special protection schemes
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SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMES
S.P.KUMAR
CM(SRC&S)
SRLDC, BANGALORE
SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMESDEFINITION
PROTECTION SCHEME DESIGNED TO
DETECT ABNORMAL SYSTEM CONDITIONS AND TAKE
PREDETERMINED CORRECTIVE ACTION (Other than isolation of faulty element)
TO PRESERVE SYSTEM INTEGRITY AND
PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
WHAT IS SPS?According to P.M.Anderson SPS is defined as “ a
protection scheme that is designed to detect a particular system condition that is known to cause unusual stress to the power system and to take some type of predetermined action to counteract the observed condition in a controlled manner. In some cases, SPSs are designed to detect a system condition that is known to cause instability, overload, or voltage collapse. The action prescribed may require the opening of one or more lines, tripping of generators, ramping of HVDC power transfers, intentional shedding of load, or other measures that will alleviate the problem of concern.”
Security Monitoring
Preventive Control
Emergency Control
Normal
Restorative
In extremis
Restoration
Alert
Emergency
SECURITY WEAKENED. INCLEMENT WEATHER.
ALL CONSTRAINTS ARE MET.
SECURITY MONITORING TOOLS KICK IN. RRPA IS SUGGESTED TO BRING SYSTEM BACK TO NORMAL..LIKE GENERATION SHIFTING ETC
RELIABILITY CRITERIA NOT MET. VOLTAGE AT BUSES MAY BE UNACCEPTABLY LOW. ELEMENT LOADING MAY EXCEED LIMITS.
EMERGENCY CONTROL ACTIONS- FAULT CLEARING, EXCITATION CONTROL, LOAD SHED, GENERATION RUNBACK, HVDC MODULATION
CASCADING OUTAGES, ISLANDING, MAJOR PARTS OF GRID ARE BLACKED OUT
STABILITY
• ‘Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact.’
Source:-P.M.Andersen
STABILITY IN POWER SYSTEMS
FAST ACTING: WAMS BASED SPS
UFR, DF/DT DV/DT ,under VoltageRELAYS
GENERATION OR LOAD SHEDDING
COMBINATION OF CONVENTIONAL RELAYS AND BROADBAND COMMUNICATION
Source:-VLPGO WG
WHY SPS? OPERATIONAL REASONS
• OUTAGE OF HIGH CAPACITY GENERATING UNITS,HVDC INTERCONNECTION OF LARGE CAPACITY
• WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN LOADING PATTERN
• STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS CAUSING UNPRECEDENTED SKEWING
• SUDDEN IMPACT ON LARGE GRIDS DUE TO SYsTEM DYANAMICS AND SWINGS.
WHY SPS? COMMERCIAL REASONS
• SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD PATTERN AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TO– COMMERCIAL MECHANISMS
– OPEN ACCESS INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUME
– INCREASE IN COMPETITION
– UNBUNDLING AND RESTRUCTURING
WHY SPS? PLANNING ISSUES• ECONOMY OF SCALE, LARGE PITHEAD PLANTS
AND LONG TRANSMISSION LINES
• THE SYSTEM PLANNERS TEND TO UTILIZE THE EXISTING NETWORK
• DELAYS IN NETWORK EXPANSION DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• SEASONAL OVER LOADS
• LINES AND GENERATORS NOT COMING IN TANDEM
• EVACUATION OF RENEWABLES BY DEROGATING RELIABILITY CRITERIA
AN EXAMPLE OF A BASIC SPS
INFINITE GRID
LOADS
2000 MW
GENERATOR
CONVERTER
INVERTER
HIGH CAPACITY
DC LINK
TYPICAL FLOW OF 1800-2000 MW
THIS NETWORK IS UNABLE TO EVACUATE MORE THAN 500 MW
SPS ACTION WOULD BE TO TRIP THE GENERATORS IN STAGES TO LIMIT FLOW ON A-B SECTION.
