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen. Neutrons have no electrical charge and just a bit more mass than a proton.

Electron – (negative charge)Electron – (negative charge)

Nucleus: The positively charged Nucleus: The positively charged center of the atom.center of the atom.

Nucleus

• Quiz Wiz! 1-10 Name that part of the Atom.

• Proton, Neutron, Electron, Nucleus

• Atom Song for Review! Recommended DVD.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAGlXPWSX1I&feature=related

• Quiz Wiz! 1-10 Name that part of the Atom.

• Bonus Question!

• Name the Superhero?

• Answers! 1-10 Name that part of the Atom.

1Nucleus

2Electron

3Neutron

4Proton

5Electron

6Nucleus

7Electron

8Nucleus

9Nucleus

Proton

• Bonus Question!

• Name the Superhero?

• Bonus Question!

• Name the Superhero? The Flash

• What is this a picture of?

• What is this a picture of? Our Solar System

• Why am I showing you this?

• What is this a picture of? Our Solar System

• Why am I showing you this? To show the incorrect behavior of subatomic particles.

• The Atom does not behave like our solar system.

• Activity! Pin the tail on the electron!– One volunteer needs to tape the tail to the

electron. Blindfold not needed.

• Activity! Pin the tail on the electron!– One volunteer needs to tape the tail to the

electron. Blindfold not needed.

• Activity! Pin the tail on the electron!– What is the point in this activity?

• Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle– You can't know with certainty both where an

electron is and where it's going next. That makes it impossible to plot an orbit for an electron around a nucleus.

electron is and where it's going next.

electron is and where it's going next. That makes it impossible to plot an orbit for an electron around a nucleus. This is also true for the Proton and Neutron.

Nucleus

Electron

Electron, really a kilometer away if the nucleus is right here.

Could you pin point the exact location of any single particle?

Could you pin point the exact location of any single particle? Where will the electron be on the next slide – Put a marker to see if we will be right.

You can’t pinpoint the exact location of any single particle according to The Hinesburg Uncertainty Principle.

Could you provide a general region you might find a particular particle?

Could you provide a general region you might find a particular particle? Yes, the nucleus was usually found around here.

Could you provide a general region you might find a particular particle? The Electron was usually found in this region.

• These type of models are just to help us understand.

• Activity – Creating an accurate model of an atom. Bohr’s Atomic Cloud model.– Create a small nucleus and then make 500

hundred dots around it randomly stabbing your pencil into your paper. Label as Bohr’s Atomic Cloud

hundred dots around it randomly stabbing your pencil into your paper. Label as Bohr’s Atomic Cloud.

Circle 3 Electrons

These are the three electrons in the Lithium Atom

They are moving at the speed of light

They are everywhere and nowhere?

They are everywhere and nowhere?An atom is mostly empty space

E M P T Y S P A C E

E M P T Y S P A C EEverything is composed

chiefly of nothing

Atoms always have the same number Atoms always have the same number of protons and electrons, this is of protons and electrons, this is called the atomic number.called the atomic number.

• What atom is this How can you tell?

• Answer! (2 Protons) Atomic #2

• Answer! (2 Protons) Atomic #2 (Helium)

Atomic Atomic NumberNumber

Atomic SymbolAtomic Symbol

NameName

The Nucleus has almost all the mass of The Nucleus has almost all the mass of the atom. the atom.

It is made up of protons (+)It is made up of protons (+)

It is made up of protons (+) and It is made up of protons (+) and neutrons (O) (0).neutrons (O) (0).

Mostly empty space except for dense

nucleus+

• The smallest atoms are Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He).

Isotope: Atom with the same Isotope: Atom with the same number of protons and electrons number of protons and electrons but different numbers of but different numbers of neutrons. neutrons.

Isotope: Atom with same Isotope: Atom with same number of protons and electrons number of protons and electrons but different numbers of but different numbers of neutrons. neutrons.

• Two Carbon Isotopes, C-12, and C-14

To find the number of neutrons: To find the number of neutrons: Subtract the atomic number from the Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.atomic mass.

Atomic Mass is the number of Protons and Neutrons

Remember, Electrons are so small they don’t add much to atomic mass

To find the number of neutrons: To find the number of neutrons: Subtract the Subtract the atomic numberatomic number from the from the atomic mass.atomic mass.

14 - 6 =

14 - 6 = 8

• Count up the Protons, and then count up the neutrons. What element is this? What would be a rough guess for its atomic mass.

• Answer! This is Lithium, atomic number = 3.

3 Protons so it must have…

3 Protons so it must have… 3 Electrons

• Answer! This is Lithium, atomic number = 3. There are 4 neutrons however.

• Answer! This is Lithium, atomic number = 3. There are 4 neutrons however. The atomic mass would be roughly 7 as electrons don’t weigh very much.

• What is the atomic symbol?

• What is the atomic number?– How many Protons?– How many Electrons?

• What is the atomic Mass?– How many Neutrons?

• What is the atomic symbol? F

• What is the atomic number? – How many Protons? – How many Electrons?

• What is the atomic Mass? – How many Neutrons?

• What is the atomic number? 9– How many Protons? – How many Electrons?

