soyabean

SYSTEMATICS Scientific Name: Glycine max.

Family : leguminoseae

Chromosome No. : 2n = 2x = 40

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TAXONOMY. Botanical name :Glycine max.

Order :Fabales

Family :Fabaceae

Sub-family :Faboideae

Genus Glycine

Tribe :Phaseoleae

Sub-tribe :Faboideae

Species :max

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INTRODUCTION

Soybean is the major legume crop of the

World in terms of total production.

Soybean seeds contain 40% protein and

20% oil on dry basis.

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ORIGIN This crop originated in china and is

currently grown in 35 countries of the world.

United states is the largest producers followed by Brazil, China, and Argentina.

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USES OF SOYBEAN1. SOYBEAN MEAL

A.FEED.

Poulatry feed; livestock feeds; fish food.

B.SOYFLOUR.

(1)Edible uses.

Bakery ingredents; noodles; meat products, confections.

(2) Industrial uses:

Adhesive, plywood, insecticidal spray, texture paints, nutrients, antibiotics ,beer and ale.

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Contd….. 2. SOYBEAN OIL.

A.EDIBLE USES.

Cooking oils; coffee whiteners creamers.

B.TECHNICAL USES.

Disinfectants; electrical insulation; insecticides; pesticides; fungicides; herbicides; soaps.

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Contd….It is most popularly used in china in the

name of soy foods such as tofu, miso, temph,etc.

To the chinese, the soybean was know as “meat of the fields”.

Because it produces about three times more protein than rice, wheat, or maize.

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Contd….The plant serves as good souce of

nitrogen by fixing about 50kg per hectare.

It has become the major source of edible vegetable oils.

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CYTOLOGYGlycine is the only genus where species

have diploid chromosome number of 40 and 80 but not 20.

The large number of chromosomes, small size,and similarity of the chromosome have often discouraged cytological investgation in soybean.

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RELATED SPECIES OF SOTBEAN.

A.SUBGENUS GLYCINE.

Glycine clandestine.

G.tomentella

B.SUBGENUS SOJA.

G.soja

G.max

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FLORAL BIOLOGY

Soybean belongs to family legumioseae and it is highly self pollinated.

Soybean has perfect flower consistig of calyx,

Corolla, pistil and stamens.

There are 5sepals, green,hairy sepals.

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Contd…The corolla begins to emerge

from the sepals.

The are five petals,one standard, two keel and two wing petals.

The keel petals encloses the pistal and the stamen.

Stamens are 10 in number and diadelphous,nine are united to form a tube around the ovary and the tenth is free.

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Contd…

The pistle has a single ovary with generally two or three ovules,a long style and stigma.

The stigma is slightly hairy and covered by the Keel.

Fruit is a legume.

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SELFING AND CROSSING TECHNIQUES

Equipments required.

Dissecting forceps.

Needles.

Paper clips.

Cover bags.

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Selfing Soybean is

predominantly a self pollinated crop.In order to ensure complete selfing,the inflorence is enclosed in a bag. The bagging material used is paper bag.

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Anthesis

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Starts in morning around 6 am and

continues till 11 am.

Maximum flower opening – 11am to 5 pm.

STEPS FOR EMASCULATION

Select the the inflorescence containing young buds for emasculation.

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CONT…Remove the immature

buds.

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Contd…Remove the calyx

with the help of forceps.

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Contd…

Remove the corolla by grasping with a forceps above the calyx scar and lifting them upward.

Contd…..Remove all the diadelphous stamens with

the help of forceps or needle.

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STEPS OF POLLINATION.

Pollination is done in the next morning. Collect all the pollen from the male parent by removing organs with the forceps when the anthers are matured.

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Contd…..

Anthers are gently brushed on the stigma untill the pollen is clearly visible on it.

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Contd…

Bag the pollinated infloroscence.

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Contd… Attach the tag with the following information.

Objective.

Date of emasculation.

Date of pollination

Name of the breeder

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Research centers. AICRP on soybean headquater located in G.B.

PANT university of agriculture was shifted to Indore with the establishment of NRC on soybean at Indore in 1986.

INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROGRAMME(INTSOY).

It was stated in 1973 and sponsored by United states Agency for international development is a programme of the University of Illonois at urbana-champaign.

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Cont… Progamme activities:

Research

Testing and breeding programmes.

Publications

Regional and international conferences.

Training courses and study programme.

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Sources of soybean seeds. Directorate of soybean : Indore.

National seed project : Bangalore and Dharwad.

Activities :crop breeding , crop protection , crop production.

Varieties grown in B’LORE NSP:

MAUS -2, KARUNE, MACS-450,KB -79,HARDEE,KHSB-2.

JS-335,JS-93-05.

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