IF SPS WERE NOT THERE THE GENERATOR WOULD BE CONSTRAINED OR A-B SECTION WOULD NECESSARILY HAVE TO BE STRENGTHENED
INCREASED TRANSFER CAPABILITY
DEFFERED INVESTMENT
TRADITIONAL PROTECTION SCHEMES AND SPS
• TRADITIONAL SCHEMES
1. PROTECTS INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS
2. STANDARDISED3. MANUFACTURER
DRIVEN4. NARROW ‘VISION’
– LIMITED TO THE FAULTY ELEMENT
– MAY DEGRADE SYSTEM CONDITIONS FURTHER
• SPS1. DESIGNED TO DETECT
SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES AND TAKE CORRECTIVE ACTION
2. EVOLVED BY EXPERIENCE
3. UNIQUE4. HOLISTIC APPROACH
– PRE-EMPTIVE IN NATURE– PREVENTS SYSTEM
DETERIORATION
SPS is used • During rare contingencies
• When focus for the protection is on the power system supply capability rather than on a specific equipment
• When consequences of an operating condition is outside the capability of conventional protection
SPS Characteristics• Are normally sleeping systems
– Operate infrequently• Control actions taken is predetermined• Can be armed or disarmed depending upon
system conditions• Can comprise a large number of coordinated
actions, in a cascaded manner– Under frequency controlled load shedding
in a number of steps at different frequency levels and/or with different time delays
SPS DESIGN• DEFINE THE CRITICAL CONDITION
– STUDY OF PAST DISTURBANCES– LOAD FLOW AND STABILITY STUDIES
• IDENTIFY RECOGNITION TRIGGERS– TRIP RELAYS,– HVDC POLE BLOCK SIGNALS– LOW VOLTAGE– LOW FREQUENCY– DF/DT– COMBINATION
• SUPER TRIGGERS• OPERATOR CONTROL OF SPS
– AUTOMATIC ARMING/DISARMING– MANUAL BASED ON OPERATORS
NOMOGRAMS/INFORMATION
OPERATOR NOMOGRAM FOR ARMING/DISARMING SPS
ΣFLOW ON BOTH CIRCUITS OF TALCHER-ROURKELA
1000 MW
100 MW 800 MW
FLO
W O
N R
AIP
UR
-RO
UR
KE
LA
CR
ITIC
AL
SIT
UA
TIO
N I
N O
TH
ER
P
AR
T O
F G
RID ARM SPS-1000
ARM SPS-450
Advantages of SPS
• Helps in operating power systems closer to their limits
• Increase power transfer limit while maintaining the same level of system security
• Increase the power system security particularly towards extreme contingencies leading to system collapse
TYPICAL SPS ACTIONS
• Generation rejection• Turbine fast valving/generator run-back• Gas turbine/Pumping storage start-up• Under frequency load shedding• Under voltage load shedding• Remote load shedding• HVDC fast power change• Automatic shunt reactor/capacitor switching
TYPICAL SPS ACTIONS
• Controlled disconnection of interconnection/ area islanding
• Tap changer blocking and set point adjustment• Quick increase of generator voltage set point• Dynamic braking or braking resistor• Actions on the AGC such as set point changes
Type % Type %Generation Rejection 21.6 Out Of Step Relay 2.7
Load Rejection 10.6 Discrete Excitation Control 1.8
U/F freq Load Shedding 8.2 Dynamic breaking 1.8
System Separation 6.3 Generator Runback 1.8
Turbine Valve Control 6.3 Var Compensation 1.8%
Load & Gen Rejection 4.5 Combination of Schemes 11.7
Stabilizers 4.5 Others 12.6
HVDC Controls 3.6
PERCENTAGE OF MOST COMMON SPS
INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE WITH SPS• REPORTED SCHEMES 111• FIRST SPS INSTALLED IN 1930• SCHEMES REPORTED BY GEOGRAPHICAL
REGIONSGEOGRAPHICAL
REGION
% OF SCHEMES
GEOGRAPHICAL
REGION
% OF SCHEMES
USA 20.7% EUROPE 16.2%
JAPAN 20.7% AUSTRALIA 9%
CANADA 19.8% OTHERS 13.6%
SURVEY IS ONLY INDICATIVE
Source:-P.M.Andersen
Date/time Description SPS Control Actions Consequences
Jul 6th, 200323h59min
Outage of 3 circuits – 765 kV associated with Itaipu system (atmospheric strokes)
Generation drop (2,940MW) at Itaipú 60Hz maintaining S/SE ties integrity
System stableΔf = - 0.8Hz
Sept 16th, 200303h13min
Outage of 4 circuits - 765 kV connected to Itaberá S/S due to atmospheric strokes and protection against misoperation
Generation drop (1,400 MW) at Itaipu 60Hz, maintaining S/SE ties
System stableΔf = - 0.4Hz
Dec 9th, 200317h39min
Outage of 10 circuits - 440 kV trunk & 2 transformers - 440/138kV at Bauru S/S (busbar short-circuit)
Generation drop at hydro plants on Paranapanema River to control electromechanical system oscillations.
