smart vehicular traffic density analyzer--powerpoint.pdf
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Smart Vehicular Traffic Density Analyzer--SVTDA
Presented by
ESSIEN IKANKE EDEM: ANU09140048
JOHN BAPTIST EWUSI-ANSAH: ANU09140198
LINUS ANTONIO OFORI AGYEKUM: ANU08130018
Under the supervision of
MR. ERIC SACKEY
in partial fulfillment for the award of degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
\
ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
KOFORIDUA
OCTOBER, 2012 9/22/2012 1
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Objectives
To solve traffic congestion which is a severe
problem in many modern cities all over the world.
Using national electricity grid as well as
generating power from solar energy to improve upon
the power efficiency.
9/22/2012 2
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Existing Technologies
The list below are some existing technologies for road
traffic signaling;
Human Based Signaling.
Constant Time Based Signaling.
Centralized System.
9/22/2012 3
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Block Diagram
4
M I C R O C O N T R O L L E R
RED YELLOW GREEN
RED YELLOW GREEN
RED YELLOW GREEN
RED YELLOW GREEN
IR Receiver
(4-Junctions)
IR Transmitter
(4-Junctions)
National Grid
Solar Module
Automatic Power Switching Circuit NORTH SIDE
SOUTH SIDE
EAST SIDE WEST SIDE
Power Supply
Sensing Unit
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Advantages Of SVTDA System
Power Efficient.
Time Saving.
Eliminates High Traffic Density.
High Accuracy.
9/22/2012 5
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Automatic Power Switching Circuit
9/22/2012 6
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Transmitter & Receiver Circuit
9/22/2012 7
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Control Circuit
9/22/2012 8
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Numerical Analysis Automatic Power switching calculations
To calculate for resistance value R2 to enable LED1, LED forward current must be
between the range of 5 mA and 20 mA.
Where
Vs = voltage supply = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 2 V
ILED1= Current flowing through LED1 = 9 mA.
Hence
9/22/2012 9
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9/22/2012 10
To also calculate for the collector current for the relay switch RL1 built around
transistor Q1, the collector current is given by
Where
IC = Collector Current
VS = Supply Voltage=5 V
VBE = Emitter Base Current = 5 V
R1 = Base Resistance =2.2 k
= Common Emitter Current Gain = 100
Continued
Ic
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9/22/2012 11
To also compute the +Vref of IC2, it is given by the formula below
Where
VBATT = Battery voltage = 5 V
R5 = 220
R4 = 220
Continued
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Continued
9/22/2012 12
To also compute the +Vref of IC3, it is given by the formula below
Where
VBATT = Battery Voltage = 4 V
R8 = 220
R9 = 470
Hence
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Continued
9/22/2012 13
Transmitter Circuit Calculation
To calculate for the value of R1 that will limit the current flowing through the IR LED
to a relatively high value on a scale of 1 mA to 40 mA
Where
VS = Supply Voltage = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 1.63 V
IIR-LED = 33.787 mA
Hence
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Continued
9/22/2012 14
Traffic Indicator Calculation
To calculate for the limiting resistance value for R1 for LED1, the LED forward
current is in the range of 5 mA and 20 mA
Where
VS = Supply Voltage = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 2 V
ITI-LED1 = Current Flowing Through LED1 = 13.5 mA
Hence
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Continued
9/22/2012 15
Reset Circuit
To calculate the time taken for capacitor C3 to fully charge, the formula is given
below as;
Where
T = Time Constant
R9 = 10 k
C10 =10 F
Hence
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System Specification
9/22/2012 16
Supply Power 5 V DC from National Grid & Solar
Current 1 A
Transmitter Infrared
Transmitter Frequency 38 kHz
Receiver Photodiode
Microcontroller AT89C51
Programming Tools & Software Kiel Vision 3.0, Matlab & NI Multism
Traffic Indicators Light Emitting Diodes
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Architecture Of SVTDA System
9/22/2012 17
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST EAST
TX
RX
RX
TX
TX
RX
RX
TX
W I
E I N I
S I
N I North Indicator S I South Indicator E I East Indicator W I West Indicator
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