some newer clean technologies
Post on 11-Jan-2015
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Catalysis
Process Intensification Solventless
Reactions
Product Design and Life Cycle Assessment
Renewable Feedstocks
Alternative Solvents
Innovative Engineering
Some Newer Clean Technologies
Envirocats
Commercial Supported Reagents
Mini Spinning Disc Reactor
Synthetic Organic ChemicalsTHE PRODUCTSPharmaceuticals
Dyes
Sunscreen agents
Toiletries andfragrances
NEED THE CHEMISTRY
Coupling Reactionsoften based on
expensive and toxicprecious metals
Oxidation- often based on
stoichiometric toxicmetallic reagents andlow atom efficiency
processes
Halogenationusing dangerous
reagents and often with very low atom
efficiencies
Friedel-CraftsChemistry based on
hazardous acidic reagents and
dangerous waste
BUT NOT THE PROBLEMS!
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Greening of Academic Research
Non-Volatile Solvents
Volatile Organics and
Hazardous Solvents
Solventless Systems
Supercritical Systems
Water
Other Benign Solvents
Solvent Solutions
UK Consumer Plastic Recycling
Plastic Waste
Its Bad……..
• > 25% of landfill waste is plastic (degrades slowly)
• Plastic additives are also a problem– Responsible for 28% of all
cadmium present in MSW
• Low density adds to collection difficulties– 20,000 bottles = 1t of
recovered plastic
But……• Energy requirement for PE grocery bags is <
paper
• Plastics have many environmental benefits– e.g. fuel savings in cars
• Substitution of plastics large increase in packaging weight, cost, volume, energy consumed
Polylactic Acid for Plastics Production
Corn Starch
Unrefined Dextrose
Polymer Polymer ProductionProductionPLA
Lactide
Monomer Monomer ProductionProduction
Lactic AcidFermentationFermentation
Fiber
Film
Thermoforming
Bottle
Woven
Non-woven
Etc.
Polymer Modification
ApparelFilms
Polymer Grades
Degradable Polyethylene
CH3C H3
CH3C H3CH3
C H3CH3
C H3CH3C H3
n
CH3 C H3
CH3 C H3CH3 C H3
CH3 C H3CH3 C H3
SUNLIGHT
Making Plastics Sweeter for Bugs
Polyolefin in solution
Sugar insolutionModified polymer
+bacteria
Intermediates?CO2
CO2
Water
Household DetergentsAll End Up in The Sewerage System!
Past & Present Issues…
• Eutrophication• Bio degradation• Manufacturing
Waste
Natural & Synthetic Detergents
Natural• Biodegradable• Usually mild• Expensive
e.g.fatty acid estersalcohol ethoxylatesalcohol ether sulfatessucrose esters
Synthetic• Often not very biodegradable• Inexpensive• Wide variety/active
e.g.alkyl benzene sulfonatesalcohol ethoxylatesalkyl phenol ethoxylatesquaternary ammonium compounds
Drivers for Adopting Greener Technologies
• Legislation - cost of end of pipe treatment• Competition• Public pressure• Potential for reducing costs• Chemical debottlenecking• Licensing opportunities• Less hassle from HSE/Environment Agency• New market opportunities (premium products)
Barriers to Adopting Greener Technology• Lack of global harmonisation on regulation/environmental policy• Notification processes hinder new product & process development• Lack of widely accepted measures of product or process “greenness”• Lack of technically acceptable ‘green’ substitute products and processes• Short term view by industry and investors• Lack of sophisticated accounting practices focussed on individual processes• Difficult to obtain R&D funding• Difficult to obtain information on best practice• Lack of clean, sustainable chemistry examples & topics taught in schools and universities• Lack of communication/understanding between chemists and engineers• Culture geared to looking at chemistry not the overall process/ life cycle of materials
GCNActivities
ShortCourse
Conferences
Post GradSeminars
TeacherTraining
SchoolsResources and
Events
IndustryAwarenessLectures
UK Green Chemistry
Awards
CRYSTALFaraday Partnership
Masters inClean Chemical
Technology
Undergraduatecourses and
practicals
EPSRCGreen Chemistry
Research Network
Books
Newsletter
Web Site
PublicExhibitions
Technicaland general
Articles
Educational Developments
General Public
Schools11-19 year old resource book (RSC)A - level (16 - 18) websiteTeacher Training courses Talks at schools
Undergraduate
Text book Practicals LecturesTutorials and Workshops
Postgraduate
MRes courseEuromasters courseWorldwide University NetworkOverseas eventsCrystal Faraday
Training and awareness Courses:(with Crystal Faraday)
Continuing Professional Development
R Soc and RI ExhibitionsBAAS EventsLocal EventsPublic Lectures
Green Chemistry Group
Education and Training
Pro
mot
ion
Research
Green Chemistry
GCSE text book
Development of a web-site designed for 11-19 year
olds.
Educational resources
The Future Chemical Industry
??
Past
Future
Present
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