System stableΔf = - 0.9HzNo load shed
Sept 26th, 200405h38min
Clearing of 500 kV busbar at Jaguara S/S - tripping of 4 circuits - 500 kV & 2 transformers - 500/345 kV (short-circuit)
Actuation of SPS avoided overload in system equipment
System stableΔf = - 0.7HzNo load shed
Jun 14th, 200515h26min
Outages of 2 circuits - 765 kV associated with Itaipu 60 Hz, 9 T Lines towers collapsed (strong winds)
Generation drop at Itaipu 60 Hz (2800MW) avoiding risk of opening remaining circuit
System stableΔf = - 0.8HzNo load shed
Oct 4th, 200520h40min
Tower collapse of 3 circuits Foz do Iguaçu -Ivaiporã 765 kV, by strong winds, islanding Itaipú (4,800 MW)
Out-of-step protections at the SE/NE and N/SE ties avoiding propagation of disturbance toward N and NE subsystems
System stableΔf = - 1.7Hz6.5% load shedding in S/SE/MW subsystems
Mar 6th, 200515h04min
Accidental actuation of overload protection in the electrodes lines of the Itaipu HVDC link, during maintenance services in Bip. 1, leading to Bip. 2 blocking
Correct actuation of out-of-step protection, avoiding propagation of the disturbanceLoad shedding scheme in S/SE regions
System stableInterruption of 2,700 MW transmitted by HVDC (bipole 2)2,154W load sheddingΔf = - 0.8Hz
Sep 4th, 200515h04min
Loss of two 765 kV circuits connected to Itabera S/S + outage of Bipole 1 (fallen towers by strong winds)
Generation drop ( 2100 MW ) at Itaipu 60 Hz Power Plant
System stableΔf = - 0.7HzHVDC transmission was reduced from 6300 to 3150 MW
EXPERIENCE WITH SPS IN BRAZIL SYSTEM
Source:-Vlpgo wg
SPS SCHEMES IN SR
THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996CONDITIONS
Line Name Frequency Below (Hz)
POWER FLOW(MW)
Time delay (second)
Type of Relay
CUDAPPA-MADRAS
47.8 0.5 UF
SALEM- BANGALORE
47.8 1 UF
CUDAPPA-MADRAS
48.0 100 MW towards CUDAPPA
0.5 RPUF
SALEM- BANGALORE
48.0 300 MW towards BANGALORE
1 RPUF
THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996CONDITIONS
Line Name Frequency Below (Hz)
POWER FLOW(MW)
Time delay (second)
Type of Relay
CUDAPPA-MADRAS 47.8 0.5 UF
SALEM- BANGALORE
47.8 1 UF
CUDAPPA-MADRAS 48.0 100 MW towards CUDAPPA
0.5 RPUF
SALEM- BANGALORE
48.0 300 MW towards BANGALORE
1 RPUF
THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996THE FIRST SCHEME: 1996
KHAMMAM
VIJAYAWADA
NAGARJUNASAGAR
HYDERABAD
RAICHUR
GOOTY
HOODY
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
MADRAS
NEYVELI
CUDDAPAHDAVANAGERE
KAIGA
115
317
RSTPP
BHADRAVATI
130x2
164x
2
182
151
181
173
302
308
172
277
279
155
178x
2BANGALORE
SIRSI
MUNIRABAD
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
N
JEYPORE
63
187
2x221
54
Kadra
Kodasally
Nagjhari
1
120
60
MAPS
P
NELLORE
By Tripping of Salem-Bangalore and
Cudddapah-Madras Southern Grid was
getting devided into two blocks
NELAMANGALA
GAZUWAKA
HIRIYUR
189
267x
2
258
242
175
179
127 130x
2
221x2
146x2
52x2
301x2
300
28
330
FIG-2
THE SR GRID IN
1996
SPS’s proposed in SR and its status of implementation
1
SPS @ Kolar Trip Signal 1 & 2 Commissioned
SPS @ Talcher 450/1000 Commissioned
Trip Signal 3 @ Kolar Proposed & Under Implementation.
2 Modification of SPS @ Talcher Intertrip Proposed & Under Implementation.
3 SPS @ KoodankulamProposed & Under commissioning, would
come along with Project
4 Intertrip @ Kali ComplexProposed by PCC Sub-Committee. Under
Implementation
5 Intertrip @ Varahi Proposed by PCC Sub-Committee.
6Intertrip @ Salem for enhancing transfer capability between S1 and S2 bid area
Proposed by SRLDC. Agreed by Constituents.
Under Implementation.