• What is the atomic number? 9– How many Protons? 9– How many Electrons?

• What is the atomic number? 9– How many Protons? 9– How many Electrons? 9

• What is the atomic Mass? 19 amu– How many Neutrons?

19 - 9

19 - 9 = 10

• What is the atomic symbol? Ar

• What is the atomic number? 18 – How many Protons? – How many Electrons?

• What is the atomic number? 18 – How many Protons? 18 – How many Electrons?

• What is the atomic number? 18 – How many Protons? 18 – How many Electrons? 18

• What is the atomic Mass? 39.95 amu– How many Neutrons?

39.95 -18 =

39.95 -18 = 21.95

The number of Electrons is the Atoms Atomic #

• What is the atomic symbol? C (Carbon)

• What is the atomic symbol? C

• What is the atomic number? 6– How many Protons? 6– How many Electrons?6

• What is the atomic symbol? Li

• What is the atomic number? 3– How many Protons?– How many Electrons?

• What is the atomic symbol? Fe

• What is the atomic symbol? Zn

• What is the atomic Mass? 65.37 amu– How many Neutrons? 35

• What is the atomic symbol? B

• Quiz Wiz! Exploring some of the Periodic Table because we have it out.– Have your Periodic Table of the Elements

handy.

• This element only has three letters in it’s name?

• This element is a form of U.S. Currency that we carry around?

• How many neutrons does the dangerous gas when spelled backwards spells “Nodar”?

– Note, this is the picture that came up when I Googled “Nodar”

• What are the names of the two elements named after countries in Europe?

• What is the atomic number of the element named after a famous peace prize?

• How many electrons are in the element named for a famous gold foil experiment?

• Name at least two elements that names could be associated with a Planet or Dwarf Planet?

• What is the atomic number that associated with my element?

• I am a the only element named after a university in California?

• This is the only element named after a U.S. State?

• Bonus - If any element existed that could destroy superman, it would be…, although this is just movie stuff and the element is a gas in real life?

• Answers to the Quiz Wiz – Exploring the Periodic Table.

• This element only has three letters in it’s name?

• This element only has three letters in it’s name? Tin # 50, Symbol Sn

• This element is a form of U.S. Currency that we carry around?

• This element is a form of U.S. Currency that we carry around? Nickel #28, Ni

• This element is a form of U.S. Currency that we carry around? Also Gold Au #79

– Note, this is the picture that came up when I searched “Nodar”

• How many neutrons does the dangerous gas when spelled backwards spells “Nodar”? Radon, #86,

• How many neutrons does the dangerous gas when spelled backwards spells “Nodar”? Radon, #86, amu=222

• 222 - 86 = 136 Neutrons– Note, this is the picture that came up when I

searched “Nodar”

• What are the names of the two elements named after countries in Europe?– Francium #87, Fr

• What are the names of the two elements named after countries in Europe?– Francium #87, Fr– Germanium #32, Ge

• What is the atomic number of the element named after a famous peace prize?

• What is the atomic number of the element named after a famous peace prize?– Nobelium, #102, No– The Nobel Peace Prize

• How many electrons are in the element named for a famous gold foil experiment?

• How many electrons are in the element named for a famous gold foil experiment? Rutherfordium, #104, Rf

• 104 Electrons

• Name at least two elements that names could be associated with a Planet or Dwarf Planet?

• Name at least two elements that names could be associated with a Planet or Dwarf Planet?– Mercury, #80, Hg

• Name at least two elements that names could be associated with a Planet or Dwarf Planet?– Mercury, #80, Hg– Plutonium, #94, Pu

• Name at least two elements that names could be associated with a Planet or Dwarf Planet?– Mercury, #80, Hg– Plutonium, #94, Pu– Uranium, #92, U

• Name at least two elements that names could be associated with a Planet or Dwarf Planet?– Mercury, #80, Hg– Plutonium, #94, Pu– Uranium, #92, U– Neptunium, #93, Np

7Also Tellerium “Earth” #52 Te

• What is the atomic number that associated with my element?

• What is the atomic number that associated with my element? 99, Einsteinium, #99, Es

• I am a the only element named after a university in California?

• I am a the only element named after a university in California? Berkelium, #97, Bk

• This is the only element named after a U.S. State?

• This is the only element named after a U.S. State? Californium, #98, Cf

• Krypton, #36, Kr

• Try and be the first to figure out the hidden picture beneath the boxes.– Raise your hand when you think you know,

you only get one guess.

• Try Again! Be the first to figure out the hidden picture beneath the boxes.– Raise your hand when you think you know,

Ernest Rutherford

• Try Again! Be the first to figure out the hidden picture beneath the boxes.– Raise your hand when you think you know,

Can you guess the atom based on the number of orbiting electrons?

• Activity! Worksheet. Name that Element based on…– Atomic number– Amu– Atomic symbol– Atomic name.

End Atoms and Periodic Table

Part I/V

• Please visit the check out at the bottom of the page to get this PowerPoint within the 1840+ roadmap, unit assessment, modified assessments, unit notes with visuals, answer keys, videos, lab handouts, rubrics, PowerPoint review games, and much more.

• Thanks for your interest.

• More Units Available at…

Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.

Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.

Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.

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