smartgrid technology 2
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SMARTGRIDTECHNOLOGY.
M.Pramodh Reddy
G.Avinash Valkya
Electrical and Electronics Department,Padmasri Dr B V Raju institute of technology,
Narsapur, Medak, AndhraPradesh,India
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INTRODUCTION A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers
to consumers using two-way digital technology.
Includes an intelligent monitoring system thatkeeps track of all electricity flowing in the
system Also incorporates the use of superconductive
transmission lines for less power loss,integrating alternative sources of electricitysuch as solar and wind.
enhance transmission and distributionsystems.
Smart meters may be part of a smart grid, but
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FEATURES Load adjustment Demand response support
Greater resilience to loading Decentralization of power generation Price signaling to consumers Modernizes both transmission and distribution
When power is least expensive a smart grid couldturn on selected home appliances such as washing
machines or factory processes that can run atarbitrary hours. at peak times it could turn off selectedappliances to reduce demand.
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TECHNOLOGY Integrated communications
Sensing and measurement
Smart meters Phasor measurement units
A wide-area measurement systems
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SMART GRID FUNCTIONS Self healing
Consumer participation
Resist attacks
High quality power
Accommodate generation options
Enable electricity markets
Optimize energy assets
Enable high penetration of intermittent energysources
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FROM TODAY TO TOMORROWPRESENT GRIDS:
Important changes must be incorporated into thenature of electricity supply, as demand rises and
traditional resources are depleted. Todays grids are predominantly based on large
central power stations connected to high voltagetransmission systems which, in turn, supply power
to medium and low-voltage local distributionsystems.
The transmission and distribution systems arecommonly run by natural monopolies under energy
authorities control.
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MODEL OF A PRESENT GRID
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FROM TODAY TO TOMORROWFUTURE GRIDS:
Distribution grids will become active and will haveto accommodate bi-directional power flows.
Distribution networks, on the other hand, have seenlittle change and tend to be radial with mostlyunidirectional power flows and passive operation.
Their primary role is energy delivery to end-users.
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MODEL OF A FUTURE GRID
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MODEL OF A FUTURE GRID
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SETTING UP SMART GRIDS Electricity grids of the future are Smart in severalways..
Firstly, they allow the customer to take an activerole in the supply of electricity. Demand
management becomes an indirect source ofgeneration and savings are rewarded.
Secondly, the new system offers greater efficiencyas links are set up across Europe and beyond to
draw on available resources and enable an efficientexchange of energy.
In addition, environmental concerns will be
addressed, thanks to the exploitation of sustainableener sources.
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Today, most users are passive receivers ofelectricity without further participation in theoperational management of the generation sourcesand the grid. Each user node is simply a sink for
electricity.
However, in the last decade many countries have
started the process of liberalization of their electricsystems, opening access to transmission anddistribution grids.
Smart metering, with two way communications
capability and greatly improved user information, isnow a reality and deployment is already takingplace in some European countries
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AN INTERACTIVE GRID Just like the internet, the electricity grid will be
interactive for both power generation sources andpower consumption sinks.
Wide area monitoring and protection (WAM &
WAP) systems will be applied to manage thecongestions in the transmission systems in a waythat improves the security and reliability of gridoperation.
One possible model for the electricity network ofthe future would be analogous to the internet, in thesense that decision-making is distributed and that
flows are bi-directional.
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OPERATION OF A SMART GRIDEnergymarket
Transmission systemoperator
Distributionsystem operator
Industrial and commercial
Wind farms
households CHP
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FIRST CITIES WITH SMART GRIDS The earliest, and still largest, example of a
smart grid is the Italian system installed by EnelS.p.A. of Italy. completed in 2005, theTELEGESTORE project was highly unusual in
the utility world because the company designedand manufactured their own meters, acted astheir own system integrator, and developed theirown system software.
AUSTIN, TEXAS BOULDER, COLORADO
HYDRO ONE, IN ONTARIO, CANADA
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OBSTACLES regulatory environments that don't reward
utilities for operational efficiency, excluding U.S.awards.
consumer concerns over privacy. social concerns over "fair" availability of
electricity.
limited ability of utilities to rapidly transform their
business and operational environment to takeadvantage of smart grid technologies.
concerns over giving the government
mechanisms to control the use of all powerusin activities.
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CONCLUSION The importance ,advantages, disadvantages
of smart grid technology have beenpresented in this paper. However this
technology is more advantageous comparedto present system. Hence we concludesaying that this technology improves
economy of a country by reducing electricallosses and giving way for alternate sourcesof energy.
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THANK YOU
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