7Post Contingency generation ramp down at
Vemegiri Complex and LANCO for 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore outage
Proposed by SRLDC. Agreed by Constituents
Under Implementation.
8Intertrip @ Madakathara to decongest for one
ICT tripping or one idukki-Lower Periyar-Madakathara trip
Commissioned
9Intertrip @ 220kV Peenya to cut radial loads for
220kV NLM-Peenya line tripping Under implementation
10Intertrip for post contingency tripping of 220kV
Muddanur-ChnnakampallyProposed by SRLDC. Yet to be
implemented
NARENDRA
MAHABOOB NAGAR
CHITTOOR
VIJAYAWADA
GAZUWAKA
GHANAPUR
RAICHUR
GOOTY
SALEM
UDUMALPET
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
SRIPERUMBUDUR
NEYVELI
GUTTUR
KAIGA
RSTPP
BHADRAVATI
MUNIRABAD
P
P
P
P
P
KOLAR
TALCHER
JEYPORE
HOSUR
SSLMM
MMDP
TRIVANDRUM
NELLORE
KALPAKKA
SIMHADRI
HIRIYUR
TALGUPPA
KADAPA
NEYVELI TPS – 1 (EXP)
HOODY
KURNOOL
KHAMMAM
N’SAGAR
ALMATHY
MYSORE
NELAMANGALA
SOMANAHALLIKALAVINDAPATTU
TIRUNELVELI
DITCHIPALLY
PUGALUR
GAJWEL
BTPS
WARANGAL
Highly loaded
Medium loaded
Lightly loaded
Typical flow directions in SR
HVDC Kolar SPS
Kolar SPS Logic:Trip signal-1
Kolar SPS Logic:Trip signal-1: Load relief by constituents
Kolar SPS Logic:Trip signal-2
Kolar SPS Logic:Trip signal-2: Load relief by constituents
KOLAR SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEME
Performance of the SchemeFREQUENCY DIP DURING KOLAR HVDC TRIPING AND DURING SIMHADRI GENERATION LOSS
48.5
48.7
48.9
49.1
49.3
49.5
49.7
49.9
50.1
T-30 Minutes T-25 Minutes T-20 Minutes T-15 Minutes T-10 Minutes T-5 Minutes T=0 Minutes T+5 Minutes
Time
FR
EQ
IN
HZ
TAL-KOL TRIP ON15-09-06 AT 16:52 HRS LOSS IS 1887 MW
SIMHADRI GEN LOSS OF APPROX 950 MW ON 16-01-07
AT 1812 HRS
Frequency Trend during the Tal-Kolar pole 2 trip
0200400600800
100012001400160018002000
0:01
0:03
0:05
0:07
0:09
0:11
0:13
0:15
0:17
0:19
0:21
0:23
0:25
0:27
0:29
Time
Pow
er fl
ow
49.25
49.3
49.35
49.4
49.45
49.5
49.55Talcher-Kolar power flow
Frequency
SPS AT TALCHER END
SPS 450-1000
Talcher SPS Logic:SPS 450:
Talcher SPS Logic:SPS 1000:
Talcher SPS Logic:SPS 1000:
PROPOSED MODIFICATION TO SPS AT HVDC KOLAR
PROPOSED MODIFICATION TO SPS AT HVDC KOLAR
• LOGIC FAILS IF POWER GOES DOWN IN STEPS. SIGNAL 2 IS NOT SENT• GRID HOWEVER SEES A LARGER LOSS OF POWER• PROPOSED MODIFICATION: INCREASED WINDOW OF JUDGEMENT, LINE FAULT AS INPUT
Sr.No. EventDate ofOccurrence
Time ofOccurence Reason Remarks
1
Talcher-Kolar Pole-2 Tripped and Pole-1 went to Ground Return
Power Flow:2106 MW to 142 MWFrequency: 49.28 Hz to 48.5 Hz
03.04.2009 12:08
DC Line fault in Pole2, Distance 13.18 km from Talcher end (Tower no. 40)
Signal-1 sent
2
Talcher-Kolar Pole-2 Tripped and Pole-1 went to Ground Return
Power Flow:2252 MW to 142 MWFrequency: 49.20 Hz to 48.5 Hz
04.04.2009 10:34
DC Line fault in Pole2, Distance 14.5 km from Talcher end (Tower no. 43)
Signal-1 sent
3
Talcher-Kolar Pole-1 Tripped and Pole-2 went to Ground Return
Power Flow:1380 MW to 141 MWFrequency: 49.44 Hz to 48.60 Hz
10.06.2009 19:17
DC Line Fault in Pole1, Distance 498.1 km from Kolar end(Tower no.2334)
Signal-1 sent
Talcher-Kolar Flow and Frequency on 13/02/2009 during Pole-1 Tripping
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
6:20 6:22 6:24 6:26 6:28 6:30 6:32 6:34
TIME
MW
48
48.2
48.4
48.6
48.8
49
49.2
49.4
49.6
49.8
50
Talcher-Kolar MW is at Kolar end
1710 MWat 06:24 Hrs
TAL-KOL FLOW
643 MWat 06:28 Hrs
1252 MWat 06:26 Hrs
380 MWat 06:30 Hrs
49.19 MWat 06:24 Hrs
48.63 MWat 06:27 Hrs
FREQUENCY
Talcher-Kolar SPS Logic Diagram MODIFIED
PERFORMANCE OF THE SPS
• Mal-operation On six occasions the scheme operated when not required to operate due to failure of the HVDC measuring equipments like Optodyne
• Non operation. On Nine occasions defense mechanism failed to operate when required due to following reasons – On four occasions when one of the pole tripped on ground fault inter trip
signal was not generated. The logic was working only on power flow levels and line fault signal was not used. This has been taken care in the Stage –II SPS logic development
– Problem with the logic in 1 case, during the initial stages of the logic development, which was latter corrected.
– In the remaining four cases, three cases non operation was due to the signal input. The power level signals were derived from HVDC control which was changing only in steps therefore decisions were influenced by the power levels in specified steps at times,could not detect the actual loss of power of more than 400MW. This has been taken care in the Stage –II SPS logic development
– Remaining one case due to control supply failure
No. of one Pole / Bipole
trips
No. of times System Protection Scheme
Operated Operated correctly Mal-Operated Failed to operate
69 27 21 6 9
Based on survey in 2003
SPS PLC SCHEMATIC
PROGRAMMABLELOGIC
CONTROLLER
ANALOG INPUT
DIGITAL INPUT
DIGITAL OUTPUT
DIGITAL TELEPROTECTION COUPLER
≈FIBER OPTIC
CABLE
DIGITAL TELEPROTECTION COUPLER
K1 K2 K3 K4
K1 K2 K3 K4
WIRED TO TRIP RELAY
ONE SET FOR EACH SIGNAL PATH
ONLY ONE REQUIRED FOR AN SPS SCHEME
VIRTUAL MAPPING OF CONTACTS
SPS FOR KOODANKULAM• CONTINGENCY LEVEL ABOUT THE SAME AS
TALCHER-KOLAR– SINGLE UNIT TRIPPING : 1000 MW– STATION LOSS : 2000 MW
• LARGE DIPS IN FREQUENCY LIKELY• CONVENTIONAL PROTECTION SCHEMES
MIGHT BE INADEQUATE• LARGE INCREASE IN NORTH-SOUTH FLOWS
LIKELY DUE TO TRIPPING– OSCILLATIONS IN THE SYSTEM– REDUCED SECURITY– TRUNK CORRIDOR LOADING
SUGGESTED FEATURES• SCHEME TO BE MADE PART OF THE PROJECT• GRANULARITY OF SIGNAL TO BE GENERATED TO BE
DECIDED– ONE SIGNAL ON ONE UNIT TRIP– SECOND SIGNAL ON BOTH UNITS TRIP
• SIGNAL WOULD BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH WIDEBAND TO LOCATIONS DECIDED FOR TALCHER-KOLAR INTER TRIP
• SIGNAL TO BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH WIDEBAND FROM KOODANKULAM TO KOLAR
POWER DEMAND OVER-RIDEGAZUWAKA POLE1
POWER DEMAND OVER-RIDEGAZUWAKA POLE2
BHADRAWATHI
400kV Hosur-Salem SPS
Congestion Management in SR: Between S1, S2 bid area
Snapshot of 400kV Hosur-Salem flow 725MW on 19-Jan-2010 18:52 Hrs
• IN N-1 CONDITION, 400KV HOSUR-SALEM AND 400KV SOMANAHALLI-SALEM GETTING SEVERELY LOADED.
• CASCADE TRIPPING AND SEPARATION CANNOT BE RULED OUT
• TO LIMIT THE POST CONTINGENCY FLOW BELOW 800MW, IT WAS DECIDED TO PUT LIMIT ON S1-S2 Ʃ OF S2 MEMBERS SCHEDULE.
• AFTER CONDUCTING LOAD FLOW STUDY, SCHEDULE DECIDED FOR S2 AREA CONSTITUENTS WAS 5000MW WITH FULL NEYVELI COMPLEX AVAILABILITY.
Congestion Management in SR: Between S1, S2 bid area
SPS for Hosur – Salem…….
• Intent: To relieve post contingency(N-1) stress
on 400kV Kolar-Hosur-Salem and 400kV
Bangalore-Salem
• Scheme: disconnection of about 300 MW in
and around Salem after sensing of line trip in
the above corridor. This would increase TTC by
80-100 MW
SPS for Congestion Management: Between S1,S2 Bid Area
HVDC Kolar import-2300 MW
HVDC Gazuwaka Import-600 MW
HVDC Bhdrawati Import-500 MW
Base Case
690615
361
394
92x2
677x2
511
561
GOOTY
364
270
486
420
334X2
139
250X2
234
67x2
Voltages
Kolar-393 KV
Hosur-386 KV
Salem-387 KV
Somanahalli-389 KV
Neelamangala-390 KV
Hoody-390 KV
Udumalpet-393 KV
NLYTs2-401 KV
KV Pattu-376 KV
SRPD-398 KV
SPS for Congestion Management: Between S1,S2 Bid Area
HVDC Kolar import-2300 MW
HVDC Gazuwaka Import-600 MW
HVDC Bhdrawati Import-500 MW
908
322
352
164x2
441x2
478
573
GOOTY
460
205
520
460
350X2
293
254X2
400kV Hosur-Salem-OUT
356
152x2
Voltages:
Kolar-386 KV
Hosur-379 KV
Salem-382 KV
Somanahalli-383 KV
Nelamangala-383 KV
Hoody-383 KV
Udumalpet-390KV
NLYST2-399 KV
KVPattu-370 KV
SRPD-372 KV
SPS for Congestion Management: Between S1,S2 Bid Area
HVDC Kolar import-2300 MW
HVDC Gazuwaka Import-600 MW
HVDC Bhdrawati Import-500 MW
785
327
357
140x2
403x2
419
512
GOOTY
440
205
515
455
325X2
206
234X2
400kV Hosur-Salem-OUT
351
180x2
With load shedding of 300 MW at Salem
Voltages
Kolar-399 KV
Hosur-392 KV
Salem-392 KV
Somanahalli-392 KV
Neelamangala-395 KV
Hoody-395 KV
Udumalpet-396 KV
NLYTs2-403 KV
KV Pattu-399 KV
SPS for Congestion Management: Between S1,S2 Bid Area
HVDC Kolar import-2300 MW
HVDC Gazuwaka Import-600 MW
HVDC Bhdrawati Import-500 MW
575708
356
388
103x2
980
493
563
GOOTY
415
243
516
435
340X2
185
251X2
285
105x2
400kV Kolar-Hosur one circuit -OUT
Voltages
Kolar-390 KV
Hosur-379 KV
Salem-383 KV
Somanahalli-384 KV
Neelamangala-389 KV
Hoody-389 KV
Udumalpet-391 KV
NLYTs2-400 KV
Kv Pattu-376 KV
SPS for Congestion Management: Between S1,S2 Bid Area
HVDC Kolar import-2300 MW
HVDC Gazuwaka Import-600 MW
HVDC Bhdrawati Import-500 MW
814
328
358
143x2
643
413
512
GOOTY
455
152
512
418
328X2
219
234X2
400kV Hosur-Salem-OUT
364
191x2
With load shedding of 300 MW at Salem
400kV Kolar-Hosur one circuit -OUT
Voltages
Kolar-397 KV
Hosur-385 KV
Salem-391 KV
Somanahalli-390 KV
Neelamangala-393 KV
Hoody-393 KV
Udumalpet-395 KV
NLYTs2-403 KV
Kv Pattu-382 KV
400kV Vijayawada-
Nellore SPS
400 KV GRID MAP OF SOUTHERN REGION
Snapshot of 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore 550MW each and Low Voltages in Sothern part of SR on 25-02-2010 18:44 Hrs
Snapshot of 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore 580MW each and Low Voltages in Sothern part of SR on 17-03-2010 16:32 Hrs
Snapshot of 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore 600MW each and Low Voltages in Southern part of SR on 18-03-2010 16:43 Hrs
Snapshot of 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore 593MW each and Low Voltages in Southern part of SR on 06-02-2010 08:06 Hrs
Snapshot of 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore 593MW each and Low Voltages in Southern part of SR on 21-02-2010 14:53 Hrs
450
470
490
510
530
550
570
590
610
630
6500:
00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
0:00
Time in HH:MM ---->
Flo
ws
in M
W -
--->
Graph of 400 KV Vijayawada – Nellore lines Flows on 30-Mar-10
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
6000:
00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
0:00
Time in HH:MM ---->
Flo
w in
MW
---
-->
400 KV Vijayawada - Nellore - I 400 KV Vijayawada - Nellore - II
Typical Day 400 KV Vijayawada – Nellore Flow(07–April–10)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
9000:
00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
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0
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0
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0:00
Time in HH:MM --->
Flo
ws
in M
W -
--->
Vijayawada - Nellore Ckt I Vijayawada - Nellore Ckt II
Flow on Ckt 2 while
tripping of Ckt 1
788 MW
Graph of 400 KV Vijayawada – Nellore lines Flows on 15-Apr-10
• Intent: To relieve post contingency (N-1) stress on
400kV Vijayawada-Nellore.
• Scheme: Reduction of Generation about 400 MW
in Vemagiri complex and LANCO(STAGE-2) on
tripping of one circuit when flow is more than 550
MW each.
• Status: APTRANSCO agreed in principle
SPS FOR VIJAYAWADA NELLORE
SPS ACTIONREDUCTION AT LANCO-
VEMAGIRI COMPLEX
VEMAGIRI
VIJAYAWADA
KHAMMAM
ALMATTI
NELLORE
402314x2438x2
SRISAILEM
STEADY STATE LIMIT OF EACH CKT OF VJA-NLR are:1) WITH NO COMPENSATION: 630 MW2) WITH REATORS AT ONE END:548 MW3) WITH REACTORS AT BOTH ENDS : 452 MW
* 400KV VIJAYAWADA-NELLORE-2 NELLORE END RECTOR OUT
VTS
LANCO VEMAGIRI COMPLEX GEN.1) GMR-VEM – 365 MW2) GOUTHAMI – 460 MW3) KONASEEMA –430 MW4) JEGURUPADU2-225MW
LANCO GENERATION: 350 MW
571x2
387x2
179x2404x2
Study for Requirement SPS for 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore outage
VEMAGIRI
VIJAYAWADA
KHAMMAM
ALMATTI
NELLORE
497299x2418x2
SRISAILEM
STEADY STATE LIMIT OF EACH CKT OF VJA-NLR are:1) WITH NO COMPENSATION: 630 MW2) WITH REATORS AT ONE END:548 MW3) WITH REACTORS AT BOTH ENDS : 452 MW
* 400KV VIJAYAWADA-NELLORE-2 NELLORE END RECTOR OUT
VTS
LANCO VEMAGIRI COMPLEX GEN.1) GMR-VEM – 365 MW2) GOUTHAMI – 460 MW3) KONASEEMA –430 MW4) JEGURUPADU2-225MW
LANCO GENERATION: 350 MW
805
328x2
233x2458x2
400KV VIJAYAWADA-NELLORE ONE CIRCUIT OUT
Study for Requirement SPS for 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore outage
VEMAGIRI
VIJAYAWADA
KHAMMAM
ALMATTI
NELLORE
426255x2356x2
SRISAILEM
STEADY STATE LIMIT OF EACH CKT OF VJA-NLR are:1) WITH NO COMPENSATION: 630 MW2) WITH REATORS AT ONE END:548 MW3) WITH REACTORS AT BOTH ENDS : 452 MW
* 400KV VIJAYAWADA-NELLORE-2 NELLORE END RECTOR OUT
VTS
LANCO VEMAGIRI COMPLEX GEN.1) GMR-VEM – 275 MW2) GOUTHAMI – 360 MW3) KONASEEMA –330 MW4) JEGURUPADU2-175MW
LANCO GENERATION: 260MW
715
273x2
180x2405x2
400KV VIJAYAWADA-NELLORE ONE CIRCUIT OUT AND 430 MW GENERATION BACKDOWN
Generation reduced at VEMAGIRI COMPLEX and LANCO1) GMR-VEM – 90 MW2) GOUTHAMI – 100 MW3) KONASEEMA –100 MW4) JEGURUPADU2-50MW5) LANCO- 90 MW
Study for Requirement SPS for 400kV Vijayawada-Nellore outage
Muddanur SPS
Study for Requirement SPS for Muddanur Generating station
966 MW
PULIVENDULA
MUDDANUR
ANATHAPUR
YERRAGUNTLA
CHINAKAMPALLI
44X2
234X2
112X294X2
WITH FULL GENERATION AT MUDDANUR
RADIAL
RADIAL
Study for Requirement SPS for Muddanur Generating station
966 MW
PULIVENDULA
MUDDANUR
ANATHAPUR
YERRAGUNTLA
CHINAKAMPALLI
47X2
401
128X2109X2
ONE CKT of 220kV Muddanur-Chnakampalli OUT
666 MW
PULIVENDULA
MUDDANUR
ANATHAPUR
YERRAGUNTLA
CHINAKAMPALLI
42X2
230
106X270X2
SPS ACTION: REDUCE GENERATION BY 300 MW OR TRIP ONE UNIT AND REDUCE 100 MW
RADIAL
RADIALRADIAL
RADIAL
Study for Requirement SPS for Muddanur Generating station
966 MW
PULIVENDULA
MUDDANUR
ANATHAPUR
YERRAGUNTLA
CHINAKAMPALLI
65X2
214X2204X2
Both CKTs of 220kV Muddanur-Chnakampalli out
566 MW
PULIVENDULA
MUDDANUR
ANATHAPUR
YERRAGUNTLA
CHINAKAMPALLI
48X2
138X298X2
SPS ACTION: REDUCE GENERATION BY 400 MW OR TRIP TWO UNIT
RADIAL
RADIAL
RADIAL
RADIAL
Varahi SPS
VARAHI SPS
• More than 450 MW at Varahi and 600 MW of UPCL had to be evacuated through 220kV Varahi-Shimoga D/C line and 220kV Kemar-Shimoga S/C circuit.
• 220kV Varahi-Shimoga D/C line severly loaded with No N-1 reliability.
• In case of tripping of one of the circuits generation to be backdown at Varahi and UPCL
VARAHI
(450MW)
SHIMOGA
KEMAR
SHARAVATHI
UPCL
(600MW)
KAVOOR
PUTTUR
Conectivity of VARAHI AND UPCL:
VARAHI SPS
Load is around 300 MW
Lines severly load with no N-1
Another unit of UPCL is in pipe line. So SPS at varahi is very much necessary
NAGJHERI SPS
NAGJHERI SPS
KAIGA
KADRA
KODASALLI
NAGJHERI
AMBEWADI
HUBLI
BIDNAL
NARENDRA
BELGAM
1. Nagjheri Gen 850MW
2. Kodasalli Gen 120 MW
3. Kadra Gen 150 MW
4. Kaiga Gen 660 MW
All 220 kV lines in Nagjheri area are in service
156MWx2
150MWx2
23MWx2
2MW
70MWx2
86MW
80MWx2
77MW
96MW
144MWx2
144MWx2
PRESENT SPS WAS DESIGNED TO MONITOR NJPH-KODASALLI FOR REVERSAL AND TRIP UNITS TO PROTECT KAIGA (WHEN KAIGA UNITS WERE EVACUATED THROUGH 220 KV)
152MWx2
NAGJHERI SPS
KAIGA
KADRA
KODASALLI
NAGJHERI
AMBEWADI
HUBLIBIDNAL
NARENDRA
BELGAM
1. Nagjheri Gen 850MW
2. Kodasalli Gen 120 MW
3. Kadra Gen 150 MW
4. Kaiga Gen 660 MW
220kV Nagjheri-Bidnal one line tripped
In this case 220kV Nagjheri-Hubli/Bidnal line and 220kV Nagjheri- Ambewadi line are getting over load
To bring flows to normal there is a requirement to trip one Nagjheri Unit(150MW)
185MWx210MWx2
5MW
70MWx2
191MW
58MWx2
95MW
103MW
150MWx2
168MWx2
161MWx2
185MW
NAGJHERI SPS
KAIGA
KADRA
KODASALLI
NAGJHERI
AMBEWADI
BIDNAL
NARENDRA
BELGAM
1. Nagjheri Gen 850MW
2. Kodasalli Gen 120 MW
3. Kadra Gen 150 MW
4. Kaiga Gen 660 MW
220kV Nagjheri-Hubli/Bidnal TWO lines tripped
In this case 220kV Nagjheri-Hubli/Bidnal line and 220kV Nagjheri- Ambewadi line are getting over load
To bring flows to normal there is a requirement of Two Nagjheri Units tripping(150MW each)
10MWx2
16MW
81MWx2
141MW
13MWx2
123MW
113MW
160MWx2
197MWx2
232MW
138MWx2
HUBLI
226MW
PMU’s Proposed
Ramagundam Islanding scheme
Thank You
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